雉鸡的活动痕迹及种群密度的初步研究

本文报道了在不同生境中采用样方法对雉鸡及其活动痕迹进行调查,并根据Ｄ＝Ｎ／Ｂ公式对所得的数据加以处理,其结果表明雉鸡在活动过程中所留下的巢、粪便等痕迹均以灌草丛为最多,而取食刨土所留下的痕迹则以农耕地为最多。其种群密度,在草坡为５６只／ｋｍ２,稀树灌丛草坡为７８只／ｋｍ２,灌丛草坡为１５６只／ｋｍ２。     

几种初生鸟类（家禽）肝脏液晶类脂滴的比较研究

本文中,我们观察到初生鸭、山鸡、乌鸡、鹌鹑和鸽的肝脏组织中液晶类脂滴（ＬＣＬＤ）分布于肝索上肝细胞内,血窦中少有;ＬＣＬＤ液晶态重复间距依次分别为３６．８Ａ,３７．４Ａ,３７．６Ａ,３７．８Ａ和３８．４Ａ。经冷冻处理室温下ＬＣＬＤ均以结晶态存在;它们的Ｘ射线衍射特性均与其对应的脂类提取物结晶的衍射特性一致。衍射分析表明,初生鸭、山鸡、乌鸡和鹌鹑与鸡胚肝ＬＣＬＤ结晶为同一类晶相,而初生鸽肝ＬＣＬＤ结     

勺鸡的生态研究

1984－1990年作者在安徽大别山北坡对勺鸡安徽亚种进行了系统观察,本文就其栖息地,垂直分布,活动规律,食性,繁殖习性及数量等报道于下。     

关山林区勺鸡生态的初步研究

关山林区的勺鸡栖息于海拔１６００－２０００ｍ的密林中。繁殖期为４月中下旬至６月上旬。巢营于地面,呈碗形,外径２５０ｍｍ×２７０ｍｍ,内径２１０ｍｍ×２３０ｍｍ,深５２ｍｍ,多分布于林下阳坡上。每巢产卵６－９枚,平均卵重３６．２ｇ,卵径平均为３４．２ｍｍ×４７．２ｍｍ。卵色浅棕,具栗褐色斑点。勺鸡食性分析表明,勺鸡为杂食性,但以植物性食物为主。主要天敌有鹰、蛇、狐、猫、鼬等。野外采卵进行孵化试验,孵     

Structural insights into the non-additivity effects in the sequence-to-reactivity algorithm for serine peptidases and their inhibitors

Sequence-to-reactivity algorithms (SRAs) for proteins have the potential of being broadly applied in molecular design. Recently, Laskowski et al. have reported an additivity-based SRA that accurately predicts most of the standard free energy changes of association for variants of turkey ovomucoid third domain (OMTKY3) with six serine peptidases, one of which is streptogrisin B (commonly known as Streptomyces griseus peptidase B, SGPB). Non-additivity effects for residues 18I and 32I, and for residues 20I and 32I of OMTKY3 occurred when the associations with SGPB were predicted using the SRA. To elucidate precisely the mechanics of these non-additivity effects in structural terms, we have determined the crystal structures of the unbound OMTKY3 (with Gly32I as in the wild-type amino acid sequence) at a resolution of 1.16 A, the unbound Ala32I variant of OMTKY3 at a resolution of 1.23 A, and the SGPB:OMTKY3-Ala32I complex (equilibrium association constant K(a)=7.1x10(9) M(-1) at 21(+/-2) C degrees, pH 8.3) at a resolution of 1.70 A. Extensive comparisons with the crystal structure of the unbound OMTKY3 confirm our understanding of some previously addressed non-additivity effects. Unexpectedly, SGPB and OMTKY3-Ala32I form a 1:2 complex in the crystal. Comparison with the SGPB:OMTKY3 complex shows a conformational change in the SGPB:OMTKY3-Ala32I complex, resulting from a hinged rigid-body rotation of the inhibitor caused by the steric hindrance between the methyl group of Ala32IA of the inhibitor and Pro192BE of the peptidase. This perturbs the interactions among residues 18I, 20I, 32I and 36I of the inhibitor, probably resulting in the above non-additivity effects. This conformational change also introduces residue 10I as an additional hyper-variable contact residue to the SRA.     

