节瓜及近缘葫芦科作物种质资源rDNA-ITS序列分析与系统进化研究

通过PCR扩增获得了56份节瓜种质资源及7份相关瓜类种质资源的rDNA-ITS序列,测序后结合GenBank中34份葫芦科作物的ITS序列,利用生物信息学软件分析序列长度、变异位点、G+C含量、遗传分歧、同源性百分比差异、系统进化关系。节瓜种质资源ITS基本序列全长612~617 bp,G+C含量59.97%~61.07%,供试材料间共96个变异位点,其中一些变异位点有明显的种性特征,可作为特异DNA指纹鉴别位点。基于ITS序列差异,56份节瓜材料聚为5大类,其中12-2-3材料为单独一个分支,黑毛节瓜H2251为第二分支,H5FA为第三分支,剩余节瓜材料聚为第四、五分支。节瓜材料12-2-3与其他材料遗传分歧最大,农艺性状与抗性也差异较大,可用作节瓜杂交育种的亲本以扩大选择范围。节瓜的系统位置排列在Indomelothria blumei(GU799496)与Dactyliandra welwitschii(HQ201973)之间,与Indomelothria blumei亲缘关系最近;Mrbayes软件分析表明,葫芦科作物Zehneria thwaitesii(AM981145)、Ctenolepis cerasiformis(AM981142)、Cucumis melo(AM36377)、Dactyliandra welwitschii(HQ201973)、Trochomeria macrocarpa(AM981141)最原始,系统进化顺序为甜瓜→南瓜、栝楼、苦瓜、丝瓜、西瓜、蒲瓜→冬瓜、节瓜→黄瓜。本研究通过分析节瓜及近缘葫芦科作物种质资源的ITS序列,为其系统进化、DNA指纹鉴别、育种亲本选择及比较组学分析等提供了分子生物学依据。     

黄淮海大豆异黄酮含量分析与特异种质遴选

以黄淮海生态区181份栽培大豆与32份野生大豆为材料,采用高效液相色谱法测定其籽粒异黄酮及组分含量,分析该地区大豆籽粒异黄酮含量遗传变异,遴选高异黄酮特异种质,为相关基因克隆表达、RIL群体构建和专用型品种选育提供资源。结果表明,供试栽培大豆异黄酮含量在1462.6-6115.5 μg/g,平均为3558.2 μg/g,最大差异可达4.2倍;供试野生大豆异黄酮含量在3896.1-7440.4 μg/g,平均为5182.4 μg/g,最大差异可达1.9倍。可见,黄淮海生态区大豆资源异黄酮及组分含量存在较大遗传变异,且野生大豆异黄酮平均含量显著高于栽培大豆。从供试资源中遴选出异黄酮含量超过6000 μg/g特异种质4份（超过7000 μg/g种质1份）。     

Germplasm resources of three wood plant species enriched with nervonic acid

Nervonic acid (NA) is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical functions that plays an important role in treating several neurological disorders. One major source of NA is plant seed oil. Here we report fatty acid profiles of seeds and germplasm diversity of six plant species, including three woody plants with high amounts of NA-enriched seed oil, Malania oleifera, Macaranga adenantha, and M. indica. M. oleifera had the largest seed (average 7.40 g single seed), highest oil content (58.71%), and highest NA level (42.22%). The germplasm diversity of M. oleifera is associated with its habitat but not elevation. Seeds of M. adenantha contained higher NA levels (28.41%) than M. indica (21.77%), but M. indica contained a significantly higher oil content (29.22%) and seed yield. M. adenantha germplasm varied among populations, with one population having seeds with high oil content (22.63%) and NA level (37.78%).Although M. indica grow naturally at a range of elevations, no significant differences were detected between M. indica populations. These results suggest that M. indica and M. oleifera have greater potential as a source of NA, which will contribute to constructing a germplasm resource nursery and establishing a selection and breeding program to improve the development of NA-enriched plants.     

Use of molecular markers and flow cytometry to preserve ancient Annurca apple germplasm

The old Annurca apple cultivar (Malus domestica), particularly appreciated for its peculiar flavor and crispy flesh, was studied in order to preserve its ancient germplasm. Twelve clones of Annurca were analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Two out of 30 RAPD primers and nine out of ten SSR primers were able to discriminate all the clones analyzed. Data were confirmed by measuring DNA content using flow cytometry. The results provide a good procedure to improve germplasm field management, in order to removing redundant material in the Annurca collection. This represents an efficient way to create a data bank in order to preserve the genetic variability of the Annurca cultivar. M. Iannaccone, D. Palumbo and I. Ventimiglia contributed equally to this work     

