海南蛛毛苣苔属一新种

Species P.swinhoii(Hance)Burtt affinis,sed foliis margine obtuse dentatibus,cymis umbelliformibus axillaribus,corollils lilacino—albis,lobis corollarum longioribus,capsulis brevioribus tantum 0.8-1.5 cm longis differt．     

内循环气升式生物反应器培养甘草细胞

自行设计研制了７Ｌ,９Ｌ及２５Ｌ内循环气升式生物反应器,并应用于甘草细胞的放大培养研究。在接种量为８％（Ｗ／Ｖ）通气率为０．２—０．２５ｖｖｍ的条件下,甘草细胞在反应器中生长迅速。其中在９Ｌ反应器中生长最好,最高生物量达１６．２５ｇ／Ｌ,生长速率达０．９ｇ／Ｌ．ｄ,均高于摇瓶培养。培养过程中ｐＨ值、溶氧状况通过电极自动显示记录,说明设计的气升式生物反应器适合于甘草细胞的大规模培养。     

甘草根瘤菌的16S rDNA全序列测定及系统进化分析

通过对西北干旱半干旱地区68株甘草根瘤菌的表型多样性和抗逆性分离研究,发现1个新类群和1个具有较高抗逆性的菌株。对其中心菌株CCNWGX022和高抗性菌株CCNWGX035进行16S rDNA全序列测定及系统进化研究。结果表明,CCNWGX022和CCNWGX035与中慢生根瘤菌属内参比菌株的16S rDNA相似性分别大于96．8％和98．3％,因此它们均属于中慢生根瘤菌属。     

Improving Glycyrrhiza uralensis salt tolerance with N+ ion irradiation

Low energy (25 keV) N⁺ ions were implanted into liquorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) seeds at a fluency of either zero (control) or 900 × (2.6 × 10¹³) ions/cm². After irradiation, all the seeds were planted in the plastic pots for a growth period of one month. Thereafter, the seedlings in the pot were subjected to saline stress at 600 mM for about 3 days. The morphological and physiological characteristics such as total chlorophyll content, proline level, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ATPase, and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction in seedling roots were investigated. Our results indicated that ion irradiation significantly increased the shoot height, leaflet number, taproot lenght, lateral root number, and shoot and root weights of liquorice seedlings with or without saline stress. Furthermore, the total chlorophyll content, proline level, SOD, POD, CAT, ATPase activities, and root TTC reduction vigor of seedlings were all found to be significantly increased under saline stress by ion irradiation compared with their corresponding controls. These results indicated that ion irradiation can strengthen the resistance of liquorice seedlings to saline stress and may have a potential application for the improvement of plants in sand areas.     

Relationship between Ethylene and Spermidine in the Leaves of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Seedlings under Root Osmotic Stress1

The correlation between ethylene (ETH) production and spermidine (Spd) content was studied in the leaves of Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings under root osmotic stress. After 4-h root osmotic stress, Spd inhibited ETH production significantly while ETH had no significant influence on Spd content in leaves. After 24-h root osmotic stress, ETH production and Spd content showed significant negative correlations in leaves, and the negative correlations were still significant even if the common precursor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) was abundant. This result suggested that the significant negative correlations were not mainly caused by the competition for the common precursor SAM. The results also showed that, after 24-h root osmotic stress, ETH enhanced while Spd reduced the production rate of H₂O₂ and markedly in leaves; furthermore, exogenous H₂O₂ accelerated the increase in ETH production and the decrease in Spd content caused by deep stress. So it could be concluded that reactive oxygen species played important roles in the significant negative correlations in the deeply stressed leaves of G. uralensis seedlings.     

膜荚甘草和无腺毛甘草(豆科)的名实问题

在考证了模式标本、查阅了大量腊叶标本的基础上,结合野外居群生物学调查工作,作者认为膜荚甘草GlycyrrhizakorshinskyiGrig.和无腺毛甘草G.eglandulosaX.Y.Li作为独立的种不能成立,应处理为乌拉甘草G.uralensisFisch.exDC.的异名。     

Development of selection method for Glycyrrhiza uralensis superior clones with high-glycyrrhizic acid contents using DNA sequence polymorphisms in glycyrrhizic acid biosynthetic genes

Glycyrrhiza plants are important resources for sweeteners and medicines, because underground parts of them contain glycyrrhizic acid (GL), which has sweet taste and various pharmacological activities (ex. anti-inflammatory, antiallergy, antiviral activity, etc.). Although such importance of them, their supply still depends principally on the collection of wild plants. Therefore, it is an important issue to develop stable and efficient production system of Glycyrrhiza plants. To overcome this problem, we established the hydroponic cultivation system of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and selected superior G. uralensis clones with high-GL contents in the containment greenhouse. In this study, we aimed to develop a method of selecting these superior G. uralensis clones by DNA sequence polymorphisms in biosynthetic genes. Among the DNA sequences of GL biosynthetic key enzyme gene (CYP88D6), we found Glycyrrhiza species and clone-specific polymorphisms in intronic regions. By using these polymorphisms, discrimination among Glycyrrhiza species and G. uralensis clones became possible. Furthermore, the appearance frequency of superior clone-specific alleles in cloned CYP88D6 sequences was correlated with GL contents in crude drugs collected from the Japanese market. We also observed the tendency that G. uralensis seedlings having superior clone-specific alleles of CYP88D6 gene showed higher secondary metabolite productivity than those without the alleles. These results indicated that superior clone-specific alleles of CYP88D6 gene could be applied as DNA markers for selecting G. uralensis clones accumulating high secondary metabolites.