清代畅春园复原及理法探析

《北京城市总体规划（2016—2035）》首次提出需加强三山五园地区整体保护,为推进研究和保护“五园”之中唯一园址不存的畅春园,通过综合研究多件清宫历史图档、近现代航拍测绘影像及考古报告等资料的空间关系,复原畅春园及附属的西花园在乾隆和道光2个时期的平面布局,并初步确定其在海淀区的具体区位,以及位于三山五园地区保护红线之内的事实。在此基础上对两园的功能和景观布局进行了初步探讨,表明畅春园是一座跨越明清两代、艺术水平较高的大型人工山水园,对清代皇家园林的营建产生了重要的影响,因此具有较高的研究价值。     

Ethical issues associated with HIV phylogenetics in HIV transmission dynamics research: A review of the literature using the Emanuel Framework

The reduced costs of DNA sequencing and the use of such data for HIV‐1 clinical management and phylogenetic analysis have led to a massive increase of HIV‐1 sequences in the last few years. Phylogenetic analysis has shed light on the origin, spread and characteristics of HIV‐1 epidemics and outbreaks. Phylogenetic analysis is now also being used to advance our knowledge of the drivers of HIV‐1 transmission in order to design effective interventions. However, HIV phylogenetic analysis presents unique ethical challenges, which have not been fully explored. This review presents an analysis of what appear to be key ethical issues in HIV phylogenetics in the hope of stimulating further conceptual and empirical work in this rapidly emerging area. We structure the review using the Emanuel Framework, a systematic, holistic framework, which has been adapted for use in developing countries, which bear the brunt of the HIV‐1 pandemic.     

Cancer biomarker discovery and translation: proteomics and beyond

Introduction: Cancer is often diagnosed at late stages when the chance of cure is relatively low and although research initiatives in oncology discover many potential cancer biomarkers, few transition to clinical applications. This review addresses the current landscape of cancer biomarker discovery and translation with a focus on proteomics and beyond.

Areas covered: The review examines proteomic and genomic techniques for cancer biomarker detection and outlines advantages and challenges of integrating multiple omics approaches to achieve optimal sensitivity and address tumor heterogeneity. This discussion is based on a systematic literature review and direct participation in translational studies.

Expert commentary: Identifying aggressive cancers early on requires improved sensitivity and implementation of biomarkers representative of tumor heterogeneity. During the last decade of genomic and proteomic research, significant advancements have been made in next generation sequencing and mass spectrometry techniques. This in turn has led to a dramatic increase in identification of potential genomic and proteomic cancer biomarkers. However, limited successes have been shown with translation of these discoveries into clinical practice. We believe that the integration of these omics approaches is the most promising molecular tool for comprehensive cancer evaluation, early detection and transition to Precision Medicine in oncology.     

Interactive Visualization and Industrial Ecology: Applications,Challenges, and Opportunities

The emergence of increasingly complex data in industrial ecology (IE) has caused scholarly interest in interactive visualization (IV). IV allows users to interact with data, aiding in processing and interpreting complex datasets, processes, and simulations. Consequently, IV can help IE practitioners communicate the complexities of their methods and results, shed light on the underlying research assumptions, and enable more transparent monitoring of data quality and error. This can significantly increase the reach and impact of research, promote transparency, reproducibility, and open science, as well as improve the clarity and presentation of IE research. A review of current IV applications reveals that, while data exploration has received some attention among IE practitioners, IV applications in scientific communication are clearly lacking. With the help of a working example, we explore the value of IV, discuss its operationalization, and highlight challenges that the IE community must face during IV uptake. Such challenges include technical and knowledge limitations, limits on user interaction, and implementation strategies. With these challenges in mind, we outline key aspects needed to lift the IE field to the forefront of scientific communication in the coming years. Among these, we draft the basic principles of a “Hub for Interactive Visualization in Industrial Ecology” (HIVE), a point of encounter where IE practitioners could find an array of data visualization tools that are geared toward IE datasets. IV is here to stay, and its inceptive stage presents many opportunities to IE practitioners to shape its operationalization and benefit from early adoption.     

