基于16S rDNA和28S rDNA D2基因序列与形态特征联合分析的中国角顶叶蝉亚科系统发育研究（半翅目： 叶蝉科）

首次在国内利用28S rDNA D2区段和16S rDNA基因序列,结合50个形态特征对角顶叶蝉亚科(Deltocephalinae)［半翅目（Hemiptera）: 叶蝉科（Cicadellidae）］19个属进行系统发育分析研究。从无水乙醇浸泡保存的标本中提取基因组DNA并扩增了19个内群和1种外群Typhlocybinae［半翅目(Hemiptera): 叶蝉科(Cicadellidae)］种类的28S rDNA D2基因片段并测序,同时扩增了16S rDNA基因片段并测序11条,采用了GenBank中1个种类的16S rDNA同源序列。采用PAUP*4.0和MrBayes3.0两个分析软件和3种建树方法,利用同源28S D2 rDNA和16S rDNA两个基因序列与形态特征结合进行系统发育分析研究。分析结果表明,二叉叶蝉族Macrostelini是一个单系,并在角顶叶蝉亚科的系统发育中处于基部的位置,是内群中最原始的族;角顶叶蝉族Deltocephalini中除了纹翅叶蝉属Nakaharanus,其余各属构成单系;殃叶蝉族Euscelini内属的归属比较混乱,可能是一个并系群,属间差异有待进一步研究。隆额叶蝉族Paralimnini与顶带叶蝉族Athysanini是姐妹群。带叶蝉属Scaphoideus与纹翅叶蝉属Nakaharanus是姐妹群,二者与木叶蝉属Phlogotettix的关系最近,三者构成一个单系,建议将三者归为带叶蝉族Scaphoideini。研究结果还表明,小眼叶蝉族Xestocephalini和Balcluthini的系统发育位置不明,有待进一步研究。     

Survival,fecundity, and body mass of Amplicephalus curtulus influenced by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi’ (16SrV‐A) infection

The leafhopper Amplicephalus curtulus Linnavuori & DeLong (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) can transmit ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi’ (16SrV‐A) from a native Chilean shrub, Ugni molinae Turcz. (Myrtaceae), to ryegrasses. A recent study showed that this phytoplasma reduced the total protein content and the activity of detoxifying enzymes in A. curtulus, which could also affect its vector fitness. This study evaluated the effect of ‘Ca. Phytoplasma ulmi’ on the longevity, fecundity, and body mass of A. curtulus. Both females and males were exposed to ‘Ca. Phytoplasma ulmi’‐infected plants for 96 h, whereas a control group remained unexposed. Quartiles from adult emergence to 75% (t₇₅), 50% (t₅₀), and 25% (t₂₅) survival rates were determined for each leafhopper survival distribution. The dry weight was also established at the end of the experiment. The adult lifespan of phytoplasma‐infected males and females was significantly lower than that of the uninfected leafhoppers in quartile survival distributions t₅₀ and t₂₅. The phytoplasma‐infected males and females lived 3 and 4 weeks less than uninfected ones in the last quartile, respectively. Fecundity was established by number of nymphs per female (in four periods) in phytoplasma‐infected and uninfected assays. In general, the weekly pattern of the number of nymphs per phytoplasma‐infected female was lower than that of uninfected leafhoppers; it was 37% lower at the end of the experiment. Phytoplasma‐infected females weighed significantly less (11%) than uninfected individuals. Phytoplasma‐infected males weighed 8% less than uninfected ones, but this difference was not significant. Our data indicated that ‘Ca. Phytoplasma ulmi’ negatively affected the fitness of A. curtulus, and nymphs produced by phytoplasma‐infected females varied over time, which may influence the disease dynamics in nature or in field crops.     

Key to the tribes and genera of deltocephaline leafhoppers (auchenorrhyncha, hemiptera, cicadellidae) of pakistan

A key with accompanying figures is provided for the 14 tribes and 35 genera of Deltocephalinae (Cicadellidae) from Pakistan.     

Variation in vector competency depends on chrysanthemum yellows phytoplasma distribution within Euscelidius variegatus

