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121.
Abstract: The influence of putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and some aliphatic α,ω-diamines on the uptake of neurotransmitters by rat forebrain synaptosomes was investigated. Choline uptake was most effectively inhibited by spermine (IC50 = 0.22 m M ), less so by spermidine (IC50 = 4.0 m M ), but not by putrescine (IC50 > 100 m M ). At 10 m M, 1,3-diaminopropane, cadaverine, and 1,8-diaminooctane all inhibited choline uptake by 50% or more. Spermine and spermidine inhibited the uptake of dopamine with IC50 values of 2.7 and 2.2 m M , respectively. Putrescine was only slightly inhibitory (IC50 = 17.3 m M ) and the other diamines were inactive. The uptake of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) was only slightly inhibited (15–40%) by the polyamines at 10 m M . With the exception of inhibition of glycine uptake by 1,8-diaminooctane (60%) and of glutamate uptake by cadaverine (35%) none of the polyamines, tested at 10 m M , affected the uptake of adenosine, glutamate, and glycine significantly. A possible modulatory role for polyamines in synaptic transmission through interaction by negatively charged groups of the synaptic membrane with the polycationic compounds is discussed. 相似文献
122.
自生条件下,测定准噶尔盆地南部的68株根瘤菌吸氢活力,获得一株Hup~+的冬箭筈豌豆根瘤菌C_(48)。经与紫云英根瘤菌株109及89比较,两者氢酶表达的最适pH相同;温度分别以20或30℃为宜;Ni~(2+)显著促进吸氢表达,但C_(48)还受Co~(2+ )、Mg~(2+)、Cu~(2+)的促进;紫云英根瘤菌的氨酶表达受碳水化合物抑制较冬箭筈豌豆根瘤菌明显。此外,自生条件下生长的Hup—菌株,经与宿主共生后,Hup~+的百分率大为增加。 相似文献
123.
Summary There are many contradictory observations on the mechanohydraulic relation of growing higher plant cells and tissues. Graphical analysis of the simultaneous equations which govern irreversible wall yielding and water absorption has made more comprehensive the understanding of this relation when relative growth rate is plotted against turgor pressure. It suggests that some respiration-dependent and auxin sensitive process might regulate the difference of osmotic potential between cells and water source. Based on anatomical and electrophysiological knowledge of the pea stem xylem, we propose the wall canal system as the mechanism of respiration-dependent water uptake which is sensitive to auxin. This system consists of the xylem apoplastic walls, the xylem proton pumps, active solute uptake system and cell membranes. In the simplest case, third-order simultaneous differential equations are involved. Numerical analysis showed that net uptake of solutes enables water to be taken up against an opposing gradient of water potential. The behaviour of this wall canal system describes well the mechano-hydraulic relation of enlarging plant cells and tissues. Recent typical, but incompatible, interpretations of this relation are critically discussed based on our model.Abbreviations V
the volume of enlarging symplast
-
the average extensibility of the wall
- Pi
turgor pressure
- Y
the yield threshold of the wall
- L
the relative hydraulic conductance
-
the solute reflection coefficient of the plasmamembrane
- Ci
the osmotic concentration of the symplast cells
- Cx
the osmotic concentration of the xylem vessels
- Px
hydrostatic pressure in the xylem vessels
- R
the gas constant
- T
absolute temperature
- o
water potential of xylem fluid
- i
water potential of symplast cells 相似文献
124.
In 12 h fasted rats, rates of muscle protein synthesis were stimulated by refeeding for 1 h and by intragastric or intravenous infusion of an amino acid plus glucose mixture for 1 hr, but not by intravenous infusion of amino acids alone for 1 h. Intravenous injection of anti-insulin serum suppressed the response to feeding and to intragastric infusion, but not to intravenous infusion. It is concluded that the response of muscle protein synthesis to food intake is mediated by both insulin and amino acids acting in concert. 相似文献
125.
Changes in protein and fatty acid compositions of flounder sarcoplasmic reticulum during NADH plus ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidationin vitro were related to the ability of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to sequester Ca+2. Progressive accumulation of high-molecular-weight protein components occurred concomitantly with loss of Ca+2-sequestering activity. Part of this polymerized protein may be the dimer or trimer of Ca+2, Mg+2-ATPase. Loss in Ca+2, Mg+2-ATPase protein could account for over 60% of the polymerized protein. Rate of loss of polyunsaturated fatty acids was C22:6>C20:4>C20:5>C22:5. Loss of polyunsaturated fatty acids and accumulation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances occurred concomitantly with protein polymerization. 相似文献
126.
