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排序方式: 共有120条查询结果,搜索用时 312 毫秒
111.
Santos MM Micael J Carvalho AP Morabito R Booy P Massanisso P Lamoree M Reis-Henriques MA 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP》2006,142(1-2):151-155
Recently, it has been demonstrated that the biocide tributyltin (TBT) can interfere with fish sex differentiation, leading to a bias of sex toward males. On the contrary, it is well known that estrogenic compounds can induce fish feminization. Yet, the combined effects of mixtures of androgenic and estrogenic compounds on fish sex differentiation have never been investigated before, even though in the environment animals are frequently exposed to both groups of xenobiotics. Therefore, in order to investigate whether exposure to estrogenic compounds can block the masculinizing effect of TBT, 5 days post-fertilization zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae were exposed for a four month period to TBT and to the synthetic estrogen-ethinylestradiol (EE2). The fish were fed a diet containing TBT at nominal concentrations of 25 and 100 ng TBT/g, and two groups of animals were also dosed with TBT plus EE2 at nominal water concentration of 3.5 ng/L, using a flow-through design. As expected, fish exposed to TBT showed a bias of sex toward males (62.5% males in control tanks and 86% and 82% in TBT 25 and TBT 100 ng TBT/g, respectively). Co-exposure to EE2 completely blocked the masculinizing effect of TBT, with 7% males in the TBT 25 ng/g + EE2 treatment and 0% in the EE2 alone and in the TBT 100 ng/ + EE2 exposed groups. These results clearly indicate that EE2, at environmentally relevant concentrations, can block the TBT masculinizing effects in zebrafish, which suggests that in the aquatic environment the presence of estrogens may neutralize the fish masculinizing effect of TBT. Our findings highlight the need of testing the combined effects of contaminants, as single exposure studies may not be sufficient to predict the effects of mixtures of xenobiotics with antagonistic properties. 相似文献
112.
Barbara Leoni Giuseppe Morabito Michela Rogora Davide Pollastro Rosario Mosello Silvia Arisci Elena Forasacco Letizia Garibaldi 《Limnology》2007,8(2):121-130
The main focus of this study was to investigate the effects of lime treatment with Ca(OH)2 on a hypereutrophic hardwater lake (Lake Alserio, Northern Italy), focusing on its impact on plankton communities. We performed
a mesocosm experiment using two large enclosures, one for treatment and one control, in the lake. The addition of Ca(OH)2 proved to be effective in reducing phosphorus concentration, but the effect was limited in time. Redissolution of the precipitating
calcium carbonate as it came into contact with the deep water determined a phosphorus increase about 2 weeks after the liming.
The liming had a strong impact on the plankton assemblage, as was demonstrated by the sharp decrease in phytoplankton and
zooplankton biomass and density, and 1 month after the treatment we observed a different taxonomic composition inside the
enclosure from that of the lake. The result of the experiment showed that liming with Ca(OH)2 can be regarded as a suitable treatment for accelerating recovery of the lake. Multiple treatments will be necessary to improve
the trophic level over a longer period. 相似文献
113.
Paige Morabito Meredith J. Bashaw 《Journal of applied animal welfare science : JAAWS》2013,16(3):208-221
Stereotypic behaviors, indicating poor welfare and studied in a variety of species (especially carnivores), appear related to characteristics of current and past environments. Although North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) often develop abnormal, repetitive, possibly stereotypic behaviors, no published reports describe otter housing and management or characterize how these variables relate to abnormal repetitive behavior (ARB) occurrence. The first author developed surveys to gather data on housing, individual history, management, and the prevalence of ARBs in otters housed in facilities accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Consistent with anecdotal evidence that otters are prone to ARBs, 46% of river otters in the study exhibit them. ARBs were mostly locomotor and often preceded feeding. Exhibits where otters were fed and trained housed a greater percentage of nonhuman animals with ARBs. This study supports the Tarou, Bloomsmith, and Maple (2005) report that more hands-on management is associated with higher levels of ARBs because management efforts are only for animals with ARBs. Escape motivation, breeding season, feeding cues, and ability to forage may affect ARBs in river otters and should be investigated. 相似文献
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Robert E. Morabito 《Ocean Development & International Law》2013,44(3):301-311
Abstract The principles of blockade have evolved from maritime siege by the Dutch in 1584, to an internationally sanctioned “coercive blockade”; intended to compel Iraq to leave occupied Kuwait in 1990. This strategy, viable through the centuries, remains a powerful tool in the military strategist's repertoire for meeting the challenges of low level and regional conflicts. Planning a “coercive blockade”; is difficult. In a combined and joint service operation, the careful development of force composition; command, control, and communication (C3) structures; and rules of engagement, becomes extremely critical. International law considerations permeate every level of planning and execution. A careful study of contemporary operations is necessary to create Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) that address operational and legal issues for the future use of this creative method of international coercion. 相似文献
117.
Jie Liu Elias K. Haddad Joshua Marceau Kaitlyn M. Morabito Srinivas S. Rao Ali Filali-Mouhim Rafick-Pierre Sekaly Barney S. Graham 《PLoS pathogens》2016,12(3)
CD8 T cells are involved in pathogen clearance and infection-induced pathology in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Studying bulk responses masks the contribution of individual CD8 T cell subsets to protective immunity and immunopathology. In particular, the roles of subdominant responses that are potentially beneficial to the host are rarely appreciated when the focus is on magnitude instead of quality of response. Here, by evaluating CD8 T cell responses in CB6F1 hybrid mice, in which multiple epitopes are recognized, we found that a numerically subdominant CD8 T cell response against DbM187 epitope of the virus matrix protein expressed high avidity TCR and enhanced signaling pathways associated with CD8 T cell effector functions. Each DbM187 T effector cell lysed more infected targets on a per cell basis than the numerically dominant KdM282 T cells, and controlled virus replication more efficiently with less pulmonary inflammation and illness than the previously well-characterized KdM282 T cell response. Our data suggest that the clinical outcome of viral infections is determined by the integrated functional properties of a variety of responding CD8 T cells, and that the highest magnitude response may not necessarily be the best in terms of benefit to the host. Understanding how to induce highly efficient and functional T cells would inform strategies for designing vaccines intended to provide T cell-mediated immunity. 相似文献
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