种子植物的起源及其早期演化

迄今为止世界上最早的种子植物发现于北美和欧洲西北部的晚泥盆纪地层。这些种子植物可能起源于前裸子植物，即解剖构造上较为进化的一类蕨类植物。然而，从目前的证据来看尚无法确切判断这些种子植物起源于前裸子植物中的某个特定类群，比如古羊齿目和戟枝木目。作者总结了种子植物祖先的有关证据，并对目前已知的最早的种子植物的形态进行了概述。由于种子植物自出现起即表现出丰富的形态多样性，因而尚无法对某个可能的祖先形态作出判断。目前的研究尚不能确切回答种子植物起源的全部问题，仍需寻找有关前裸子植物与种子植物过渡类型的新证据。作者对未来的研究提出了建议     

定量分析第三纪以来环境变化的新方法——特有种气候分析法

There are many extant endemic plants in China, which were widelydistributed in the North Hemisphere during Tertiary. The global cooling during the Tertiary caused a series of narrow distribution regions of the plants. Quaternary glaciation invaded most regions of North America and Eurasia where severe destruction was imposed onto vegetation. However, such destruction was lessened in China largely because of specific topographic and geographical and obviously, a number of other conditions accounted for an unusual refugee camp for the relics of plants in China, among which lots of endemic taxa exist. Recently, Chinese endemic species, such as Metaseqouia, Eucommia, have been employed to conduct multi-disciplinary comprehensive studies so as to analyze Tertiary climate changes quantitatively. Meanwhile, a rigorous method, i.e. climate analysis of endemic species (CAES) has come to maturation. This method is characteristic of some generality because it is supposed to be applicable to the endemic species in other regions of the world. CAES is involved in the following aspects: 1. Conduct multidisciplinary studies on living and fossil species of endemic plants and trace their evolutionary courses. 2. Compare fossil species with living one and clarify which is the nearest living relative (NLR) to fossil counterpart. 3. Fossils and their living counterparts (NLR) are supposed to have similar ecological requirements to meet their life cycles. 4. Investigate the geographic distribution of living and fossil plants within the same taxa and ascertain the dynamic changes of their distributions in geological age. 5. Analyze climate factors in the distribution of specific endemic taxa and obtain the data of climatic characters which are suitable for reconstruction of paleoclimate where fossil counterparts lived. 6. Further study the physio-ecology of living species and determinate paleoclimate where fossil counterparts lived. 7. Integrate analysis of the data from steps 4, 5 and 6, and quantitatively reconstruct the climate where fossil and living plants survive.     

图形视网膜电图的空间和时间调谐特性——FFT分析

用快速傅里叶转换(FFT)技术分析了图形视网膜电图(PERG)的空间和时间调谐特性。PERG 的二次谐波在较高的空间频率(>0.46周/度)逐渐下降,与 PERG振幅的变化相似,但显示明显的低空间频率衰减。空间和时间调谐特性存在一定的相关。引起最大二次谐波振幅的最佳时间频率,在低空间频率时(<0.23周/度)由低频(≤3.91Hz)移至 7.81Hz。     

正常人的调频感受阈

调频感受实质上就是音调辨别。其阈值⊿f因声音的频率、强度、调频时程等的不同而变。频率范围在125—500赫时正常人的⊿f较小,在适当的强度和调频时程时平均约为1.2赫,在500—2000赫时⊿f与频率的2/5次方成正比,在2000—8000赫时⊿f与频率成正比.当声音强度在阈上10-80分贝的范围内变化时,⊿f随声音强度的增加而变小。当调频时程t小于某一临界时间时,⊿f大致上与t的平方根成反比,当t大于这一临界时间时,⊿f便变化不大.文中把用调频法测得的⊿f值与文献资料中用信号比较法测得的进行了比较,并对所用的调频法作了肯定的评价.     

针刺镇痛过程中中缝大核内5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素荧光强度的变化

本实验用荧光组织化学和显微荧光定量法测定了针刺镇痛过程中大自鼠中缝大核内5-羟色胺(5-HT)胞体和去甲肾上腺素(NA)末梢荧光强度的变化。电针组在电针后,痛阈均有不同程度的提高。33只接受电针刺激的动物中,有22只为强针效,6只弱针效,7只无针效。实验表明,针效强的动物,中缝大核内5-HT胞体荧光增强,NA末梢荧光强度减弱;针效弱的动物,5-HT胞体的荧光强度也有所增强,NA末梢的荧光强度略有减弱,但无统计意义。无针效动物,两者均无明显变化。本结果表明,针刺镇痛过程中,中缝大核内5-HT和NA含量都发生变化,其变化程度与针刺镇痛效应的强弱密切相关。本文对中缝大核5-HT和NA在针刺镇痛过程中的相互关系进行了讨论。     

青海黄芪属新分类群

青海黄芪属新分类群吴玉虎（中国科学院西北高原生物研究所，西宁８１０００１）ＮｅｗＴａｘａｏｆｔｈｅＧｅｎｕｓＡｓｔｒａｇａｌｕｓｆｒｏｍＱｉｎｇｈａｉＷＵＹｕ－Ｈｕ（ＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔＰｌａｔｅａｕＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ，ＴｈｅＣｈｉｎ...     

略谈真菌和植物之间的相互关系

真菌曾被列入植物的范畴，被作为植物学的一个分支学科的研究对象，它们被看作一类不含叶绿体的植物。目前已经了解，在地球上真菌的种类在１００万种以上，而维管植物的种类在３０－３５万种之间。因此，研究和了解地球上这两组庞大的生物群体之间的相互关系是十分有意义的，也是目前非常活跃的科学领域。真菌和植物之间的相互作用，有相互依赖，也即相生的一面。现代化石和分子方面的证据证实，真菌和植物的这种相互作用是从远古开始的，是从这二组生物群体出现在陆地上就开始的。事实上，学者认为，最远古、最原始的植物可能是借助于同真…