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91.
生淀粉高浓度酒精发酵的研究 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:14
本研究利用国内常用的糖化酶制剂糖化生玉米面中的淀粉,同时接种酵母菌,在30℃下,探讨了玉米淀粉的高浓度酒精发酵工艺。选择到了一株产高浓度酒精酵母菌,H0菌株。发酵温度为30℃、pH4一s、加糖化酶量为每克原料300单位、酵母接种量3%(v/v)和原料加量为33.0%(w/v)时,这株酵母菌在70小时内可产生17.5%(v/v)的乙醇。如果原料加量为36.0%(w/v)时,该菌株在96小时内可以产生18.O%(v/v)的乙醇。在前一种加料情况下,成熟发酵醪中的pH为5、残还原糖为O.19%、残总糖为3.5“。在后一种加料情况下,成熟发酵醪中的pH为5、残还原糖为0.81%、残总糖为5.1%。 相似文献
92.
Cllia Ferreira Adriana N. Capella Roberta Sitnik Walter R. Terra 《Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology》1994,26(4):299-313
In the midgut of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae, subcellular fractionation data suggest that aminopeptidase and part of amylase, carboxypeptidase A, dipeptidase, and trypsin are bound to the microvillar membranes; that major amounts of soluble dipeptidase, cellobiase, and maltase are trapped in the cell glycocalyx; and finally that soluble carboxypeptidase, amylase, and trypsin occur in intracellular vesicles. Most luminal acetylglucosaminidase is soluble and restricted to the ectoperitrophic contents. Aminopeptidase occurs in minor amounts bound to membranes both in the ectoperitrophic contents and incorporated in the peritrophic membrane. Amylase, carboxypeptidase A, and trypsin are found in minor amounts in the ectoperitrophic contents (both soluble and membrane-bound) and in major amounts in the peritrophic membrane with contents. Part of the activities recovered in the last mentioned contents corresponds to enzyme molecules incorporated in the peritrophic membrane. The results suggest that initial digestion is carried out in major amounts by enzymes in the endoperitrophic space and, in minor amounts, by enzymes immobilized in the peritrophic membrane. Intermediate and final digestion occur at the ectoperitrophic space or at the surface of midgut cells. The results also lend support to the hypothesis that amylase and trypsin are derived from membrane-bound forms, are released in soluble form by a microapocrine mechanism, and are partly incorporated into the peritrophic membrane. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
93.
Terry D. Oberley Janice L. Schultz Larry W. Oberley 《Free radical biology & medicine》1994,16(6):741-751
Antioxidant enzyme (AE) activities were studied in normal hamster kidney proximal tubules and in estrogen-induced hamster kidney cancer. In vivo, kidney tumor had lower activities of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), copper, zinc superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase than kidney proximal tubules. Differences in AE activities were, in general, maintained in tissue culture, with AE activities remaining low in tumor cells compared to normal cells. Normal proximal tubular cells showed significant induction of MnSOD activity as a function of time in culture of following exposure to diethylstilbestrol, a synthetic estrogen, while MnSOD activity remained low in tumor cells under these conditions. Our results suggest that antioxidant enzymes, particularly MnSOD, are regulated differently in estrogen-induced hamster kidney tumor cells than in normal kidney proximal tubular cells, demonstrating that cancers arising from hormonal influence have similar AE profiles to those previously described in cancers arising from viral or chemical etiologies. 相似文献
94.
Valentina Bobyleva Nancy Kneer Monica Bellei Daniela Battelli Henry A. Lardy 《Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes》1993,25(3):313-321
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treatment of rats decreases gain of body weight without affecting food intake; simultaneously, the activities of liver malic enzyme and cytosolic glycerol-3-P dehydrogenase are increased. In the present study experiments were conducted to test the possibility that DHEA enhances thermogenesis and decreases metabolic efficiency via trans-hydrogenation of cytosolic NADPH into mitochondrial FADH2 with a consequent loss of energy as heat. The following results provide evidence which supports the proposed hypothesis: (a) the activities of cytosolic enzymes involved in NADPH production (malic enzyme, cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase, and aconitase) are increased after DHEA treatment; (b) cytosolic glycerol-3-P dehydrogenase may use both NAD+ and NADP+ as coenzymes; (c) activities of both cytosolic and mitochondrial forms of glycerol-3-P dehydrogenase are increased by DHEA treatment; (d) cytosol obtained from DHEA-treated rats synthesizes more glycerol-3-P during incubation with fructose-1,6-P2 (used as source of dihydroxyacetone phosphate) and NADP+; the addition of citratein vitro further increases this difference; (e) mitochondria prepared from DHEA-treated rats more rapidly consume glycerol-3-P added exogenously or formed endogenously in the cytosol in the presence of fructose-1,6-P2 and NADP+. 相似文献
95.
96.
