全文获取类型
收费全文 | 13280篇 |
免费 | 991篇 |
国内免费 | 766篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 17篇 |
2023年 | 227篇 |
2022年 | 328篇 |
2021年 | 412篇 |
2020年 | 418篇 |
2019年 | 441篇 |
2018年 | 445篇 |
2017年 | 406篇 |
2016年 | 392篇 |
2015年 | 466篇 |
2014年 | 645篇 |
2013年 | 864篇 |
2012年 | 453篇 |
2011年 | 547篇 |
2010年 | 439篇 |
2009年 | 681篇 |
2008年 | 660篇 |
2007年 | 681篇 |
2006年 | 628篇 |
2005年 | 628篇 |
2004年 | 507篇 |
2003年 | 473篇 |
2002年 | 404篇 |
2001年 | 356篇 |
2000年 | 299篇 |
1999年 | 320篇 |
1998年 | 240篇 |
1997年 | 244篇 |
1996年 | 241篇 |
1995年 | 198篇 |
1994年 | 198篇 |
1993年 | 189篇 |
1992年 | 193篇 |
1991年 | 170篇 |
1990年 | 143篇 |
1989年 | 113篇 |
1988年 | 104篇 |
1987年 | 98篇 |
1986年 | 92篇 |
1985年 | 102篇 |
1984年 | 81篇 |
1983年 | 66篇 |
1982年 | 87篇 |
1981年 | 68篇 |
1980年 | 63篇 |
1979年 | 52篇 |
1978年 | 33篇 |
1977年 | 26篇 |
1976年 | 27篇 |
1973年 | 34篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
E. Cortés A.A. Kirk J.A. Goolsby P.J. Moran A.E. Racelis M.A. Marcos-García 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》2011,21(11):1369-1373
Arundo donax L. (Poaceae) is native to Mediterranean Europe and invasive in the Rio Grande Basin of North America. Rhizomes from nine sites in France and Spain infested with a candidate control agent, the armoured scale Rhizaspidiotus donacis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) weighed 50% less than those from nine sites without scale. 相似文献
12.
E. É. Kolesnikova 《Neurophysiology》2008,40(1):48-52
Results of a comparative study of the sensitivity of the system of respiratory control to increases in the CO2 concentration and the intensity of free-radical processes in young and elderly subjects are described. It is shown that normal
(natural) aging is accompanied by a decrease in the sensitivity of the respiratory system to hypercapnic stimulation and a
parallel significant decrease in the activity of catalase in the blood of examined subjects. Mechanisms responsible for the
modifications of the sensitivity of the system of respiratory control to hypercapnia are discussed; these shifts can be at
least partly related to changes in the intensity of production of free radicals observed in elderly subjects.
Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 53–57, January–February, 2008. 相似文献
13.
Drahomíra Kenov Lucie oltysov Michal Pravenec Marie-Pierre Moisan W. Theodore Kurtz Vladimír Ken 《Journal of Experimental Animal Science》2000,41(1-2)
The SHR-Lx congenic strain carrying a differential segment of chromosome 8 of BN and PD origin was recently shown to exhibit a significant decrease in blood pressure as compared to the SHR strain. There were two positional candidate genes for blood pressure control mapped to the differential segment: the rat kidney epithelial potassium channel gene (Kcnj1) and brain dopamine receptor 2 gene (Drd2). Bot these genes were separated into SHR.BN-RNO8 congenic substrains. In this communication, we are presenting the assignment of two further putative candidate genes, which might be involved in blood pressure control to the BN/PD differential segment of the SHR-Lx congenic strain. These are: the gene coding for smooth muscle cell specific protein 22 (Sm22) defined by the D8Mcw1 marker and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene cluster, defined by the D8Bord1 marker. Moreover, the glutamate receptor gene Grik4 which also maps to the differential segment of the SHR-Lx should be taken into account. The genetic separation of all these putative candidate genes of blood pressure control is being performed by recombinations and subsequent selection using (SHR×SHR-Lx) intercross population. 相似文献
14.