Phytoplasmas are plant‐pathogenic Mollicutes transmitted by leafhoppers, planthoppers, and psyllids in a persistent propagative manner. Chrysanthemum yellows phytoplasma (CY) is a member of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’, 16Sr‐IB, and is transmitted by at least three leafhopper species, Macrosteles quadripunctulatus Kirschbaum, Euscelidius variegatus Kirschbaum, and Euscelis incisus Kirschbaum (all Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae). Although M. quadripunctulatus transmits CY with very high efficiency (near 100%), 25% of E. variegatus repeatedly fail to transmit CY. The aims of this work were to correlate vector ability with different pathogen distribution in the insect body and to investigate the role of midgut and salivary glands as barriers to CY transmission. Euscelidius variegatus individuals acquired CY by feeding on infected plants or by abdominal microinjection of a phytoplasma‐enriched suspension. Insects were individually tested for transmission on daisy seedlings [Chrysanthemum carinatum Schousboe (Asteraceae)], and thereafter analysed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for CY concentration on whole insects or separately on heads and the rest of the body. Hoppers were classified as early and late transmitters or non‐transmitters, according to the time inoculated plants required for expression of CY symptoms. Similar transmission efficiencies were achieved following feeding or abdominal microinjection, suggesting that salivary glands may be a major barrier to transmission. Following acquisition from infected plants, all transmitters tested positive by PCR, and 60% of non‐transmitters also tested positive although with a significantly lower CY concentration. This indicates that a minimum number of phytoplasma cells may be required for successful transmission. The midgut may have prevented phytoplasma entry into the haemocoel of PCR‐negative non‐transmitters. Results suggest that both midgut and salivary glands may act as barriers. To assess the effect on CY transmission of a specific parasitic bacterium of E. variegatus, tentatively named BEV (Bacterium Euscelidius variegatus), we established a BEV‐infected population by abdominal microinjection of BEV bacteria. The presence of BEV did not significantly alter the efficiency of CY transmission.     

巴基斯坦角顶叶蝉亚科两新纪录属（半翅目：叶蝉科）

报道巴基斯坦角顶叶蝉亚科1新纪录属Changwhania Kwon和1新纪录亚属Limotettix(Scleroracus)Van Duzee,并记述2新纪录种Changwhania ceylonensis Baker,1925 n.rec.和Limotettix(Scleroracus)cacheolus n.rec.。     

中国叉索叶蝉属一新种(同翅目:叶蝉科:角顶叶蝉亚科)

叉索叶蝉属Neurotettix Matsumura隶属于角顶叶蝉亚科Deltocephalinae圆冠叶蝉族Athysanini,由Matsumura(1914)根据我国台湾的Neurotettix horishanus 为模式种建立,当时仅知1种.Ishihara(1963)对该属进行了重新描记并补充了雄性外生殖器特征.蔡平等(1999)报道了河南宝天曼的1个新种--双叉叉索叶蝉Neurotettix bifurcatus.本文记述采自我国湖南的1个新种脊茎叉索叶蝉Neurotettix flangenus, sp. nov.,至此,该属全世界已知3种,全部分布在我国.模式标本保存在西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆.脊茎叉索叶蝉Neurotettix flangenus, 新种 (图1)新种与Neurotettix horishanus Matsumura相似,但本新种阳茎干较短,端部两侧有侧脊,而后者阳茎干细长,端部向背面弯曲、无突起或脊.本新种也与双叉叉索叶蝉Neurotettix bifurcatus Cai et Shen相似,但本新种端部两侧具脊,后者阳茎端部背缘有1对长突、腹缘有1对短突,明显不同.正模♂,湖南郴州苏仙岭,1985-Ⅶ-18,张雅林、柴勇辉;副模1♀,湖南郴州,1985-Ⅶ-5,张雅林、柴勇辉;1♀,湖南郴州,1985-Ⅶ-16,张雅林、柴勇辉;1♀,湖南郴州,1985-Ⅶ-23,张雅林、柴勇辉.     

中国横春叶蝉属一新种记述（同翅目：叶蝉科：角顶叶蝉亚科）

横春叶蝉属 H engchunia Vilbaste隶属于角顶叶蝉亚科 Deltocephalinae隆脊叶蝉族Paralimini,由 Vilbaste( 1 969)根据分布我国台湾的 H engchunia koshunensis( Matsumu-ra,1 91 4 )为模式种建立 ,当时仅知 1种。Remane & Asche ( 1 980 )建立 1新属 Pseupalus,仅包括模式种 1种 ,Webb & Heller ( 1 990 )又报道该属 3新种。 Asche & Webb ( 1 994)对上述两属进行比较后确认 Pseupalus是横春叶蝉属 H engchunia的异名 ,并发表 4新种。本文记述采自我国海南的 1新种 :短突横春叶蝉 H engchunia breviproducta,sp.nov.,至此 ,该属全世界已知 1 0种 ,我国已知 2种。短突横春叶蝉模式标本保存在西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆。短突横春叶蝉 Hengchunia breviproducta,新种 (图 1～ 1 0 )本新种与 H engchunia javana Asche & Webb,1 994相似 ,二者阳茎端部均有 1对伸向背侧缘的小突起 ,可与本属其它种相区别 ,但本新种阳茎前腔腹部突起较阳茎干短 ,阳基侧突端部仅有 1个伸向外侧的突起 ,无小的内脊 ,不同于后者。正模 :♂ ,海南两院 ,灯诱 ,1 983 - -0 1 ,张雅林。副模 :1♂ ,海南琼中 ,1 983 - -0 4,张雅林 ;1♀ ,海南通什 ,灯诱 ,1 983 - -0 7,张雅林。