Lemna gibba L., grown in the presence or absence of Fe, reduced extracellular ferricyanide with a V
max of 3.09 mol · g-1 fresh weight · h-1 and a K
m of 115 M. However, Fe3+-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was reduced only after Fe-starvation. External electron acceptors such as ferricyanide, Fe3+-EDTA, 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol or methylene blue induced a membrane depolarization of up to 100 mV, but electron donors such as ferrocyanide or NADH had no effect. Light or glucose enhanced ferricyanide reduction while the concomitant membrane depolarization was much smaller. Under anaerobic conditions, ferricyanide had no effect on electrical membrane potential difference (Em). Ferricyanide reduction induced H+ and K+ release in a ratio of 1.16 H++1 K+/2 e- (in +Fe plants) and 1.28 H++0.8 K+/2 e- (in -Fe plants). Anion uptake was inhibited by ferricyanide reduction. It is concluded that the steady-state transfer of electrons and protons proceeds by separate mechanisms, by a redox system and by a H+-ATPase.Abbreviations
E
m
electrical membrane potential difference
- EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- DCPIP
dichlorophenol indophenol
- +Fe
control plant
- -Fe
iron-deficient plant
- FW
fresh weight
- H+
electrochemical proton gradient 相似文献
127.
Vacuoles isolated from the storage roots of red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) accumulate sucrose via two different mechanisms. One mechanism transports sucrose directly, and its rate is increased by the addition of MgATP. The other mechanism utilizes uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-glucose) to synthesize and simultaneously transport sucrose phosphate and sucrose into the vacuole. This group translocation mechanism has also been found in sugarcane vacuoles. As in sugarcane, the beet group translocator does not require fructose 6-phosphate, nor is the latter substance transported into the vacuole. The uptake of UDP[14C]glucose in inhibited by high concentrations of osmoticum.Abbreviations EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- Hepes
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
- UDP
uridine 5-diphosphate 相似文献
128.
The rate of photosynthetic nitrate utilization in Anacystis nidulans is strongly influenced by the availability of carbon dioxide. This dependence can be relieved by inhibiting the metabolism of the ammonium derived from nitrate reduction. Nitrate uptake seems to be modulated through a sensitive regulatory system integrating the photosynthetic metabolism of carbon and nitrogen, with CO2 fixation products antagonizing the inhibitory effect of ammonium derivatives. 相似文献
129.
E. K. Sadanandan Nambiar 《Plant and Soil》1983,71(1-3):37-47
Summary In south-east Australia, where radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) is grown on sandy soils low in nutrients and short of water, early establishment, and rapid growth to canopy closure lead to increased productivity. At this stage demands for nutrients and water are high, and trees respond vigorously to silvicultural inputs.For several months after transplanting in winter roots are confined within a narrow planting wedge, low temperature restricts new root growth and slows recovery from water stress in plants. From spring, depending upon the configuration and vigour of the roots transplanted, lateral roots extend radially throughout the soil.Although there were small decreases in concentration of roots radially from the stems of very young trees, such spatial differences disappeared between ages 2 and 3, so that rooting density was independent of distance from the stem. The pattern of vertical distribution of lateral roots was not influenced by age and 80–90% of the lateral roots were within the top 30 cm soil. Roots developed rapidly as the trees grew towards canopy closure, but in general the rooting densities of these pines are among the lowest reported for plants. In rapidly growing trees approaching canopy closure, the secondary thickening of the lateral roots was sufficient to double the weight of roots without altering root length.Knowledge about root growth and root configuration during the early phase of plantation development will assist management decisions where intensive silviculture is practiced, and hence ensure the most efficient use of nutrients and water. 相似文献
130.
Apple trees ( Malus pumila Mill . var. domestica Fuji/ Malus prunifolia rootstock) showed a high susceptibility to bitter pit when supplyed with ammonium salt instead of nitrate (control) in the nutrient solution. When apple fruit was affected by bitter pit, a lower calcium as well as a higher nitrogen and ammonium-nitrogen contents was observed in the fruit flesh near the calyx end. The activity of the mitochondrial Ca2+ -uptake of the fruit flesh near the calyx end was higher when the tree was grown with ammonium salt than when grown with nitrate. Both the activities of succinate: cytochrome c oxidoreductase and the mitochondrial Ca2+ -uptake per g of tissue were higher in affected fruit than in healthy fruit. Each of chlorpromazine, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-l-napthalenesulfonamide (W-7) and N-(6-aminohexyl)-l-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-5), calmodulin antagonists, was infiltrated into the fruit for 20 min under reduced pressure (about 1 × 104 Pa). Few days later, numerous bitter pit-like spots were observed in both fruit treated with W-7 and chlorpromazine, while only a few spots were observed after the infiltration with W-5, a less potent calmodulin antagonist. A possible mechanism for the occurrence of bitter pit is discussed. 相似文献