Pablo Manrique-Saide Sergio Ibáñez-Bernal Hugo Delfín-González Victor Parra Tabla 《Medical and veterinary entomology》1998,12(4):386-390
Abstract .The effect of the introduction of the entomophagous copepod Mesocyclops longisetus (Acuacultura F.C.B. strain) on the survival of Aedes aegypti immature stages in car tyres was evaluated under semi-natural conditions in the municipality of Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Life tables were constructed for the immature stages of the mosquito in the presence and absence of M. longisetus , and the survival data were compared using log–linear models. The data set was adjusted using the GLIM statistical package and the quality of adjustment was evaluated with a chi-squared test . Survivorship curves were constructed for each treatment.
In the absence of M. longisetus , the survivorship of Ae. aegypti immature stages averaged 9%. The highest mortality rate was observed during the fourth larval instar (54%) and the resulting survival pattern corresponded to a type II survivorship curve. The mortality rate of Ae. aegypti first-instar larvae (fifty per tyre) increased more than 200-fold in the presence of M. longisetus (twenty per tyre) and the highest mortality was during the first two larval instars, where it reached 98.9%, with a resulting survivorship of 0.2%. Overall mortality was sixfold greater in the presence of the copepod than in its absence. The survival pattern of immature stages of Ae. aegypti in the presence of the copepod corresponded to a type III survivorship curve. As M. longisetus was so effective against Ae. aegypti immature stages in tyres under semi-natural conditions, its long-term effectiveness should be evaluated under socially and ecologically realistic field conditions in Mexico. 相似文献
In the absence of M. longisetus , the survivorship of Ae. aegypti immature stages averaged 9%. The highest mortality rate was observed during the fourth larval instar (54%) and the resulting survival pattern corresponded to a type II survivorship curve. The mortality rate of Ae. aegypti first-instar larvae (fifty per tyre) increased more than 200-fold in the presence of M. longisetus (twenty per tyre) and the highest mortality was during the first two larval instars, where it reached 98.9%, with a resulting survivorship of 0.2%. Overall mortality was sixfold greater in the presence of the copepod than in its absence. The survival pattern of immature stages of Ae. aegypti in the presence of the copepod corresponded to a type III survivorship curve. As M. longisetus was so effective against Ae. aegypti immature stages in tyres under semi-natural conditions, its long-term effectiveness should be evaluated under socially and ecologically realistic field conditions in Mexico. 相似文献
15.
Abstract Both the intracellular and the extracellular concentration of cyclic AMP increases logarithmically in synchronously growing cultures of Escherichia coli . Thus, cyclic AMP by itself cannot regulate growth and division of the bacterium during the cell cycle. 相似文献
16.
Tarun K. Dam Manju Sarkar Jharna Ghosal Amalesh Choudhury 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1992,117(1):1-9
Control Analysis has been carried out in the first steps of a rat liver glycolytic system. Attention has been focused on the effect of several glucose concentrations on the control, particularly regarding the role of glucokinase. From kinetic studies of the whole metabolic system we have obtained information on the flux variation under different glucose concentrations. This information together with the kinetics of glucokinase has allowed us to calculate Flux Control and Elasticity Coefficients for glucokinase and the Response Coefficient of the system with respect to glucose. The changes in of the value of Flux Control Coefficients demonstrates that in conditions of low glucose concentration, glucokinase is the main enzyme in controlling the flux through the pathway, but at high glucose concentration the control moves to phosphofructokinase. Next, we have compared our results with those obtained with the shortening and titration method, previously described (Torres, N.V., Mateo, F., Mélendez-Hevia, E. and Kacser, H., (1986) Biochem. J. 234, 169–174; Torres, N.V. and Meléndez-Hevia, E. 1991. Molec. Cell. Biochem. 101, 1–10). Furthermore, from knowledge of the enzyme kinetics of the system we have been able to build a model of the pathway that allows us computer similation of its behavior and calculation of the Flux Control Coefficient profile at different glucose concentrations. By the three methods the results correlate, supporting the use of the pathway substrate as external modulator of the metabolic system as a tool for practical application of Control Analysis. 相似文献
17.
18.
Thomas Scheper 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》1992,9(3-4):163-172
Summary A short review about the biosensor research activities for bioprocess monitoring in the F.R.G. after its reunification is given. The principles of biosensor applications are presented. In situ sensors and sensors based on the principles of flow injection analysis are studied. Some applications of a four-channel enzyme thermistor, bio-field effect transistors, and immunoanalysis systems for real process monitoring are presented. 相似文献
19.
In patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD), we analyzed correlations between the parameters of contingent negative
variation (CNV) and data of variational pulsometry (according to the measurements of R-R ECG intervals). Studies were carried
out on 35 patients (group PD), 49 to 74 years old, with the stage of disease of 1.5 to 3.0 according to the Hoehn-Yahr international
classification. In the course of CNV recording (i.e., in the state of a certain functional loading), we observed significant
negative correlations between the integral magnitude (area) of this potential and indices of variational pulsometry (RMSSD,
SDNN, C. var, and HF) that characterize the intensity of parasympathetic (respiratory) influences on the cardiovascular system.
In the control group, such correlations were absent. We found significant correlations between the autonomic balance, CNV
magnitude, and stage of PD reflecting the level of generalization of the pathological process. In the subgroup of patients
with the PD stage 1.5 to 2.0, significant changes in the mean values of indices of parasympathetic influences during recording
of the CNV were not observed, while in another subgroup (the PD stage 2.5 to 3.0), these values increased significantly (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). If the estimates of the PD stage were low, the CNV area demonstrated greater values (P < 0.01). The disturbance of coordination of muscle-to-muscle interactions in the PD group is, probably, an important factor
responsible for parasympathetic dysregulation and suppression of the CNV generation. We found positive correlation between
the intensity of parasympathetic influences in the course of CNV recording and the level of postural disorders (r = 0.37, P < 0.05). On the contrary, the CNV magnitude demonstrated a negative correlation with the intensity of these disorders (r = −0.36, P < 0.05), as well as with the level of postural instability (r = −0.55, P < 0.001). We hypothesize that alterations of the autonomic balance and the activity of those cerebral structures, which are
responsible for the motor readiness, result, to a significant extent, from weakening of the activity of the noradrenergic
system due to degenerative processes developing in cells of the locus coeruleus. The impairment of the latter structure, together with degeneration of neurons of the substantia nigra and a decrease in the level of nigro-striatal dopamine, underlies the pathomorphological pattern of PD.
Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 242–253, May–June, 2008. 相似文献
20.
《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2018,12(10):2138-2146
Numerous studies have shown that providing straw to pigs can reduce undesirable behaviours such as aggression, tail biting and stereotypy. The measurement of various neuromodulators can be helpful in assessing the development of positive behaviours and overall animal welfare. The oxytocin release is frequently linked to positive emotions and positive welfare. It has been suggested that oxytocin modulates the serotoninergic system. This study aims to investigate the potential effect of straw provision in pigs on peripheral levels of oxytocin and serotonin. In total, 18 mini-pigs were involved in an exploratory study conducted in two parallel groups, Enriched (n=10) and Control (n=8) groups. Pigs were divided by group and housed in pens of two individuals. Straw was provided continuously only in Enriched group and renewed each day for 2 weeks. Two blood samples were drawn from each animal 5 to 10 min before providing the straw, and 15 min after providing straw, during the 1st week, to analyse peripheral changes in oxytocin and serotonin before and after straw provision, and determine the existence of a putative short-term effect. The same procedure was carried out for Control group, without straw provision. Long-term effects of straw provision were also examined using blood samples drawn at the same hour from each animal in the 2nd and 3rd weeks. During this time, animals had the permanent possibility to explore the straw in Enriched group but not in Control group. At the end of each week, one animal-keeper completed two visual analogue scales for each mini-pig regarding the difficulty/ease to work with and handle it and its trust in humans. Results showed peripheral oxytocin increases in both groups after 2 weeks (P=0.02). Results did not demonstrate any effect of providing straw to allow exploratory behaviour on peripheral serotonin. Other results were not significant. This preliminary study explored the relationship between peripheral oxytocin and serotonin and the presence of straw that allow pigs to perform exploratory behaviour, suggesting that there was no relationship between them. Some future studies may include crossing oxytocin and serotonin with other parameters, such as behavioural measures, to obtain more information about the true state of the animal and any possible relationship with pig welfare. 相似文献