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141.
Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) are essential for small G proteins to activate their downstream signaling pathways, which are involved in morphogenesis, cell adhesion, and migration. Mutants of Gef26, a PDZ-GEF (PDZ domain-containing guanine nucleotide exchange factor) in Drosophila, exhibit strong defects in wings, eyes, and the reproductive and nervous systems. However, the precise roles of Gef26 in development remain unclear. In the present study, we analyzed the role of Gef26 in synaptic development and function. We identified significant decreases in bouton number and branch length at larval neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in Gef26 mutants, and these defects were fully rescued by restoring Gef26 expression, indicating that Gef26 plays an important role in NMJ morphogenesis. In addition to the observed defects in NMJ morphology, electrophysiological analyses revealed functional defects at NMJs, and locomotor deficiency appeared in Gef26 mutant larvae. Furthermore, Gef26 regulated NMJ morphogenesis by regulating the level of synaptic Fasciclin II (FasII), a well-studied cell adhesion molecule that functions in NMJ development and remodeling. Finally, our data demonstrate that Gef26-specific small G protein Rap1 worked downstream of Gef26 to regulate the level of FasII at NMJs, possibly through a βPS integrin-mediated signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings define a novel role of Gef26 in regulating NMJ development and function.  相似文献   
142.
辽东山区次生林木本植物空间分布   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
森林木本植物的空间格局有助于揭示群落结构的形成机制与潜在的生态学过程,且对林分经营具有一定指导意义。在0—50 m尺度范围内综合分析了辽东山区4 hm2温带次生林样地多度10的树种空间格局。研究发现:(1)在完全随机零模型下,大部分树种呈现聚集格局,聚集格局树种的比例随尺度增加而降低;在32 m的较大尺度下,随尺度增加,随机和规则格局成为树种分布的主要形式;(2)在异质性泊松过程零模型下,55.9%的树种呈现随机格局,其余大部分树种在10 m的尺度下呈现聚集格局,且随尺度增加,规则格局成为主要形式;(3)在完全随机零模型下,树种属性(林层、径级和多度)显著地影响种群聚集度,而在异质性泊松过程零模型下,树种属性对种群聚集度不存在显著影响。综上,生境异质性、扩散限制和树种属性部分解释了辽东山区次生林木本植物空间分布格局,相对而言,生境异质性的效应更为突出。研究结果有助于揭示次生林群落生物多样性的维持机制。  相似文献   
143.
This study examined the linkage between xylem vulnerability, stomatal response to leaf water potential (ΨL), and loss of leaf turgor in eight species of seasonally dry tropical forest trees. In order to maximize the potential variation in these traits species that exhibit a range of leaf habits and phenologies were selected. It was found that in all species stomatal conductance was responsive to ΨL over a narrow range of water potentials, and that ΨL inducing 50% stomatal closure was correlated with both the ΨL inducing a 20% loss of xylem hydraulic conductivity and leaf water potential at turgor loss in all species. In contrast, there was no correlation between the water potential causing a 50% loss of conductivity in the stem xylem, and the water potential at stomatal closure (ΨSC) amongst species. It was concluded that although both leaf and xylem characters are correlated with the response of stomata to ΨL, there is considerable flexibility in this linkage. The range of responses is discussed in terms of the differing leaf‐loss strategies exhibited by these species.  相似文献   
144.
甘蔗茎尖培养中减轻酚害   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
甘蔗茎尖组织预先在无菌水中浸泡30 min后,再接种到附加6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1、NAA 0.1 mg·L-1的MS培养基中,可减轻外植体的褐变;茎尖诱导培养基中直接附加适量的活性炭(AC,以0.02%为宜,最高不超过0.05%),减轻茎尖组织酚害的效果最理想.另外,在培养基中附加抗氧化剂(如:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,PVP),或根据外植体的褐变情况及时转移到新鲜的培养基中,均能减轻甘蔗茎尖组织的酚害.  相似文献   
145.
Activation of the O(2)(-) generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes results from the assembly of the membrane-bound flavocytochrome b(558) with cytosolic proteins, p67(phox), p47(phox), and Rac. However, it has been recently reported that the arachidonic acid- and calcium-binding heterodimer S100A8/A9, abundant in neutrophil cytosol, influences the activation process. In a semi-recombinant system comprising neutrophil membranes, recombinant proteins, p67(phox), p47(phox), GTPgamma S-loaded Rac2, and arachidonic acid (AA), both the rate and the extent of the oxidase activation were increased by S100A8/A9, provided it was preloaded with AA. Binding of [(14)C]AA to S100A8/A9 was potentiated by recombinant cytosolic phox proteins and GTPgammaS, suggesting the formation of a complex, comprising oxidase activating proteins and S100A8/A9, with a greater affinity for AA. The rate constant of oxidase activation was not increased by AA-loaded S100A8/A9, whereas the maximal oxidase activity elicited was twice as high. AA-loaded S100A8/A9 increases oxidase activation probably by decreasing the deactivation rate.  相似文献   
146.
