Aromatic compounds from Delphinium venulosum

From the non-alkaloidal fractions of Delphinium venulosum, four known aromatic compounds cis and trans p-coumaric acids, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid methyl ester and a new aromatic compound 2,5,6-trihydroxypiperonylic acid methyl ester were isolated together with kaempferol, sitosterol and sitosteryl 3-glucoside. The structures of the compounds were established by spectral data.     

Isolation and characterization of a methyl chloride utilizing,strictly anaerobic bacterium

From sludge obtained from the sewage digester plant in Stuttgart-Möhringen a strictly anaerobic bacterium was enriched and isolated with methyl chloride as the energy source. The isolate, which was tentatively called strain MC, was nonmotile, gram-positive, and occurred as elongated cocci arranged in chains. Cells of strain MC formed about 3 mol of acetate per 4 mol of CH₃Cl consumed, indicating that the organism was a homoacetogenic bacterium fermenting methyl chloride plus CO₂ according to: The organism grew with 2–3% methyl chloride in the gas phase at a doubling time of near 30 h. Dichloromethane was not utilized. The bacterium also grew on carbon monoxide, H₂ plus CO₂, and methoxylated aromatic compounds. Optimal growth with methyl chloride was observed at 25°C and pH 7.3–7.7. The G+C-content of the DNA was 47.5±1.5%. The methyl chloride conversion appeared to be inducible, since H₂ plus CO₂-grown cells lacked this ability. From the morphological and physiological characteristics, the isolate could not be affiliated to a known species.     

兔边缘系统隔区呼吸相关神经元

本实验在42只家兔给与 Urethane 半量麻醉,在边缘系统隔区用玻璃微电极方法记录了60个自发的呼吸相关神经元单位放电:吸气型30个单位;呼气型16个单位;跨时相型14个单位。断双侧迷走神经,静脉注入尼克刹米后,呼吸相关神经元单位放电与呼吸节律变化具有伴随性,呈正相关。窒息可以诱发隔区神经元呼吸节律放电。延髓第四脑室局部注入2%Sod。pentothal 后,随呼吸节律抑制、隔区呼吸相关神经元单位放电立即消失。上述结果提示:到达边缘系统隔区的呼吸信息在自主功能及情绪活动的协调方面,可能被认为是有意义的。     

Probleme der Flechten-Chemotaxonomie — Stoffkombinationen und ihre taxonomische Wertung

Die Kombination (Koppelung) der Stoffe im Chemosyndrom kann gegenseitig oder einseitig obligat oder auch fakultativ sein. Dabei ist die Stellung der beteiligten eng verwandten Produkte im Rahmen der Biosynthese von Fall zu Fall verschieden. — Dem Chemotaxonomen kann die Berücksichrigung dieser Aspekte zumindest tendenziell als Anhaltspunkt dienen. Bei Vorkommen der Komponenten in verschiedenen Verwandtschaftskreisen wird man ein Chemosyndrom - also eine Kornbination biogenetisch eng verwandter Verbindungen - urn so eher als ein einziges Merkmal betrachten können, je seltener die Kombination aufgelöst ist. Zweifellos stellen der solitare Stoff als Einzelmerkmal und die ohne Ausnahme auftretende (obligate) Kombination als Einzelmerkmal nur Extreme einer gleitenden Reihe dar. Herrn Prof. Dr. E. KLUG (Berlin) danke ich für die Durchsicht des Manuskripts und für werrvolle Diskussion, Herrn H. LÜNSER für die sorgfältige Ausführung der Zeichnungen, Frau I. EGGERT, Frau C. MÜLLER und Frau 1. POHL für die Hilfen bei der Vorbereitung des Manuskripts. Herrn Dr. M. SEAWARD (Bradford) bin ich für Beratung und Diskussion in Zusammenhang mit der Form der englischen Zusammenfassung sehr zu Dank verpflichter,     

