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111.
The effects of a paper mill effluent on the macroinvertebrate community were assessed for the riffle areas of a large fast-flowing stream, the lower reaches of the Saranac River of northern New York State, U.S.A. The effluent caused few changes in dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, biochemical oxygen demand, temperature or nutrient content; however, significant differences in transmitted light, concentrations of particulates and accumulated debris on the substrate were observed. A moderate decrease in invertebrate diversity correlated with increased levels of particulates and substrate debris. An analysis of the response of invertebrate functional groups revealed the effluent had little effect on the density of gathering collector organisms. The functional groups most severely reduced in density were the filtering collectors and scrapers. Predators showed a moderate reduction in density in response to the effluent. The alterations in invertebrate densities were attributed largely to the alterations in seston and substrate caused by the introduction of particulates composed mainly of paper fiber and inert dye.  相似文献   
112.
This review explores the recent epidemiological literature to identify possible risk factors for childhood asthma development, as well as the proportion of cases that might be attributable to each factor. Tobacco smoke and house-dust-mite allergy are the only environmental risk factors with firmly established roles in asthma development. Together with genetics, these risk factors probably account for much of childhood asthma development. Suggestive risk factors include cockroach, pet, and mold allergens; low birth weight; small family size; and viral infection. More theoretical risk factors include insufficient breastfeeding, obesity/inactivity, ambient ozone, and living in non-farm settings. National/international trends suggest several risk factors that could play major roles in the rising prevalence of asthma. The “tighter” building construction of modern housing and the increasing time that children spend indoors has undoubtedly increased indoor allergen exposures. Children also spend more time in sedentary activities, with a concomitant decrease in physical activity and increase in obesity. Modern “hygiene” and the changing nature of childhood infection may have also increased asthma prevalence. Mechanisms have been suggested implicating ambient air pollution in asthma development, and there is limited epidemiological evidence supporting this hypothesis. However, this evidence does not resolve why pollution levels have been decreasing throughout the period that asthma rates have risen  相似文献   
113.
用硅藻计于1990年采集珠江广州河段的9个采样点的附着硅藻群落.共得硅藻24个属,170个分类单位,其中,适腐性种8个,广腐性种84个,仍腐性种78个.群落相似性聚类分析表明,位于前、后航道中部的员村(st3),新造(st8),沙浴村(si10)三点的硅藻群落结构是为相似,向上,下游相似性逐渐减小.用硅藻群集指数(DAIpo)和河流污染指数(RPId)对各采样断面的水质进行分析表明:大盛(st12)和莲花山(st5)两点受污染最轻,属β-寡污带,黄沙点(st2)污染最严重,属α-中污带.对照点鸦岗(St1)也受到一定的污染,属α-寡污带,其它点的污染程度在α-寡污带与β-中污带之间.DAIpo值与BODS存在着显著的负相关(r=0.86).珠江广州河段的前、后航道的污染程度相差不大(RPId=56.42,56.26),均属中度污染.  相似文献   
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Yue YR  Loh JM 《Biometrics》2011,67(3):937-946
In this work we propose a fully Bayesian semiparametric method to estimate the intensity of an inhomogeneous spatial point process. The basic idea is to first convert intensity estimation into a Poisson regression setting via binning data points on a regular grid, and then model the log intensity semiparametrically using an adaptive version of Gaussian Markov random fields to smooth the corresponding counts. The inference is carried by an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation algorithm. Compared to existing methods for intensity estimation, for example, parametric modeling and kernel smoothing, the proposed estimator not only provides inference regarding the dependence of the intensity function on possible covariates, but also uses information from the data to adaptively determine the amount of smoothing at the local level. The effectiveness of using our method is demonstrated through simulation studies and an application to a rainforest dataset.  相似文献   
116.
Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) are essential for small G proteins to activate their downstream signaling pathways, which are involved in morphogenesis, cell adhesion, and migration. Mutants of Gef26, a PDZ-GEF (PDZ domain-containing guanine nucleotide exchange factor) in Drosophila, exhibit strong defects in wings, eyes, and the reproductive and nervous systems. However, the precise roles of Gef26 in development remain unclear. In the present study, we analyzed the role of Gef26 in synaptic development and function. We identified significant decreases in bouton number and branch length at larval neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in Gef26 mutants, and these defects were fully rescued by restoring Gef26 expression, indicating that Gef26 plays an important role in NMJ morphogenesis. In addition to the observed defects in NMJ morphology, electrophysiological analyses revealed functional defects at NMJs, and locomotor deficiency appeared in Gef26 mutant larvae. Furthermore, Gef26 regulated NMJ morphogenesis by regulating the level of synaptic Fasciclin II (FasII), a well-studied cell adhesion molecule that functions in NMJ development and remodeling. Finally, our data demonstrate that Gef26-specific small G protein Rap1 worked downstream of Gef26 to regulate the level of FasII at NMJs, possibly through a βPS integrin-mediated signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings define a novel role of Gef26 in regulating NMJ development and function.  相似文献   
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118.
一类一级饱和反应系统的极限环   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文对一类一级饱和反应系统进行定性分析,得到(1)存在一个唯一环和存在两个(内不稳外稳)环的条件。  相似文献   
119.
干巴菌菌丝营养生理特性的初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文报道了不同碳源、氮源、微量元素及维生素培养基对干巴菌菌丝生长的影响。试验表明,干巴菌菌丝利用最好的碳原是葡萄糖,其次是蔗糖;利用最好的氮源是硝酸钙,其次是硝酸铁和硫酸饮,对蛋白际和尿素的利用效果差。缺少联源或氮源时菌丝生长细弱、稀少,不形成原基。微量元素和维生素均对干巴菌菌丝生长有促进作用,其中以锰、铜和维生素B2的作用尤为突出。  相似文献   
120.
A new approach for detection of point mutations has been developed. The nonradioactive test system proposed is based on enzymatic ligation of a tandem of three short oligonucleotides B∼pN8+pN4+pN′8 Bio in the presence of a complementary DNA template. The 5′-terminal octanucleotide B∼pN8 is immobilized on polymer methacrylate beads (B) and the 3′-terminal octanucleotide pN′8 Bio contains a biotin residue at the 3′-phosphate. Ligation of the tandem produces a 20-mer biotinylated oligonucleotide on a polymer bead, which is then visualized via subsequent treatments with streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate and chromogenic substrates. Intense staining of the polymer beads is observed when the amount of DNA template (20-mer oligonucleotide) is as low as ∼10−14 mol. It is shown that practically no polymer staining is observed when the complex formed by the tandem and the 20-mer DNA template contains a mismatch either in the tetranucleotide duplex or in the duplex of octanucleotide immobilized on the beads. This suggests a possibility of using the presented approach in test systems for detection of point mutations in PCR-amplified DNA fragments.  相似文献   
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