Intrastriatal transplantation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth reduces motor defects in Parkinsonian rats

Background

This study explored the neural differentiation and therapeutic effects of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Contribution of Protein Kinase C to p53-dependent WAF1 Induction Pathway after Heat Treatment in Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines

To examine whether protein kinase C (PKC) contributes to p53-dependent WAF1 induction after heat treatment, the effects of calphostin C (CAL), a specific inhibitor of PKC, on WAF1 induction were analyzed by PKC activity and gel mobility-shift assays and Western blot analysis in human glioblastoma cell lines. Heat-induced accumulation of WAF1 in A-172 cells carrying wild-typep53(wtp53) was suppressed by CAL in a dose-dependent manner. In T98G cells carrying mutantp53(mp53), no significant accumulation of WAF1 was observed after heat treatment and CAL exerted no significant effects on this response of T98G cells. In accordance with the accumulation of WAF1, heat-induced activation of the binding ability of p53 to p53 consensus sequence (p53 CON) was suppressed by CAL in A-172 cells but no DNA-binding activity was observed in the mp53 in T98G cells. PKC in A-172 cells was activated rapidly (within 5 min) after heat treatment in the membrane fraction but not in the cytosolic fraction. When the cell lines were treated with the PKC activator, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), WAF1 was accumulated in A-172 cells in a dose-dependent manner but not in T98G cells. In addition, the cellular contents of WAF1 after heating did not increase in A-172 cells transformed with mp53.These results suggest that PKC contributes to heat-induced signal transduction leading to p53-dependent WAF1 induction in a way that PKC is involved in the specific DNA-binding activation of p53.     

间伐强度对人工杉木林地表径流的影响

在湖南会同生态站的人工杉木林集水区,对比研究了不同间伐强度对地表径流影响。结果表明:降雨量大小是形成地表径流的主要原因,即地表径流随降雨量上升而增大。在不出现大暴雨及特大暴雨的情形下,间伐样地产生的地表径流比对照样地小,其中,30%的间伐强度更利于减小地表径流。通过对不同月份的降雨量与地表径流的关系研究,证明了单次降雨量,而非降雨总量,才是导致地表径流形成的主要原因。通过地表径流与林下植被、土壤特性的多元相关分析可知,地表径流与枯落物量、灌木草本层盖度、土壤非毛管孔隙、水稳性土壤团聚体粒径呈显著负相关,与土壤容重呈显著正相关。间伐正是通过改变上述因子而增强了水土保持能力,减小了地表径流的形成。在人工杉木林条件下和间伐强度范围内,30%的间伐强度下的影响更显著,更有助于减小地表径流。     

新疆塔里木盆地中部岩心上奥陶统良里塔格组中的变口目苔虫

本文描述了新疆塔里木盆地塔中地区岩心中的上奥陶统良里塔格组的变口目苔虫3科12属16种,包括8个未定种,分别为Prasopora grayae Nicholson et Etheridge,Atactoporella declivis (Hu),Peronopora sp.,Mesotrypa angularis Ul...     

陕西宁强原始锥石类五辐对称新属种的发现

陕西宁强宽川铺地区灯影组宽川铺段的原始锥石类Carinachitids中,新发现了五辐对称新属种--五分宁强锥石(新属、新种)Pentaconularia ningqiangensis gen.et sp.nov..本文对这一新属种进行了描记.结合前人发现的两辐对称、三辐对称、四辐对称的Carinachitids系列标...     

柽柳（Tamarix spp．ammodendron））和梭梭（Haloxylon的“肥岛”效应

灌丛“肥岛”是全球干旱生态系统中的普遍现象,其发生和发展对干旱灌木、草原生态系统的结构和功能都具有重要影响,但其物种效应容易得到忽视。对准噶尔盆地南缘柽柳（Tamarix spp．）和梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）这两种不同地表形态灌木的冠下、冠缘和灌丛间地3种生境的土壤进行了采样、分析,结果表明：（1）柽柳和梭梭都存在“肥岛”现象,主要表现在土壤表层,其土壤性状与“岛”外土壤的差异随土壤深度增加而减弱;（2）生物性限制土壤养分由“岛”内向外梯度递减,而非生物性限制土壤要素可能高于、也可能低于“岛”外土壤,或者两者无显著差异;（3）从“肥岛”的空间尺度来看,柽柳“肥岛”的水平范围可能超出了本身冠幅覆盖区,而梭梭“肥岛”要小于本身冠幅覆盖区,其深度亦小于柽柳“肥岛”;（4）相对于不同土壤要素而言,即使是同一物种,其“肥岛”也具有不同的空间范围。总的来看,研究区灌丛“肥岛”的发育具有明显的物种效应,相对梭梭而言,柽柳“肥岛”发育更广、更深,养分聚集更明显,其原因主要是柽柳的半球型树冠更利于保护和捕获凋落物,而较多的凋落物输入与土壤结构和土壤养分间的正反馈机制使柽柳冠下加速的生物地球化学循环能达到更广、更深的范围。灌丛“肥岛”的发育是干旱景观中生物过程与物理过程交互作用的产物,全面揭示其形成机理,探讨其对干旱生态系统结构、功能与动态的影响,需要更系统的研究。     

A Highlights from MBoC Selection: Regulation of the epithelial Ca2+ channel TRPV5 by reversible histidine phosphorylation mediated by NDPK-B and PHPT1

The kidney, together with bone and intestine, plays a crucial role in maintaining whole-body calcium (Ca²⁺) homoeostasis, which is primarily mediated by altering the reabsorption of Ca²⁺ filtered by the glomerulus. The transient receptor potential-vanilloid-5 (TRPV5) channel protein forms a six- transmembrane Ca²⁺-permeable channel that regulates urinary Ca²⁺ excretion by mediating active Ca²⁺ reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney. Here we show that the histidine kinase, nucleoside diphosphate kinase B (NDPK-B), activates TRPV5 channel activity and Ca²⁺ flux, and this activation requires histidine 711 in the carboxy-terminal tail of TRPV5. In addition, the histidine phosphatase, protein histidine phosphatase 1, inhibits NDPK-B–activated TRPV5 in inside/out patch experiments. This is physiologically relevant to Ca²⁺ reabsorption in vivo, as short hairpin RNA knockdown of NDPK-B leads to decreased TRPV5 channel activity, and urinary Ca²⁺ excretion is increased in NDPK-B^−/− mice fed a high-Ca²⁺ diet. Thus these findings identify a novel mechanism by which TRPV5 and Ca²⁺ reabsorption is regulated by the kidney and support the idea that histidine phosphorylation plays other, yet-uncovered roles in mammalian biology.