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101.
金丝猴属的DNA序列变异及进化与保护遗传学研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
金丝猴的分类及系统发育存在许多争议。本文测定了2只川金丝猴、8只滇金丝猴、1只越南金丝猴和1只灰叶猴的253bp的线粒体细胞色素b基因的序列。其中47个位点(19%)检出变异。我们采用简约法、最大似然法和距离法构建了一系列的分子系统树,得到相同的拓扑结构,从而可能在分子水平澄清了金丝猴属的系统发育。结果表明,云南金丝猴与越南金丝猴间的关系较与川金丝猴的为近。金丝猴属的分化大约发生在2~6百万年以前。这3种金丝猴均是独立的种,且都应归入金丝猴属。对8只来自野外的滇金丝猴(其中包括了昆明动物研究所圈养群体的所有6只创立者)的非损伤性遗传分析提示,编号为YK2的母猴是维持该圈养群体遗传多样性的关键猴。我们建立的这种非损伤性遗传分析方法广泛适用于珍稀濒危动物的遗传多样性及遗传管理研究。 相似文献
102.
水稻线粒体DNA雄性不育有关特异片段的克隆及序列分析 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
应用任意单引物聚合酶链反应技术,从水稻WA 型雄性不育系的线粒体DNA 中得到一个特异的扩增片段R2-630 WA。以该片段为探针进行Southern 杂交分析检测到在雄性不育胞质与正常可育胞质间存在的线粒体DNA 多态性。不育系珍汕97A 和其F1 杂种的杂交图谱相同。而保持系珍汕97B和恢复系明恢63 的杂交图谱一样。序列测定该片段全长629 bp,其碱基组成A+ T= 54.1% ,同源性比较结果显示, 该片段与1236 个已报道的植物基因(包括16 个水稻线粒体基因)序列的同源性均小于50% 。序列内含有一个长度为10 bp 的反向重复序列5-ACCATATGGT-3,位于262—272 区段。另外,其379—439 区段可编码一个含20个氨基酸残基的短肽。上述结果表明,R2-630 WA 片段确与水稻野败型雄性不育密切相关。推测反向重复序列5-ACCATATGGT-3在细胞质雄性不育性状形成中,可能起着重要作用 相似文献
103.
Thirty-eight strains of 12Microsporum and 10Arthroderma (Nannizzia) species were investigated by analysis of mitochondrial DNA with 6 restriction enzymes, and classified into 13 genetic groups. The phylogenetic tree of the 13 groups thus established was constructed. On the tree,M. audouinii, M. langeronii, M. rivalieri, M. distortum, M. equinum, M. ferrugineum andA. otae comprise one genetic group and are suggested to be the same species.A. gypseum, A. fulvum, M. duboisii, M. ripariae, A. incurvatum, A. persicolor andA. obtusum are clustered on one of five boughs of the tree indicating their close relation.A. racemosum andA. cajetani are also closely related. 相似文献
104.
P. M. Matthews R. M. Brown K. Morten D. Marchington J. Poulton G. Brown 《Human genetics》1995,96(3):261-268
Studies in vitro have shown that a respiratorydeficient phenotype is expressed by cells when the proportion of mtDNA with a disease-associated mutation exceeds a threshold level, but analysis of tissues from patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes (MELAS) have failed to show a consistent relationship between the degree of heteroplasmy and biochemical expression of the defect. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is that there is variation of heteroplasmy between individual cells that is not adequately reflected by the mean heteroplasmy for a tissue. We have confirmed this by study of fibroblast clones from subjects heteroplasmic for the MELAS 3243 (A G) mtDNA mutation. Similar observations were made with fibroblast clones derived from two subjects heteroplasmic for the 11778 (GA) mtDNA mutation of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. For the MELAS 3243 mutation, the distribution of mutant mtDNA between different cells was not randomly distributed about the mean, suggesting that selection against cells with high proportions of mutant mtDNA had occurred. To explore the way in which heteroplasmic mtDNA segregates in mitosis we followed the distribution of heteroplasmy between clones over approximately 15 generations. There was either no change or a decrease in the variance of intercellular heteroplasmy for the MELAS 3243 mutation, which is most consistent with segregation of heteroplasmic units of multiple mtDNA molecules in mitosis. After mitochondria from one of the MELAS 3243 fibroblast cultures were transferred to a mitochondrial DNA-free (0) cell line derived from osteosarcoma cells by cytoplast fusion, the mean level and intercellular distribution of heteroplasmy was unchanged. We interpret this as evidence that somatic segregation (rather than nuclear background or cell differentiation state) is the primary determinant of the level of heteroplasmy. 相似文献
105.