东北地区城市针叶树冬季滞尘效应研究   总被引:58,自引:4,他引:58  
对不同种针叶树同一降尘条件及同种针叶树不同降尘条件的滞尘能力进行研究,结果表明,针叶树在东北的冬季有很强的滞尘作用,不同的针叶树滞尘能力排序为沙松冷杉>沙地云杉>红皮云杉>东北红豆杉>白皮松>华山松>油松,不同针叶树叶表面结构不同,滞尘量较小的白皮松、华山松和油松表面平滑,细胞与气孔排列整齐,而滞尘量较大的红皮云杉、沙松冷杉、东北红豆杉的针叶表皮平滑程度较差,细胞与气孔排列较前3种植物差,在红皮云杉叶表面上有大小不等的瘤状物,不同针叶树叶断面形状与滞尘量相关,白皮松和油松叶片的上表面呈弧形,不易附着灰尘;华山松叶片呈三棱形,上表面较窄,附着灰尘的量较小;两种云杉的叶片呈四棱形,上表面较3种松属植物的叶片要宽与平展,因此相对滞尘量要大;沙松冷杉和东北红豆杉的叶断面形状都较扁、平,这种断面正是构成其滞尘量大于3种松属和两种云杉属植物的主要因素。  相似文献   
147.
Adult female frogs Rana ridibunda were exposed to 50 and 100 ppm of Cu (as CuCl2) dissolved in water for 5, 15 and 30 days. We measured the Cu content in the liver, kidneys, ventral skin, and large intestine. Hepatic metallothionein (MT) was also measured and we identified by elution the type of proteins bound to copper. Gross morphological characteristics of the frogs were not affected by Cu accumulation. Cu uptake took place first across the skin, then accumulated first in the large intestine, and then in the liver which was continuously accumulating Cu at all exposure concentrations and times. The highest concentration of the metal was recorded in the kidneys at 30 days and 100 ppm exposure. It appears that the kidneys act as the secondary route of Cu detoxification, probably after a Cu overload of liver. The concentration of hepatic MT increased with the increase of Cu concentration in liver at the 5th and 15th day of exposure but we observed a decrease by the end of the experiment. Cu was observed in the MT-fraction, and in the high-molecular weight protein fraction.  相似文献   
148.
化学性大气污染的植物修复与绿化树种选择(综述)   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
简要介绍化学性大气污染的植物修复过程与机理,阐述植物对空气污染物抗性研究的主要方法和抗性指标,以及修复大气污染绿化树种的选择依据。  相似文献   
149.
细菌冰核提高印度谷螟过冷却点的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
印度谷螟(Plodia interpunctella)是一种不耐结冰的昆虫,在冬季它通过降低过冷却 点以避免结冰。现已查明,冰核活性细菌能显著提高植物的过冷却点,导致许多作物在较高 的温度下发生霜冻害。本文也证明细菌冰核能显著提高印度谷螟虫的过冷却点。对照的平均过冷却点是-17.6℃;分别用0.1g和1g细菌冰核与1kg面粉混合后进行处理,平均过冷却点分别比对照提高了12.8℃和13.6℃。研究结果支持这样的观点:细菌冰核有可能成为一种在冬季使用的、杀灭不耐结冰害虫的生物制剂。  相似文献   
150.
土壤动物在退化生态系统的恢复与重建中发挥着重要作用.为了解铜尾矿复垦地区土壤动物群落特征的变化规律,采用样带法和陷阱法对安徽铜陵市林冲铜尾矿复垦地及其外围林灌地土壤动物群落进行调查.样带法共获得土壤动物3 154只,隶属5门10纲,共计27个类群,优势类群为线虫纲、弹尾目和蜱螨目,常见类群为猛水蚤目和鞘翅目幼虫;陷阱法共获得土壤动物2 160只,主要有弹尾目、膜翅目、双尾目、蜘蛛目、倍足纲和寡毛纲等12类群.自铜尾矿复垦地中心到外围林灌地,土壤动物密度和丰度呈递增趋势;与外围林灌地相比,铜尾矿复垦地土壤动物群落多样性DG指数较低而Shannon-Wiener指数较高;与外围林灌地距离越大,与外围林灌地群落相似性系数越小;表聚性越明显.地表土壤动物从外围林灌地迁入铜尾矿复垦地的多度和丰富度随间隔距离的增加而不断减少,随调查时间的延长而增加,随外围林灌类型的变化而变化.上述结果表明,铜尾矿复垦地及其外围林灌地土壤动物群落之间具有明显的时空差异性和渐变性,这为外围林灌地土壤动物迁入铜尾矿复垦地定居提供了证据.  相似文献   
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