Ultrastructure and elemental composition of the eggshell of Reeve’s pheasant ( Syrmaticus reevesii )

The eggshell of Reeve’s pheasant (Syrmaticus reevesii) collected from the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve in Henan Province, China was studied. By using scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry, the ultrastructure and elemental composition of the eggshell was determined. The study showed that the average thickness of the surface layer of crystals, the palisade and cone layer, and the eggshell membrane were 20.8, 220.8 and 62.5 μm, respectively, accounting for 6.8%, 72.6% and 20.6% of the total thickness of the eggshell. There were many vesicular holes in the palisade layer with an average diameter of 0.32 ± 0.08 μm (n = 30). The function of these holes might be significant to air exchange. The shape of the eggshell pore on the surface layer of crystals is round or elliptical. The fracture surface of the pore is funnel-shaped. Some granules filled the upper part of the eggshell pores. The content of 21 elements in the eggshell of wild and captive Reeve’s pheasants was compared and presented. It indicated that among the elements that made up the eggshell of the wild pheasant, the content of Ca, Mg, P and S was much higher, ω > 1 mg/g, with ω (Ca) being higher than 40% of the eggshell. The contents of Na, Si, Sr, K and Al were ω = 0.1–1 mg/g, while Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, V and Ti had lower concentrations (ω = 1–100 μg/g). The ω of Ni, Cr, Co, Se, Cd were lower than 1 μg/g. The elemental composition in the eggshell of the captive Reeve’s pheasant kept in the Dongzhai National Natural Reserve was significantly different from that of the wild species, with a difference of over 20% on S, Cu, Fe, Al, Mn, Si, Sr, Se and Cr. The lower intake of Fe, Mn, Si and Sr on the one hand and the higher intake of S, Cu, Al and Cr on the other hand might be responsible for the low fertility of captive Reeve’s pheasants in the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve. In order to ensure that the pheasants are receiving the proper amount of nutrition and to improve their breeding success, the amount of certain elements in the food should be adjusted. Translated from Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science), 2006, 42(1): 78–82 [译自: 北京师范大学学报 (自然科学版)]     

Snow and land use alter pheasant survival in South Dakota

We examined survival of ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) occupying fragmented landscapes within the Prairie Pothole Region in South Dakota, USA, where severe winter weather events historically limited pheasant population growth through increased mortality. Recent landscape transformations could further affect overwinter adult female survival by reducing critical winter resources. Assessing the influence of time-dependent landscape features on survival at small focal scales may reveal spatially important relationships. We captured and monitored 321 adult female pheasants from 2017–2019 and recorded 110 pheasant winter mortalities. Female pheasant winter survival was 0.66 (85% CI = 0.62–0.70) and was inversely correlated to snow depth. We generated Cox proportional hazard models to determine risk of mortality associated with landscape features. Pheasants using landscapes other than perennial cover (i.e., emergent wetland, tall vegetation, woody, food plots) experienced a 2.22 times greater risk of raptor predation than pheasants using perennial cover. Additionally, pheasants experienced a 58% reduced risk of weather mortality when using emergent wetlands. We analyzed resource selection ratios to understand how perceived landscape risks at the population level scaled down to land use selection at the individual level. Female pheasants selected for emergent wetlands, showed no selection for woody features, and avoided tall vegetation (non-aquatic herbaceous vegetation >75 cm) during severe winters. Pheasants would greatly benefit from conservation of emergent wetlands and integrating perennial cover into harvested cropland.     

越冬期勺鸡集群行为的观察

观察了2001～2004年冬季分布于历山保护区的勺鸡的集群行为行。野外共观察120次,见到勺鸡1034只,其中95．3％的个体营集群生活,环境的异质性和天敌的捕食压力可能是导致勺鸡等雉类冬季集群的重要因素。     

Seasonal changes in the ranging area of Brown-eared pheasant and its affecting factors in Huanglong Mountains, Shaanxi Province

A study on the seasonal changes in the ranging area of Brown-eared pheasant and its affecting factors was conducted in the Huanglongshan Nature Reserve, Huanglong County, Shaanxi Province, China, from March 2006 to January 2007. Forty used sites and forty random plots were selected along 8–9 transects crossing the study area. Fifteen factors related to the changes of altitude were measured in each site. The results showed that the altitude of home range of Brown-eared pheasant varied with seasons: the highest home range was found in summer, and the lowest one was found in winter, while the home range in autumn was higher than that in spring. According to the frequency of occurrences of Brown-eared pheasant in different seasons, we found that its home range occurred mainly at an altitude below 1400 m in spring, above 1500 m in summer, between 1200 m and 1500 m in autumn and below 1300 m in winter. The possible reason that Brown-eared pheasants preferred to live at lower altitude in spring was to have access to water sources and the abundance of food, correlated to the slope locations, number of trees and number of shrubs; in summer, they tended to appear at highest altitude, and the average height of shrubs, average height of grasses, sheltering class and distance to edge of woods, and human disturbance were affecting factors; in autumn, they appeared at higher altitude which was correlated with the covers of trees, shrubs and grasses, and ultimately related to the abundance of food; in winter, they lived at lowest altitude, which was correlated to the distance from the edge of woods, cover of trees and sheltering class, and ultimately related to the abundance of food and shelter.