实验用果蝇饲养及保种注意事项

果蝇（Drosophila melanogaste,2n=8）为完全变态的双翅目昆虫,具有生活史短、突变型多、染色体数目少、繁殖率高等突出特点,是遗传学教学中不可缺少的实验材料,也是遗传学研究中经典的模式生物材料。因此,饲养好果蝇对遗传学教学和科学研究有着重要的意义。现将本实验室饲养果蝇和保种方法总结如下。     

人骨保护素-热休克蛋白70融合蛋白在昆虫细胞中的表达和活性分析

目的:利用BaculoDirect杆状病毒表达系统融合表达人OPG功能片段p22-194和分枝杆菌HSP70 p111-125基因,并鉴定重组蛋白及其生物学活性。方法:将编码人OPG功能片段和分枝杆菌HSP70功能片段基因克隆至杆状病毒转座载体,将重组转座载体与BaculoDirectTM Linear DNA进行LR重组连接反应,构建出重组杆状病毒DNA,转染Sf9昆虫细胞,获得重组病毒。在Sf9细胞中进行表达,并对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE电泳、Western blotting分析,用Ni柱纯化。采用破骨细胞生成抑制试验和抑炎试验鉴定表达产物的生物学活性。结果:重组病毒在感染昆虫细胞后48h开始出现一相对分子质量为28 kDa大小的特异条带,感染后72～96 h蛋白量达到高峰。破骨细胞生成抑制实验及抑炎试验结果显示,重组蛋白能明显抑制破骨细胞的生长和分化,同时亦具有抑制炎症反应的作用。结论:利用杆状病毒表达系统在昆虫细胞中成功表达OPG-HSP70融合蛋白,该融合蛋白具有抑制破骨细胞生成和抑制炎症反应生物学活性。     

虫药蜣螂对灵芝发酵物风味组成的影响

采用顶空-气相色谱-质谱联用对虫药蜣螂和添加蜣螂发酵后的灵芝发酵物的风味物质进行了测定,进而分析了添加蜣螂对灵芝发酵物风味组成的影响。结果表明,虫药蜣螂和灵芝发酵物(添加蜣螂)中分别含有40和30多种风味物质。添加蜣螂发酵后,灵芝发酵物跟对照相比新出现了5种风味物质,分别为苯甲醛、α-松油醇、苯乙醇、唑苯并噻和桃金娘烯醇。其中α-松油醇、苯乙醇和唑苯并噻是蜣螂中的风味成分,苯甲醛和桃金娘烯醇为新产生成分。所有5种风味物质均为食品香料物质。蜣螂中其它风味成分经灵芝发酵转化或降解后,未出现在灵芝发酵物中。因此,添加蜣螂发酵对灵芝发酵物的风味无不良影响。结果还提示灵芝细胞可生物转化或降解虫药蜣螂中的部分风味物质。     

探究奇特的共生关系

你有没有听说过：一种植物离不开它的寄生虫,失去了虫的寄生,植物就将无法传粉和结实,永远消失在地球上。你有没有听说过：全由这种植物哺育的昆虫,似乎非常懂得“知恩图报：大部分的雌虫专为这一种植物传粉效力,而它自己却怀着满腹的虫卵死去。本文就向你介绍这样一对动、植物——薜荔榕小蜂与薜荔,它们恰则皆旺,分则皆亡”的共生关系,以及这一发现的历程。     

广州市昆虫群落结构及动态

2005-2006年对广州市全区域的昆虫群落进行6次调查,对该区域昆虫群落结构、多样性及时间动态进行了分析.共记述22个目、216个科.鞘翅目的类群最丰富,双翅目、鳞翅目、膜翅目和半翅目次之;鞘翅目昆虫的个体数量最多(30.45),其次为鳞翅目(18.89)和膜翅目(14.78).6～7月昆虫类群数和个体数量最多,12月最少;6～7月的种类丰度最高,其次为3～4月、9～10月,12月最低;Shannon-Wiener指数从高到低依次为6～7月、9～10月、3～4月、12月;Pielou均匀度指数从高到低依次为6～7月、9～10月、12月、3～4月;12月的种类优势度最高,其次为3～4月、9～10月,最低为6～7月.     

