Bioconstructions bajociennes a madréporaires et faciès associés dans l'Île Crémieu (Jura du Sud; France)

First of all this study brings necessary details aboutregional stratigraphy. It goes on to reconstitute the paleobiocenoses and the environmental conditions of bajocian coral limestone deposits: weak currents, fairly high depth, varied substrates, low relief. In the low areas scleractinians disappear and are replaced by sponges, Pseudomelania or pholadomyes communities. In order to explain the particularities of bajocian constructions, some hypothesis have been put forward, mentioning the slope of the platforms, the speed of the growth of organisms and the stability of the sea-level.     

广西五皇山地区植物区系特性

为揭示广西南部五皇山地区的植物区系特征，通过野外调查和文献查阅，对广西五皇山国家地质公园及邻近区域的植物资源进行调查研究。结果表明，五皇山地区分布野生植物1 002种，隶属于167科581属，包括蕨类植物20科37属73种, 裸子植物3科4属5种，被子植物144科540属924种，以被子植物占优势。科属的地理成分均以热带成分为主，属的热带性更强，其中泛热带成分占最大优势，温带成分则以北温带为主。中国特有属4属，未见中国特有科。该地区植物区系总体表现为物种丰富度高，区系热带性质强，特有性弱的特征。     

Nest survival rates of Red‐crested Cardinals increase with nest age in south‐temperate forests of Argentina

ABSTRACT The main cause of nest mortality for most bird species is predation and nest survival rates often vary in relation to time‐specific variables. Few investigators have examined time‐specific patterns of nest survival in Neotropical birds, and most such studies have focused on tropical and subtropical species. To better understand age‐related patterns of nest survival, we studied nest survival of Red‐crested Cardinals (Paroaria coronata, Thraupidae) in a south‐temperate forest in Argentina. We modeled daily nest survival rates (DSR) using program MARK. We examined the relationship between nest age and nest survival rate, controlling for the effects of physical characteristics of nest sites and progression of the breeding season. We monitored 367 nests for a total of 4018 exposure days. We found that DSR increased with nest age and was higher in small isolated patches than in large continuous patches of forests. The increase of DSR with nest age could be a consequence of more vulnerable nests being predated early in the nesting cycle or a result of parents defending nests more vigorously as nestlings age because of their increasing reproductive value. Open areas of grassland that surrounded the small isolated patches of forests in our study may have been a barrier to predator movements, possibly explaining the lower predation rates. Nest survival rates in our study were lower than those reported for tropical or Nearctic temperate birds, but similar to those reported in other studies of Neotropical temperate birds. Reasons for the low nest survival rates of Neotropical temperate birds remain unclear, and additional studies of predator communities are needed to help elucidate this topic.     

Biogeographical synthesis of Andalusia (southern Spain)

Andalusia is a large territory of almost 90,000 km² in the south of Spain. The marked heterogeneity of its orographic, lithological and climatic features affords its plants and vegetation a high degree of biodiversity. A biogeographical classification for Andalusia is proposed, based on studies of the physical environment, bioclimatic and analysis of the endemic taxa, series and plant communities found in the territory.     

广西、四川两地屠宰场猪链球菌致病特征分析

【目的】猪链球菌(Streptococcus suis)是猪的重要致病菌，同时也是一种人畜共患病原。屠宰场健康猪的猪链球菌感染率较高，血清型多而复杂，是人和猪的重要传染源。四川、广西两地都曾暴发猪链球菌疫情，大量生猪发病死亡的同时，也导致部分与病猪有密切接触的人群发病死亡。因此，对上述两地区屠宰场进行猪链球菌感染调查，明确其致病特征，具有重要公共卫生意义。【方法】本研究自2021-2022年采集广西、四川两地屠宰场健康猪扁桃体，分离鉴定猪链球菌并进行血清型分型，对分离株进行斑马鱼毒力、小鼠毒力试验，并对毒力株进行基因组测序，进行多序列位点分型(multilocus sequence typing, MLST)及毒力标志基因分析，探究其致病特征。【结果】广西57份健康猪扁桃体样品猪链球菌阳性率为84.21%(48/57)，分离鉴定出60株猪链球菌，其中分离率最高的是血清31型(16.67%, 10/60)，其次为9型(11.67%, 7/60)、4型(10.00%, 6/60)、12型(8.33%,5/60)等，2型菌株仅分离出1株，含2种及以上不同血清型猪链球菌的扁桃体占33.33%(...     

Evidence of interference of Asterionella formosa with the feeding of Bosmina longirostris: a field study in a south Andes lake

Intensive sampling of a small temperate lake of the Araucanian region (Argentina), revealed changes in the demography of Bosmina longirostris when the diatom Asterionella formosa density increased (to 54 000 cells ml^–1). Bosmina population behaviour in the field was consistent with the idea that large numbers of Asterionella caused its starvation. Individuals were actually colourless and fecundity dropped to zero, as was evident when Asterionella reached 99.4% of total phytoplankton biovolume. Since cyanophytes, as a whole, are scarce in these lakes, we propose that the flagellate/diatom ratio has a direct effect on cladoceran demography.     

记广西崇左硕豪猪(Hystrix magna Pei,1987)—头骨化石

产于广西崇左早更新世（？）洞穴堆积中的一大型豪猪被归入H．magna，从而补充了该种的特征，并依此与Hystrix属中已知各种作了较全面的比较和讨论。     

Interpreting ecological patterns in an intact estuary, South-west New Zealand World Heritage Area

Vegetation pattern, soil attributes, and salinity regimes along with several other environmental factors were studied in a small (11 ha) but unmodified estuary in south Westland, New Zealand. Part of an unmodified 40 km² catchment within the South-west New Zealand World Heritage Area, the Hapuka Estuary, formed behind a 5-km long barrier beach, provides considerable ecological value as well as baseline, conservation advocacy and educative potentials both in a national and international context. Seventy-four quadrats were sampled randomly along five transects at right angles to the main Hapuka River. Eight plant communities comprising 141 native and thirteen exotic vascular species, were differentiated using multivariate analyses, from bare mud (mean elevation 1.23±0.24 m above Mean Low Water Spring (MLWS)), saltmarsh and shrubland associations through to the adjacent podocarp-broadleaved rain forest (4.53±0.74 m above MLWS). Bulk density of the upper 10 cm of substrate varied from a maximum of 1.15 g cm^?3 in the lowest elevation association to a minimum of 0.15 g cm^?3 in the rain forest. pH showed a similar trend with values of 6.97 and 4.31, respectively. The reverse pattern was evident with organic matter, with the highest content (53% ODWt) in the rain forest substrate. The water which irrigates the saltmarsh at high tide reaches 15–19» salinity on calm days but may be much less saline when moderate to strong southerly winds counter the tidal influence. Northerly winds, or a southern outlet through the barrier beach, intermittently evident in the past, are likely to enhance salinity of the tidal waters across the saltmarsh. Ordination of the vegetation samples indicated a very strong gradient associated with Axis 1 (eigenvalue=0.872) and Axis 2 (eigenvalue=0.461). Vector fitting of nine measured environmental factors indicated a strong positive correlation with Axis 1 of the ordination, of soil pH, sodium and conductivity, and negative correlations with elevation, soil water, organic matter and potassium contents.