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991.
Xiaoyan Cheng Yan Wu Jianping Guo Bo Du Rongzhi Chen Lili Zhu Guangcun He 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2013,76(4):687-698
Seed germination and innate immunity both have significant effects on plant life spans because they control the plant's entry into the ecosystem and provide defenses against various external stresses, respectively. Much ecological evidence has shown that seeds with high vigor are generally more tolerant of various environmental stimuli in the field than those with low vigor. However, there is little genetic evidence linking germination and immunity in plants. Here, we show that the rice lectin receptor‐like kinase OslecRK contributes to both seed germination and plant innate immunity. We demonstrate that knocking down the OslecRK gene depresses the expression of α–amylase genes, reducing seed viability and thereby decreasing the rate of seed germination. Moreover, it also inhibits the expression of defense genes, and so reduces the resistance of rice plants to fungal and bacterial pathogens as well as herbivorous insects. Yeast two‐hybrid and co‐immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that OslecRK interacts with an actin‐depolymerizing factor (ADF) in vivo via its kinase domain. Moreover, the rice adf mutant exhibited a reduced seed germination rate due to the suppression of α–amylase gene expression. This mutant also exhibited depressed immune responses and reduced resistance to biotic stresses. Our results thus provide direct genetic evidence for a common physiological pathway connecting germination and immunity in plants. They also partially explain the common observation that high‐vigor seeds often perform well in the field. The dual effects of OslecRK may be indicative of progressive adaptive evolution in rice. 相似文献
992.
Hamid Manzoor Jani Kelloniemi Annick Chiltz David Wendehenne Alain Pugin Benoit Poinssot Angela Garcia‐Brugger 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2013,76(3):466-480
Like their animal counterparts, plant glutamate receptor‐like (GLR) homologs are intimately associated with Ca2+ influx through plasma membrane and participate in various physiological processes. In pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMP)‐/elicitor‐mediated resistance, Ca2+ fluxes are necessary for activating downstream signaling events related to plant defense. In this study, oligogalacturonides (OGs), which are endogenous elicitors derived from cell wall degradation, were used to investigate the role of Arabidopsis GLRs in defense signaling. Pharmacological investigations indicated that GLRs are partly involved in free cytosolic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]cyt) variations, nitric oxide (NO) production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and expression of defense‐related genes by OGs. In addition, wild‐type Col‐0 plants treated with the glutamate‐receptor antagonist 6,7‐dinitriquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (DNQX) had a compromised resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Moreover, we provide genetic evidence that AtGLR3.3 is a key component of resistance against H. arabidopsidis. In addition, some OGs‐triggered immune events such as defense gene expression, NO and ROS production are also to different extents dependent on AtGLR3.3. Taken together, these data provide evidence for the involvement of GLRs in elicitor/pathogen‐mediated plant defense signaling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. 相似文献
993.
Aaron L. Smith Sara M. Freeman Ronald J. Voll Larry J. Young Mark M. Goodman 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(19):5415-5420
The compound 1-(1-(2-(2-(2-fluoroethoxy)-4-(piperidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)acetyl)piperidin-4-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one (1) was synthesized and positively evaluated in vitro for high potency and selectivity with human oxytocin receptors. The positron emitting analogue, [F-18]1, was synthesized and investigated in vivo via PET imaging using rat and cynomolgus monkey models. PET imaging studies in female Sprague–Dawley rats suggested [F-18]1 reached the brain and accumulated in various regions of the brain, but washed out too rapidly for adequate quantification and localization. In vivo PET imaging studies in a male cynomolgus monkey suggested [F-18]1 had limited brain penetration while specific uptake of radioactivity significantly accumulated within the vasculature of the cerebral ventricles in areas representative of the choroid plexus. 相似文献
994.
Albert M. DeBerardinis Steven Lemieux M. Kyle Hadden 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(19):5367-5370
The anti-proliferative activity of a series of ester- and amide-linked Inhoffen–Lythgoe side chain analogues is reported. Whereas the Inhoffen–Lythgoe diol was inactive in these studies, a number of aromatic and aliphatic ester-linked side chains demonstrated modest in vitro growth inhibition in two human cancepar cell lines, U87MG (glioblastoma) and HT-29 (colorectal adenocarcinoma). Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies demonstrated the most active aromatic (13) and aliphatic (25 and 29) substituted analogues were approximately equipotent in U87MG and HT-29 cells. Further evaluation of 13, 25, and 29 indicated these analogues do not activate canonical vitamin D signaling nor antagonize Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Thus, the cellular mechanism(s) that govern the anti-proliferative activity for this class of truncated vitamin D-based structures appears to be different from classical mechanisms previously identified for these scaffolds. 相似文献
995.
Yan Zhang Orgil Elbegdorj Yunyun Yuan Irina O. Beletskaya Dana E. Selley 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(13):3719-3722
Isosterism is commonly used in drug discovery and development to address stability, selectivity, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy issues. A series of 14-O-substituted naltrexone derivatives were identified as potent mu opioid receptor (MOR) antagonists with improved selectivity over the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and the delta opioid receptor (DOR), compared to naltrexone. Since esters are not metabolically very stable under typical physiological conditions, their corresponding amide analogs were thus synthesized and biologically evaluated. Unlike their isosteres, most of these novel ligands seem to be dually selective for the MOR and the KOR over the DOR. The restricted flexibility of the amide bond linkage might be responsible for their altered selectivity profile. However, the majority of the 14-N-substituted naltrexone derivatives produced marginal or no MOR stimulation in the 35S-GTP[γS] assay, which resembled their ester analogs. The current study thus indicated that the 14-substituted naltrexone isosteres are not bioisosteres since they have distinctive pharmacological profile with the regard to their opioid receptor binding affinity and selectivity. 相似文献
996.
