集约和粗放经营下毛竹林土壤活性有机碳的变化

以集约和粗放经营的毛竹(Phyllostachys heterocycla ‘Pubescens’)林为研究对象, 探讨了春季毛竹林集约经营后土壤有机碳的变化。结果表明: (1)集约经营后毛竹林0-10和10-20 cm土层土壤总有机碳含量分别下降了7.01%和18.90%, 易氧化碳含量分别下降了31.22%和46.03%, 0-20 cm土层轻组有机质含量下降了19.87%。(2)两种毛竹林的土壤有机碳含量在剖面上整体上均随土层深度的增加而呈下降趋势, 但下降幅度不同。粗放经营的毛竹林土壤易氧化碳的剖面特征与总有机碳相似, 而集约经营的毛竹林存在明显差异。轻组有机质具有表聚性, 主要分布在土壤表层(0-20 cm)。(3)土壤总有机碳、易氧化碳、轻组有机质与土壤养分之间的相关性均达到极显著水平(p < 0.01), 总有机碳与速效磷显著相关(p < 0.05)。(4)集约经营后, 毛竹林0-10 cm土层土壤易氧化碳的碳素有效率和土壤碳库活度分别下降了26.01%和50.52%, 差异显著(p < 0.05); 10-20 cm土层分别下降了35.51%和54.41%。因此, 施加适当配比的有机肥和无机肥, 有利于土壤中各种有机碳的积累, 也可改善土壤的生物化学活性。     

檫树毛竹混交林中毛竹鞭根的研究

采用固定标准地定位观测法,对新造竹林中栽植擦树后形成的檫树（14－15年）毛竹混交林竹鞭根结构和鞭体养分进行了调查和测定,结果表明,檫树在一定的密度范围,混交竹林有利于毛竹鞭根结构的优化和鞭体养分的提高,与毛竹纯林相比,檫树密度为420－615株.hm^-2的混交竹林,其鞭长,鞭径及其整齐度,新鞭年生长量,壮幼鞭比例,健壮芽数量、鞭根体积等,均在不同程度上高于毛竹纯林中的对应部分。当檫树密度超过735株.hm^-2时,混交竹林中的上述指标则低于生毛竹纯林中的对应部分,但单位鞭长的分岔次数明显加大,回归分析表明,鞭总长,鞭节点,新鞭生长量,鞭径、鞭径整齐度及单位鞭长分岔次数与檫树密度之间的关系密切（r=0.92956-0.99530),混交竹林中鞭体的N、P、K,Ca,Mg养分含量高于纯柯的对应值,其中鞭体中N含量较纯林平均高出7．6％、11．6％。     

竹类植物民间分类与传统管理

中国各少数民族对植物资源分类、识别、命名和保护的传统知识和实践,对植物资源的可持续发展具有非常重要的作用。民族民间对竹类植物的分类、识别、命名、利用和保护,不仅基于竹类植物的经济利用、形态特征、生活形态和生长习性,而且依赖于社会文化价值,强烈的植根于自然和社会文化环境中。此外,民族民间利用和保护竹类植物的实践,是原住民和自然资源长期相互作用的结晶,形成了非常合理和有效的可持续利用的生产系统。鉴于前期工作的基础,未来几方面的工作应得到加强：（1）调查：对中国其它偏僻地区原住民社区更多的访谈和野外调查是非常必要的,不要仅局限于种类的分类、识别和分布,而且亦要了解他们文化知识和这一重要资源的用途;（2）保护：自然资源和文化多样性保护计划和项目必须纳入国家项目,并要结合对各个民族类群的特别建议。不同利益集团的介入和合作也是必要的。（3）技术传播：某些现代的管理和技术能改进资源利用效率,增加原住民社区收入和促进这些社区福利的改善。（4）就地保护和迁地保护资金的支持：竹类遗传资源的保护对于未来可持续生产是非常重要的,但亦是困难的,这往往是资源多样化、文化多样性,特别是资金激励体制导致推行策略的复杂性。     

不同经营强度条件下毛竹林植物物种多样性的变化

对保护区不同经营强度下的毛竹林的物种组成、α多样性及 β多样性进行研究 ,并与 3个天然植被类型进行对比分析。结果表明 ,毛竹林随着经营强度加大 ,明显表现纯林化过程 ,这一过程以丧失大量壳斗科、樟科和松科等乔木树种为代价 ,乔木层、灌木层和草本层的物种组成发生显著的变化。乔木层物种多样性下降 ,灌木层和草本层物种多样性上升 ,灌木和草本物种多样性变化是由于乔木层改变引起的。β多样性反映毛竹林在不同经营强度条件下物种替代速率 ,从毛竹混交林Ⅱ (c类型 ,2 5 %≤毛竹 <5 0 % )向毛竹混交林Ⅰ (b类型 ,5 0 %≤毛竹 <75 % )转变过程中 ,乔木层Sorenson指数最小 ,Cody指数最大 ,说明阔叶或针叶树种在这一过程中大部分已被改造而丧失 ,对保护区物种多样性保护 ,在此阶段之前加以控制和保护才更有现实意义。     