中国野鸦椿属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

野鸦椿属植物归属于省沽油科,主要分布于东亚以及东南亚,我国分布有两个种。该属植物化学成分结构丰富,包括酯类、三萜类、黄酮类等,药理活性广泛,如抗炎、抗肝纤维化、抗氧化等。本文从化学成分及药理活性方面对野鸦椿属植物的研究进行综述,以期为该属植物的深入研究与开发提供文献参考。     

长白山区阔叶红松林经营历史与研究历程

长白山区位于中国东北东部的山地森林区,地带性植被是阔叶红松林,是我国珍贵木材生产和东北森林带的重要载体,孕育着丰富的物种资源.短短120年来,长白山区广袤的原始森林几乎消失殆尽,被次生林、过伐林和人工林等替代.建国以来,东北的阔叶红松林经营理论与技术在红松更新规律、皆伐与择伐的争论中,在人们对阔叶红松林结构和功能认识不断深入的过程中逐渐完善.但目前红松更新问题依然存在,森林经营依然十分粗放.本文梳理了过去70年来阔叶红松林的经营历史及研究历程,分析当前森林资源类型和经营制度的形成过程,以期为该区天然林可持续经营和质量的精准提升等提供借鉴.     

Ag/TiO2纳米材料对烟曲霉的抑制作用及机制

目的合成Ag/TiO_2纳米材料,对其进行表征测定,并探讨其对烟曲霉的抑制作用及具体机制。方法采用光催化还原法制备Ag/TiO_2纳米材料,紫外可见分析和扫描电镜对其进行表征测定;微量液基稀释法检测对烟曲霉的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),以及生物量的抑制作用;ELISA试剂盒检测对真菌谷胱甘肽还原酶、总谷胱甘肽、线粒体膜电位的影响,荧光显微镜检测活性氧的产生。结果成功制备Ag/TiO_2纳米材料,分布均匀;对烟曲霉的MIC值为0.5μg/mL,能完全抑制烟曲霉生物量,与单独纳米银相比,具有更好的抗菌活性。机制研究发现其主要通过降低烟曲霉体内谷胱甘肽及其还原酶的含量,诱导过量活性氧的产生,最终导致线粒体膜电位降低,使真菌细胞发生凋亡。结论 Ag/TiO2纳米材料可有效阻断烟曲霉等真菌在空气中的传播,具有广泛的应用前景。     

基于文献计量分析的区域生态安全研究热点与趋势

生态安全是生态学研究的热点议题,近年来国内外对生态安全领域相关研究力度不断增大。文章以WEB OF SCIENCE数据库和中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）中期刊论文为数据源,从文献计量的角度,利用Excel统计论文年度发文量,通过Bibexcel得到高频词共词矩阵,导入Ucinet和Netdraw得出共现网络可视图,最后利用SPSS对关键词进行聚类分析,以探究区域生态安全研究热点和趋势。研究表明：（1）区域生态安全研究发文数量基本逐年递增,自2012年起进入快速增长阶段。（2）国内外区域生态安全的研究内容具有较大差异。国外更注重在气候变化背景下生态安全与可持续发展的关系研究;国内更加关注生态安全空间规划、生态文明建设等基本理论与生态安全实证检验。（3）共现网络可视中的关键词food safety、environment和climate change与生态安全、生态文明建设和生态保护红线一定程度上成为当前研究的热点。（4）国内外区域生态安全研究对象和研究尺度均存在较大的差异。国外主要以极端贫困国家和发展中国家为研究对象,研究尺度涉及地区、国家甚至全球;国内主要以区域为研究对象,研究尺度集中于中尺度。综上,目前区域生态安全研究的热点是区域生态安全评价及其影响因素、生态文明建设战略和可持续发展研究等,未来生态安全的研究趋势将集中于生态安全空间演变、国际与区际间安全关联和安全对策等。     

中药药效物质的研究方法

中药药效物质的研究是中药现代化研究的核心,科学阐明中药临床治疗的物质基础,是中药药效学研究的最终目标。现阶段中药药效物质基础研究方法主要有化学分离分析、生物色谱法和虚拟筛选等方法。本文对现有中药药效物质基础的几种研究方法进行了分类,并对其特点进行了介绍。     

基于文献计量的生态宜居研究热点和趋势分析

基于CNKI数据库和Web of Science数据库,利用网页检索功能分析了生态宜居研究的年发文量、基金资助机构及国家地区分布、研究方向及研究机构状况;利用Citespace对2002—2017年生态宜居研究关键词进行共现性和可视化图谱聚类分析。结果表明:近年生态宜居研究逐渐成为人们关注的热点,但该方面研究获得国家及相关部门基金资助的比例仍然较小;当前生态宜居研究主要集中在宏观经济管理与可持续发展学科,研究机构排名中,天津地区相关机构发文量相对较多。就目前研究来看,研究热点集中于新型城镇化、城镇化、指标体系、生态宜居度、生态文明等。在未来的研究发展趋势方面,新型城镇化和生态宜居标准的制定仍然是重要的研究领域,必须在此持续发力,为生态宜居建设提供必要的理论支撑和政策依据。