揭开昆虫起源的奥秘——抚仙湖虫的发现与研究

昆虫是我们最熟悉的动物之一,美丽的蝴蝶,勤劳的蜜蜂,惹人恼恨的蚊子、苍蝇等,我们几乎随时随地都能看到它们。从干旱的沙漠到江河纵横的湖泊,从赤道热带雨林到两极冰天雪地的苍原,从动、植物的体外到体内,昆虫都成功地侵入并存活繁衍着。目前已经记载的昆虫超过８０万种,占整个动物种类总数的３／４还强,其中仅鞘翅目就有３３万多种,超过昆虫纲以外所有动物种类的总和。昆虫种内个体数量也往往十分惊人,一窝非洲蚂蚁可以多达２４万头,危害草原的蝗虫,迁飞时更是可多至几亿至十几亿头,真是铺天盖地,所过之处寸草不留。自从有…     

对参考文献著录的几点建议

针对当前《昆虫分类学报》作者群文后参考文献经常出现的著录错误及容易混淆的问题,介绍了国家颁布标准《文后参考文献著录规则》,并提出了几点建议,供《昆虫分类学报》作者参考借鉴。     

屎壳郎“当选”最强壮昆虫为争“女友”两两对决

屎壳郎因推粪球而闻名，但直至最近，科学家才以数据证明它们是地球上已知的最强壮昆虫：一种名为食粪金龟的屎壳郎可以推动相当于自身体重1000多倍的粪球。     

Host plant mediation of diapause induction in the cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi Baly （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae）

The cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringiBaly （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae）, is a serious pest of crucifers in China, undergoing an imaginal summer and winter diapause in the soil. The effects of host plants on diapause incidence were tested in the beetle. The ratio of adults entering diapause was significantly low when they fed on the mature leaves of Chinese cabbage Shanghaiqin （Brassica chinesis var communis） than those feeding on Chinese cabbage Suzhouqin （Brassica chinesis var communis）, radish （Raphanus sativus var longipinnatus） and stem mustard （Brassicajuncea vat tumida） at 25℃ combined with 13：11 （L： D） h. Fewer adults entered diapause on young leaves compared to physiologically aged and mature radish leaves at 25℃ combined with 13：11 （L： D） h. The effect of host plant species on diapause induction was also evident under continuously dark rearing conditions or at different photoperiods. These experimental results demonstrate that host plant mediation of diapause induction exists in the cabbage beetle. However, at temperatures ≤20℃ or photoperiods of 16：8 （L： D） h combined with 25℃, all individuals entered diapause regardless of the host plants, indicating that the effects of host plants on diapause induction could be expressed only within a limited range of temperatures and photoperiods.     

Toxicological and biochemical characterizations of malathion sensitivity in two field populations of Oxya chinensis （Orthoptera： Acridoidea）

We evaluate comparative toxicity of malathion in the two populations of the grasshopper Oxya chinensis, collected from Daixian and Fanshi of Shanxi province, China. General esterases and acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） from the two populations were characterized and compared. LD50 of the Daixian population （7.58 μg/g body weight） was 2.02-fold higher than that of the Fanshi population （3.75μg/g body weight）. General esterase-specific activities in the Daixian population were 1.91,130 and 1.85-fold higher than those in the Fanshi population, when α-NA, α-NB and β-NA were used as a substrate, respectively. Kinetic studies of general esterase showed that Vmax values of general esterases hydrolyzing α-NA,α-NB and β-NA in the Daixian population were 2.15-, 1.12-, and 1.47-fold, respectively, higher than those in the Fanshi population. The AChE activity of the Fanshi population was 1.54-fold higher than that of the Daixian population. Kinetic analysis of AChE showed that significant differences were presented between the two populations in the Km values; and the Vmax value in the Fanshi population was higher than that in the Daixian population. Inhibition studies of AChE indicated that AChE from the Daixian population was 2.56-, 2.80-, and 2.29-fold less sensitive to inhibition by paraoxon, chlorpyrifos-oxon, and demeton-S-methyl, respectively, than that from the Fanshi population. These biochemical characterizations of general esterases and AChE were consistent with malathion bioassay in the two populations. It is inferred that the reduced sensitivity of altered AChE and increased general esterase activities play an important role in the differences of insusceptibility of Oxya chinensis to malathion between the two populations.