Salama Abouelyazeed Ouf 《Mycoscience》1994,35(1):53-57
Examination by scanning electron microscopy and incubation on potato-dextrose agar medium showed that dry seeds ofRetama raetam were externally free of fungi. When planted in sandy loam soil, the seeds become colonized with eleven soil-borne fungal species. The fungi were isolated on cellulose agar, pectin agar and lignin agar media.Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, Penicillium capsolatum andFusarium oxysporum had broad occurrence and were recovered on all the three media. The production of hydrolytic enzymes by the isolated fungi depends on the substrate and species.Penicillium capsolatum, P. spinulosum andA. niger had wide enzymatic amplitude and they were able to produce cellulolytic, pectolytic and lignolytic activities on corresponding substrates as well as on seed-coat-containing media. The lignolytic activities of the isolated species exceptChaetomium bostrychodes andTrichoderma viride were enhanced by applying the seed-coat materials as C- source rather than lignin. SoakingR. raetam seeds in culture filtrates of most of the fungi grown on seed-coat-supplemented media induced a pronounced and distinct stimulating effect on seed germination. The most effective filtrates were those ofP. capsolatum, P. spinulosum andSporotrichum pulverulentum. 相似文献
97.
David Crews Judith M. Bergeron James J. Bull Deborah Flores Alan Tousignant James K. Skipper Thane Wibbels 《Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000)》1994,15(3):297-312
In many egg-laying reptiles, the incubation temperature of the egg determines the sex of the offspring, a process known as temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). In TSD sex determination is an “all or none” process and intersexes are rarely formed. How is the external signal of temperature transduced into a genetic signal that determines gonadal sex and channels sexual development? Studies with the red-eared slider turtle have focused on the physiological, biochemical, and molecular cascades initiated by the temperature signal. Both male and female development are active processes—rather than the crganized/default system characteristic of vertebrates with genotypic sex determination—that require simultaneous activation and suppression of testis- and ovary-determining cascades for normal sex determination. It appears that temperature accomplishes this end by acting on genes encoaing for steroidogenic enzymes and steroid hormone receptors and modifying the endocrine microenvironment in the embryo. The temperature experienced in development also has long-term functional outcomes in addition to sex determination. Research with the leopard gecko indicates that incubation temperature as well as steroid hormones serve as organizers in shaping the adult phenotype, with temperature modulating sex hormone action in sexual differentiation. Finally, practical applications of this research have emerged for the conservation and restoration of endangered egg-laying reptiles as well as the embryonic development of reptiles as biomarkers to monitor the estrogenic effects of common environmental contaminants. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
98.
InhibitionofAcrosomalEnzymesbyGossypolIsRelatedtoItsAntifertilityActionYUANYu-ying;(袁玉英)ZHANGYan-lin;(张燕林)SHIQi-xian(石其贤)(Zhe... 相似文献
99.
Marco Moracci Maria Ciaramella Roberto Nucci Laurence H. Pearl Ian Sanderson Antonio Trincone Mos Rossi 《Biocatalysis and Biotransformation》1994,11(2):89-103
The Sulfolobus solfataricus β-glycosidase (Sβgly) is a thermostable and thermophilic glycosyl-hydrolase with broad substrate specificity. The enzyme hydrolizes β-D-gluco-, fuco-, and galactosides, and a large number of /Winked glycoside dimers and oligomers, linked β1-3, β1-4, and β1-6, It is able to hydrolize oligosaccharides with up to 5 glucose residues. Furthermore, it is also able to promote transglycosylation reactions. The corresponding gene has been cloned and overexpressed both in yeast and Escherichia coli. Based on sequence and functional data, the Sβgly has been assigned to the so-called BGA family of glycosyl-hydrolases, including β-glycosidases, β-galactosidases and phosho-β-galactosidases from mesophilic and thermophilic organisms of the three domains. The Sβgly has been crystallized and the resolution of its structure is in progress. Because of its special properties, the enzymes has considerable biotechnological potential. 相似文献
100.
The temporal changes in extracellular enzyme activities in freshwater microbial biofilms were examined in two contrasting
river sites in North Wales over a 12 month period. Sites were a first order, unshaded oligotrophic upland stream (Nant Waen)
and a fourth order, mildly eutrophic river with riparian tree cover (River Clywedog). When algal populations were low, biofilms
of the more eutrophic site supported greater enzyme activities and higher population densities than the oligotrophic site.
Composition, concentration and origin of substrates available to the respective biofilm communities influenced extracellular
processing patterns. Reduction in algal populations depressed total and extracellular activities in biofilms from the first
order site, suggesting that biofilm communities here were maintained by in situ primary production. Biofilms from Nant Waen were often found to contain higher extracellular activities per cell than the
more eutrophic River Clywedog biofilms, which might represent the enhanced ability of an oligotrophic biofilm to accumulate
extracellular enzymes. In contrast, light and darkgrown River Clywedog biofilms were not enzymatically distinct, inferring
a less important role for biofilm phototrophs. Some evidence was found for increased reliance on allochthonous substrates
in the River Clywedog for biofilm maintenance. 相似文献