Age-dependent metabolic changes in cultured human fibroblasts

Summary The effects of metabolic poisons on the ATP content of cultured human skin fibroblasts at selected in vitro and in vivo ages were studied. Potassium cyanide, iodacetemide, and Arsenate were used to inhibit ATP restoration by glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Cells treated with these metabolic poisons showed an age-dependent change in their ATP content. The decrease in cellular ATP content after exposure to these drugs was taken as an estimate of ATP turnover. It was found that there was a decrease in the ATP turnover with increasing population doubling level (i.e. in vitro age), and cells cultured from a 68-yr-old donor had a lower ATP turnover than those cultured from a neonatal donor. This decreased ATP turnover correlates with a previous finding of a decreased ability of “older” cells to be stimulated to migrate in culture and suggests that there is a metabolic component to this age-related functional deficiency. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants 2, RO1 EY02523 and 1 RO1 1, AGO 1212 awarded to A.L. Muggleton-Harris.     

Detection of TRH extended peptides in rat hypothalamus using an antibody raised to pGluHisProGlyLys

An antibody was raised to the synthetic pentapeptide pGluHisProGlyLys which, in radioimmunoassay (RIA), could detect the pentapeptide at a level of 10 fmole per tube and exhibited <0.5 per cent cross reactivity with a series of related peptides. The RIA was used to demonstrate the presence of C-terminally extended forms of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in rat hypothalamus. After extraction, the endogenous peptides were resolved by gel exclusion chromatography and TRH-extended peptides were revealed by trypsin digestion to release the pentapeptide. The TRH extended peptides occurred in substantial quantity, approximately 11 pmoles/g, indicating that only partial processing of the gene duplicated prohormone takes place.     

Fermentative degradation of monohydroxybenzoates by defined syntrophic cocultures

From anaerobic freshwater enrichment cultures with 3-hydroxybenzoate as sole substrate, a slightly curved rod-shaped bacterium was isolated in coculture with Desulfovibrio vulgaris as hydrogen scavenger. The new isolate degraded only 3-hydroxybenzoate or benzoate, and depended on syntrophic cooperation with a hydrogenoxidizing methanogen or sulfate reducer. 3-Hydroxybenzoate was degraded via reductive dehydroxylation to benzoate. With 2-hydroxybenzoate (salicylate), short coccoid rods were enriched from anaerobic freshwater mud samples, and were isolated in defined coculture with D. vulgaris. This isolate also fermented 3-hydroxybenzoate or benzoate in obligate syntrophy with a hydrogen-oxidizing anaerobe. The new isolates were both Gram-negative, non-sporeforming strict anaerobes. They fermented hydroxybenzoate or benzoate to acetate, CO₂, and, presumably, hydrogen which was oxidized by the syntrophic partner organism. With hydroxybenzoates, but not with benzoate, Acetobacterium woodii could also serve as syntrophic partner. Other substrates such as sugars, alcohols, fatty or amino acids were not fermented. External electron acceptors such as sulfate, sulfite, nitrate, or fumarate were not reduced. In enrichment cultures with 4-hydroxybenzoate, decarboxylation to phenol was the initial step in degradation which finally led to acetate, methane and CO₂.     

Denaturation level of DNA-Pt complexes evidenced by Tb3+ fluorescence enhancement and electric dichroism

The Tb³⁺ fluorescence is greatly enhanced, as a result of binding of various platinum coordination complexes to DNA, as compared to native DNA. The largest enhancement is observed for cis-Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂ but the fluorescence intensity does not however reach the level attained for thermally denatured DNA. Diethylenetriamine-Pt(II) produces very little increase of Tb³⁺ fluorescence. The electric dichroism in the DNA absorption band drastically decreases upon binding of the various Pt compounds investigated except diethylenetriamine-Pt. The results are discussed in terms of the various modes of binding of Pt derivatives to DNA, particularly in relation to the level of denaturation of the double helix.     

恒河猴B病毒相关抗体检测方法的比较

以NT方法为基础比较了ELISA和FIA方法,共检测84份猴B病毒相关抗体的敏感性,结果ELISA和EIA阳性各50份(59.5％),NT阳性45份(53.6％)。三种方法相符者71份,符合率84.5％。ELISA和FIA均较NT敏感,而且快速,简便,经济,可应用于大批标本的检查。