Keisuke Maruyama Masaharu Nakamura Shusuke Tomoshige Kazuyuki Sugita Makoto Makishima Yuichi Hashimoto Minoru Ishikawa 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(14):4031-4036
Our multi-template approach for drug discovery, focusing on protein targets with similar fold structures, has yielded lead compounds for various targets. We have also shown that a diphenylmethane skeleton can serve as a surrogate for a steroid skeleton. Here, on the basis of those ideas, we hypothesized that the diphenylmethane derivative bisphenol A (BPA) would bind to the ligand-binding domain of estrogen receptors (ERs) in a similar manner to estradiol and act as a steroid surrogate. To test this idea, we synthesized a series of BPA analogs and evaluated their structure-activity relationships, focusing on agonistic/antagonistic activities at ERs and ERα/ERβ subtype selectivity. Among the compounds examined, 18 was found to be a potent ERα-antagonist with high selectivity over ERβ and androgen receptor under our assay conditions. A computational docking study suggested that 18 would bind to the antagonistic conformation of ERα. ERα-selective antagonists, such as 18, are candidate agents for treatment of breast cancer. 相似文献
997.
Zhongli Gao William J. Hurst Etienne Guillot Werngard Czechtizky Ulrike Lukasczyk Raisa Nagorny Marie-Pierre Pruniaux Lothar Schwink Juan Antonio Sanchez Siegfried Stengelin Lei Tang Irvin Winkler James A. Hendrix Pascal G. George 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(11):3416-3420
A series of structurally novel aryl ureas was derived from optimization of the HTS lead as selective histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists. The SAR was explored and the data obtained set up the starting point and foundation for further optimization. The most potent tool compounds, as exemplified by compounds 2l, 5b, 5d, and 5e, displayed antagonism potencies in the subnanomolar range in in vitro human-H3R FLIPR assays and rhesus monkey H3R binding assays. 相似文献
998.
Xiao-Yan Li Bi-Feng He Hua-Jun Luo Nian-Yu Huang Wei-Qiao Deng 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(16):4617-4621
We first report the application of 3-acyl-5-hydroxybenzofurans as a scaffold to develop potential drugs for breast cancer. Seven novel derivative compounds were synthesized by using a microwave-assisted synthesis method. Those compounds exhibited different antiproliferation against human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, with the best activity of IC50 = 43.08 μM for compound 1. A Quantum Mechanics Polarized Ligand Docking (QPLD) study was carried out to investigate the binding interactions between these compounds and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). The simulation results showed that the trend of receptor–ligand binding interactions was same as that of their antiproliferative activities. A detailed analysis indicated that compound 1 possesses the highest Van der Waals and hydrogen bond interactions compared to the other six compounds and better inhibitors are achievable by enhancing the hydrogen bond interactions. Based on these results, we addressed that 3-acyl-5-hydroxybenzofuran is an attractive scaffold for designing drugs against breast cancer. 相似文献
999.
Carl R. Illig Carl L. Manthey Sanath K. Meegalla Mark J. Wall Jinsheng Chen Kenneth J. Wilson Renee L. DesJarlais Shelley K. Ballentine Carsten Schubert Carl S. Crysler Yanmin Chen Christopher J. Molloy Margery A. Chaikin Robert R. Donatelli Edward Yurkow Zhao Zhou Mark R. Player Bruce E. Tomczuk 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(23):6363-6369
Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies on a highly potent series of arylamide FMS inhibitors were carried out with the aim of improving FMS kinase selectivity, particularly over KIT. Potent compound 17r (FMS IC50 0.7 nM, FMS cell IC50 6.1 nM) was discovered that had good PK properties and a greater than fivefold improvement in selectivity for FMS over KIT kinase in a cellular assay relative to the previously reported clinical candidate 4. This improved selectivity was manifested in vivo by no observed decrease in circulating reticulocytes, a measure of bone safety, at the highest studied dose. Compound 17r was highly active in a mouse pharmacodynamic model and demonstrated disease-modifying effects in a dose-dependent manner in a strep cell wall-induced arthritis model of rheumatoid arthritis in rats. 相似文献
1000.
Guohua Zhao Chet Kwon Sharon N. Bisaha Philip D. Stein Karen A. Rossi Xueying Cao Thao Ung Ginger Wu Chen-Pin Hung Sarah E. Malmstrom Ge Zhang Qinling Qu Jinping Gan William J. Keim Mary Jane Cullen Kenneth W. Rohrbach James Devenny Mary Ann Pelleymounter Jeffrey A. Robl 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(13):3914-3919
The 5-HT2C receptor has been implicated as a critical regulator of appetite. Small molecule activation of the 5-HT2C receptor has been shown to affect food intake and regulate body weight gain in rodent models and more recently in human clinical trials. Therefore, 5-HT2C is a well validated target for anti-obesity therapy. The synthesis and structure–activity relationships of a series of novel tetrahydropyrazinoisoquinolinone 5-HT2C receptor agonists are presented. Several members of this series were identified as potent 5-HT2C receptor agonists with high functional selectivity against the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors and reduced food intake in an acute rat feeding model upon oral dosing. 相似文献