山西平陆越冬大天鹅日间行为模式

2011年12月至2012年2月和2012年11月至2013年1月,采用瞬时扫描法,对山西平陆黄河湿地越冬的大天鹅进行了日间行为时间分配和活动节律的研究。结果表明,大天鹅在越冬期的主要行为是静息、运动和取食,分别占全部行为比例的(40.5±1.4)%、(22.8±0.9)%和(18.2±0.8)%。在日间节律方面,大天鹅的取食行为呈现早晚双高峰,静息行为的高峰则出现在早上和中午。对不同地点的大天鹅的行为时间分配研究表明,大天鹅在两地的行为时间分配存在明显差异。其中,在干扰强度较大的三湾村,运动和争斗行为更多;在干扰较小的关家窝村,静息和警戒行为更多。在行为时间分配与温度变化关系的研究中,通过Pearson相关性分析发现,大天鹅的取食、运动和理羽行为与温度成显著正相关,静息和警戒行为与温度呈现显著负相关。     

Studies on Austrobilharzia terrigalensis (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae) in the Swan Estuary, Western Australia: infection in the definitive host, Larus novaehollandiae

The prevalence of Austrobilharzia terrigalensis infection in the Silver Gull (Larus novaehollandiae) population of the Swan Estuary, Western Australia was shown from autopsies to be 80.7% with a median worm load of five pairs. Maximum egg-output was recorded about 3 weeks after the first eggs were voided in the faeces of experimentally-infected birds. Few worms were thought to live longer than 2–3 months. Egg-output from naturally infected L. novaehollandiae was generally low, with a median rate of 24 eggs/g for birds living within 125 km radius of Perth. The liver, duodenum and small intestine were the organs most heavily involved in A. terrigalensis infection.