Calorimetric properties of water and triacylglycerols in fern spores relating to storage at cryogenic temperatures

Storing spores is a promising method to conserve genetic diversity of ferns ex situ. Inappropriate water contents or damaging effects of triacylglycerol (TAG) crystallization may cause initial damage and deterioration with time in spores placed at -15 degrees C or liquid nitrogen temperatures. We used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to monitor enthalpy and temperature of water and TAG phase transitions within spores of five fern species: Pteris vittata, Thelypteris palustris, Dryopteris filix-mas, Polystichum aculeatum, Polystichum setiferum. The analyses suggested that these fern spores contained between 26% and 39% TAG, and were comprised of mostly oleic (P. vittata) or linoleic acid (other species) depending on species. The water contents at which water melting events were first observable ranged from 0.06 (P. vittata) to 0.12 (P. setiferum)gH(2)Og(-1)dry weight, and were highly correlated with water affinity parameters. In spores containing more than 0.09 (P. vittata) to 0.25 (P. setiferum)gH(2)Og(-1)dry weight, some water partitioned into a near pure water fraction that melted at about 0 degrees C. These sharp peaks near 0 degrees C were associated with lethal freezing treatments. The enthalpy of water melting transitions was similar in fern spores, pollen and seeds; however, the unfrozen water content was much lower in fern spores compared to other forms of germplasm. Though there is a narrow range of water contents appropriate for low temperature storage of fern spores, water content can be precisely manipulated to avoid both desiccation and freezing damage.     

Analysis of genetic diversity in Aconitum kongboense L. revealed by AFLP markers

The systematic evaluation of the molecular diversity encompassed in Aconitum kongboense L. inbreds or parental lines offers an efficient means of exploiting the heterosis in A. kongboense as well as for management of biodiversity. An excellent and novel DNA-based molecular, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) markers, was firstly used to analysis the genetic diversity in A. kongboense genotypes. Out of 256 primers screened, a total of ten combinations successfully produced scorable, clear, reproducible and relatively high polymorphism bands, 64.12% of which were polymorphic. The values of number of polymorphic loci (NPL), percentage of polymorphic loci (PPB), observed number of alleles (Na) and effective number of alleles (Ne) were highest in population 3 (NPL = 77, PPB = 68.75%, Na = 1.688 ± 0.466, Ne = 1.412 ± 0.397) and lowest in population 2 (NPL = 57, PPB = 50.89%, Na = 1.509 ± 0.502, Ne = 1.273 ± 0.340). In addition, Jaccard's similarity coefficients among different populations varied from 0.45 to 1.00 with an average of 0.55. The data collected will contribute to identification, rational exploitation and conservation of germplasms of A. kongboense, and potentially useful to aid its breeding.     

茶梅品种资源的收集保存、鉴定评价及种质创新

综述了国内外茶梅品种的收集保存、鉴定评价及种质创新工作,其中上海市农业生物基因中心自2002年起,共收集国内外茶梅品种80余种,建立品种资源基地并对其进行了鉴定评价,筛选出3个适于上海地区的品种,并登录新品种1个。     

优异种质资源克4430-20在黑龙江省大豆育种中的应用

本文分析了克4430-20的来源及特征特性,研究了克4430-20作为优异亲本的利用情况及其衍生品种的生产应用情况.研究结果表明,克4430-20是黑龙江省衍生品种最多的大豆种质资源之一,以其作直接或间接亲本共衍生42个高产大豆品种.1个品种获国家科技进步二等奖,1个品种获国家科技进步三等奖,4个品种获省科技进步二等奖,2个品种获省科技进步三等奖.克4430-20在育种中的成功应用,说明优异大豆种质资源的创新对大豆育种至关重要,选择配合力高的亲本进行杂交组配可有效提高大豆的育种效率.     

黑龙江省野生大豆、栽培大豆高异黄酮种质资源筛选

利用改进的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测了黑龙江省野生大豆(Glycine soja)、栽培大豆(G. max) 60份种质资源的异黄酮含量.结果表明,不同类型大豆种质资源异黄酮含量有明显遗传差异,变幅为416.2～6808.2μg/g,野生大豆高于栽培大豆,筛选出高异黄酮野生大豆种质资源4份、高异黄酮栽培大豆种质资源2份.     

甘肃地区野生桃种质资源与开发利用

甘肃省地形复杂,分布有多种野生桃物种,在对野生桃居群多样性研究的采样过程中,于2004年7～9月份在甘肃的天水、平凉、庆阳等地进行了实地调查和了解,同时综合了前人的研究成果,对甘肃野生桃资源的状况进行了初步总结、分析,提出了对甘肃野生桃资源的合理保护的策略和开发利用的建议.