亚硫酸钠处理对与采后竹笋木质化作用有关的细胞壁物质及酶活性的影响

研究了Na2SO3处理对与采后竹笋木质化作用相关的细胞壁物质及其酶活性的影响.结果表明1%Na2SO3处理能显著延缓竹笋组织中多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性的降低和抑制苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性的上升,因此水溶性果胶含量显著高于对照,硬度、木质素和原果胶含量显著低于对照.但1%Na2SO3处理对纤维素酶、果胶甲酯酶活性和纤维素含量无显著影响.     

福建省竹林益害螨名录( I)

本文首次报道福建省竹林益害螨名录,它们分别隶属于蜱螨亚纲的６ 个总科７ 科１９ 属３４ 种。其中有致使竹林大量落叶的叶螨类群。导致毛竹生长衰退的瘿螨,跗线螨类群,也有对竹林害螨,小型昆虫有重要控制作用的捕食性螨类。     

Seasonal variation in activity and diet in a small-bodied folivorous primate,Hapalemur griseus,in southeastern Madagascar

How small-bodied (500–1,200 g) folivorous prosimian primates cope with large amounts of foliage in their diet seasonally has yet to be determined for many species such as Hapalemur griseus, which specializes on bamboo. To address this issue, we present results on seasonal variation in activity and diet from a wild group of H. griseus in southeastern Madagascar. Throughout the study (which was conducted from July–November 1994 and July 1995–February 1996), H. griseus primarily fed on new growth from three species of bamboo: two species of liana bamboo and Cephalostachyum perrieri. Bamboo species were used in different ways seasonally; liana bamboo was consumed more during the dry, cool season, and C. perrieri was eaten more often during the wet, warm season. H. griseus also spent more of their time feeding and traveling than nocturnal folivores of similar body size during the dry season. During the warm wet season, H. griseus decreased the amount of time spent feeding and traveling and rested more often. We hypothesize that seasonal changes in activity may be primarily related to the distribution and availability of food sources and/or reproductive cycles. Am. J. Primatol. 43:211–223, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

磁共振成像技术在毛竹幼竹显微结构和水分含量表征中的应用

竹子节部对竹秆的中空结构以及竹秆快速高生长起着关键作用,研究竹子解剖结构有助于认识竹子生长机制。本研究利用核磁共振成像(MRI)无创、高分辨率和准确的技术优势,对毛竹幼竹去笋箨梢部进行横切面高精度核磁共振成像扫描,使用MATLAB软件对 MRI进行灰度值采集,分析节部、近节部和节间水分分布差异。结果表明: 无数维管束在毛竹幼竹节隔以及近节隔内腔反复扭曲和水平转动,组成了一个错综复杂和高度连接的网络结构,通过分轴向载荷来保护重要组织免受机械应力,同时实现水分和营养物质的横向运输,这是毛竹在短时间内快速完成高生长的重要基础。MRI信号值(亮度值)表明,幼竹维管束的水分含量远远高于周围的基本组织。节间平均水分含量和像素点间含水量标准差显著高于节部,近节部居中。MRI技术可以在未来竹子解剖学和生理生化学研究中发挥作用。     

Species richness and altitudinal variation in the aquatic metazoan community in bamboo phytotelmata from north Sulawesi

We compared the aquatic metazoan community structure in bamboo stumps between a lowland (Kosinggolan; 200 m a.s.l.) and a highland site (Moat; 1030–1050 m a.s.l.) in North Sulawesi. The lowland bamboo stumps harbored 38 taxa including 2 predators, and the highland stumps harbored 35 taxa including 2 predators. In total 45 taxa were recorded, including 3 predators. Dominant detritivores were Tipulidae, Scirtidae, Chironomidae, Culicidae and Ceratopogonidae. The sole dominant predators wereToxorhynchites mosquito larvae, which occurred in 67% and 28% of stumps at the lowland and the highland sites, respectively. Although the mean biomass per stump did not differ significantly between the sites, the mean number of species per stump was significantly smaller at the lowland site. In addition, the variation in species composition among stumps was greater at the lowland site than at the highland site. Among dominant taxonomic groups, the number of non-predatory culicid species per stump was smaller at the lowland site where their predator,Toxorhynchites, was more abundant, although both sites had the same number of culicid species. In the presence ofToxorhynchites, the density and biomass of other culicids per stump were reduced significantly. The difference in predator density might affect differences in the local-scale community structure of individual bamboo stumps.