An initial attempt to map carbonate buildups using Ground-Penetrating Radar: An example from the Upper Jurassic of SW-Germany

Summary Although carbonate buildups host important hydrocarbon reservoirs and industrial minerals, relatively little is known about their three-dimensional architecture. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR, “Georadar”) studies provide the opportunity to reconstruct both their internal anatomy and external geometry. This short paper reports an initial attempt to map some Upper Jurassic sponge/algal buildups in the Upper Jurassic of SW-Germany using georadar. Several distinct radar facies types can be distinguished and calibrated to lithofacies in adjacent quarry outcrops. Mapping of the radar facies types reveals the potential to reconstruct the distribution of “buildup” versus other facies. Moreover, it highlights the need of obtaining more closely spaced radar lines in order to arrive at a high-resolution image.     

黄海车牛山岛白腰雨燕的食性分析及其在巢区活动的雷达测定

食性分析结果表明,白腰雨燕Apus P.pacificus的食物概为昆虫,隶属于9个目。雷达的测定证实它们在巢区的活动和气候、昆虫有着密切的联系。对它们活动规律的研究,必将有助于探索空中昆虫的迁移、扩散生态学特性以及昆虫在分布区内的动态规律。     

Movements of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) inhabiting cereal fields: a field tracing study

Summary The individual movements of four carabid species were investigated by tracing beetles in the field using a portable radar system (harmonic radar). The field-inhabiting a Pterostichus melanarius Illiger, P. niger Schaller and Harpalus rufipes De Geer were traced in cereal fields. The movements of P. melanarius Mnd P. niger were also tracked in a wood and then compared with the movements of the forest-species Carabus nemoralis Müller. P. melanarius and P. niger displayed directed movements in cereal fields, although P. niger moved faster than P. melanarius. The movement pattern of H. rufipes in the field, and C. nemoralis and P. malanarius in the wood can be described as a c correlated random walk. In cereal fields, P. melanarius burrowed actively into the soil, and P. niger searched out crevices. In contrast, none of these two carabids burrowed in the forest soil, whereas C. nemoralis did. No statistically significant difference was observed between the movements of hungry and satiated beetles, although starved beetles tended to disperse shorter distances per move and turned back more often (especially P. niger). The significance of the various movement patterns exhibited by the species studied for their reproduction and survival on arable land is discussed.