理解运动行为抑制调控的新视角：乙酰胆碱门控氯离子通道受体

Acetylcholine, the first identified neurotransmitter, plays crucial roles in various brain functions. One well-known case is its involvement as an activating neurotransmitter in the regulation of locomotion. However, its inhibitory regulatory role, particularly in locomotion, remains poorly understood. In a study conducted by Polat et al., the authors investigated the inhibitory role of acetylcholine in locomotion in C. elegans. In this organism, the acetylcholine-gated chloride channel receptor consists of four subunits. The authors thoroughly examined the loss-of-function of each subunit in movement regulation. Interestingly, the mutant worms were still capable of performing various movements such as forward, backward crawling, and turning, suggesting that the overall movement was not significantly affected. However, quantitative behavior analysis revealed subtle yet significant differences in the timing and postures of the movement in these mutants. Furthermore, the authors employed optogenetics to stimulate a specific neuron involved in backward crawling and demonstrated that the loss-of-function of the receptors in individual neurons affects the transitioning between locomotion modes. This work provides evidence for the inhibitory regulatory role of acetylcholine in locomotion. The loss-of-function of acetylcholine-gated chloride channel receptors likely disrupts the balance of neuronal and circuit physiology, thereby affecting the regulation of locomotion. Moreover, this study highlights the powerful role of quantitative behavior analysis in discovering and understanding more sophisticated functions of neural circuits.     

杨梅黄素及蛇葡萄素对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用

杨梅黄素及蛇葡萄素对酪氨酸有显著的抑制作用,２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｌ－多巴浓度下,５０％抑制的药物浓度分别为０．０８２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ及０．２０８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,用Ｌ－多巴作底物,蛇葡萄素对酪氨酸酶是竞争性抑制,其Ｋ是０．０８５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ;而杨梅黄素对酪氨酸酶则是混合性抑制,其Ｋｉ与Ｋｆｉ分别是０．０２６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ与０．０７２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

灵芝对小鼠空间分辨学习与记忆的影响

本文用Y-型迷宫法测试小鼠空间分辨行为。实验结果表明,每日ig灵芝2.58/kg共7d,有明显促进学习的作用。每日ig灵芝2.5g/kg共7d或ig灵芝5g/kg共7d都能显著地拮坑东莨菪碱所致学习障碍的作用。此外,学习训练后立即ig灵芝2.5g/kg或ig灵芝5g/kg也有明显地改善东莨菪碱损害记忆巩固的作用。     

东北鼢鼠种群生长指标的主分量分析

东北鼢鼠种群生长指标的主分量分析ＰＲＩＮＣＩＰＡＬＣＯＭＰＯＮＥＮＴＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＧＲＯＷＴＨＩＮＤＥＸＯＦＰＯＰＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＦＯＲＭＡＮＣＨＵＲＩＡＮＺＯＫＯＲ（ＭＹＯＰＡＬＡＸＰＳＩＬＵＲＡＳ）东北鼢鼠（Ｍｙｏｐａｌａｘｐｓｉｌｕｒａｓ...     

鳜鱼的耗氧率及其池塘养殖

本文较详细地报道了鳜鱼的耗氧率和窒息点,并对鳜鱼和作其饲料的鱼同池饲养的可能性进行了探讨。结果表明,鳜鱼耗氧量和体重正相关（ｒ＝０．９９）,耗氧率与体重反相关（ｒ＝－０．９７）;在水温２０℃,鱼种耗氧率约为０．１４ｍｇ／ｇ．ｈ．,成鱼约为０．１２ｍｇ／ｇ．ｈ．;耗氧量和耗氧率均与水温正相关（ｒ＝０．９０,ｒ＝０．９４）,水温１３—３０℃时,体重２３０±１１．７ｇ的鳜鱼。耗氧量为１４．３１—４２．１３ｍｇ／尾。ｈ．,耗氧率为０．０５９—０．１７５ｍｇ／ｇ．ｈ．;鳜鱼耗氧率昼夜变化与家鱼相反,黄昏至凌晨是高峰期,为０．１２—０．１５ｍｇ／ｇ．ｈ．（Ｔ＝２０℃）,白天是低谷期,为０．０７—０．１０ｍｇ／ｇ．ｈ;;鳜鱼的窒息点与家鱼类较接近,变化范围为０．４５—０．７６ｍｇ／Ｌ;鳜鱼和作其饲料的鱼在同一池塘中饲养,既可持续不断地提供鳜鱼充足的适口饵料,又简单易行,成本低,效益高,有较大的价值。     

珠子参叶的三萜皂甙成分

珠子参(Panax japonicus C.A.Meyer var.major(Burk.)Wu et Feng)是五加科人参属植物,产于东喜马拉雅至我国西部山区。在云南西北部海拔3000—4000米的亚高山针叶林和落叶阔叶林下可呈片生长。民间用其根茎治疗跌打损伤、筋骨疼痛、毒蛇咬伤,及止咳祛痰、止血等。最近,我们从珠子参根茎中分离到七个皂甙成分,经鉴定其中五个为已知化合物,即:人参甙(ginsenside)Ro(9)、竹节参甙(chikuse_tsuaponin)Ⅳ_α(10)、20-O-葡萄糖基-人参甙R_f(20-O-gluco-ginsenoside Rf)(5)、     

第19次日美霍乱协作会议侧记

<正>第19次日美霍乱协作会议于1983年10月17日至19日在美国国立卫生研究所召开。会议宣读的论文日本方面11篇,美国方面28篇,共计39篇。此外还有美国的23篇书面材料,所有资料均很有意义。美国方面的研究范围广泛,以上接论文报告顺序作一扼要介绍。