Antibodies were raised in rabbits against the outer membrane of Neurospora mitochondria. Antibodies were obtained that were specific for this membrane's major polypeptide () and its slower-migrating derivatives on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. These antibodies inhibited the insertion into phospholipid bilayers of voltage-dependent ion channels from detergent extracts of the mitochondrial outer membranes. The same antibodies bound preferentially to membranes containing crystalline surface arrays in outer mitochondrial membrane fractions. These results indicate that the 31 kDa polypeptide is a component both of the ion channels and of the membrane arrays, suggesting identity between the functional and structural entities. 相似文献
106.
Giuseppe Paradies 《BBA》1984,766(2):446-450
The binding of α-cyanocinnamate to rat-heart mitochondrial membrane was investigated using α-cyano[14C]cinnamate. The binding was correlated to the inhibition of pyruvate transport. The results obtained demonstrate that both these functions reach saturation at the same titre of the inhibitor. Quantitative parameters of α-cyano[14C]cinnamate binding have been determined. The binding can be prevented by pyruvate and other substrates of the carrier but not by acetate. Pyruvate decreases the affinity of α-cyanocinnamate binding, leaving the maximum number of binding unchanged. It is concluded that rat-heart mitochondria contain a specific site at which α-cyanocinnamate binds which is directly involved in the inhibition of pyruvate transport. 相似文献
107.
Green plant cells can generate ATP in both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Hence the effect of photosynthesis on dark mitochondrial respiration can be considered at a variety of levels. Turnover of ceitric acid cycle dehydrogenases, which is essential for supply of carbon skeletons for amino acid synthesis, seems to be largely unaffected during photosynthesis. The source of carbon for the anaplerotic function of the citric acid cycle in light is however, not known with certainty. NADH generated in these reactions is probably not oxidised via the mitochondrial electron transfer chain coupled to ATP synthesis. However, it may be oxidised by the alternative cyanide-insensitive pathway, exported to the cytosol via the oxaloacetate-malate dicarboxylate shuttle or directly utilised for cytosolic nitrate reduction. Oxidation of succinate via cytochrome oxidase may also be similarly inhibited in light. Whether increase in the cytosolic ATP/ADP ratio in light is responsible for the inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer to O2 is not clearly established, because the ATP/ADP ratio is reported to be already quite high in the dark. Effective collaboration between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation in order to maintain the cytosolic energy charge at a present high level is discussed. 相似文献
108.
Transport of the precursor for carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I into mitochondria in Reuber hepatoma H-35 cells was inhibited by adding monensin or nigericin to the culture medium at a concentration of 0.5 microM, and the enzyme precursor accumulated, mainly in the cytosolic fraction. Accumulated precursor was degraded slowly with a half-life of more than 16 min. Valinomycin, nonactin, A23187, X-537A (lasalocid), bromo-lasalocid, and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone did not exhibit these effects at concentrations at which they did not inhibit protein synthesis of the cells. 相似文献
109.
Dr. T. S. Sætersdal R. Myklebust H. Engedal S. Ødegaarden 《Cell and tissue research》1978,186(1):13-24
Summary The substructure of the inner mitochondrial membranes has been studied by cryo-ultramicrotomy under conditions during which denaturation of proteins by treatment with chemical solutes has been totally avoided. In such preparations, the inner membrane has a substructure consisting of globular subunits. These subunits have an average diameter of ca. 20Å–ca. 62Å and are fairly regularly spaced. Intracristal space is absent in the unstained, freeze-dried preparations, whereas a space of ca 40Å is seen in preparations lightly treated by OsO4-vapour. It is concluded that the subunits of the inner mitochondrial membranes probably consist either of single protein molecules or of complexes of protein molecules.This work was supported by grants from The Norwegian Council on Cardiovascular Disease and from The Norwegian Research Council for Science and the Humanities 相似文献
110.