腺样体手术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的临床疗效观察

目的:观察腺样体手术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的临床效果。方法:选择分泌性中耳炎合并腺样体肥大患儿80例(160耳),将其随机分为手术组和对照组,每组40例,手术组患儿给予腺样体消融手术治疗,而对照组患儿进行保守治疗,观察和比较两组治疗1个月后的临床疗效。结果:治疗1个月后,手术组治愈72耳,好转6耳,治疗总有效率为97.5%,而对照组治愈8耳,好转20耳,治疗总有效率为35%,较手术组显著降低(P0.05)。结论:腺样体切除是治疗分泌性中耳炎的有效途径,治疗中应尽可能避免并发症的发生,恢复和保护咽鼓管的生理功能。     

svp基因在果蝇副心肌细胞生长中的作用

果蝇心脏位于身体背部,是一个体节性重复的线性管状结构。在hedgehog（hh）基因的信号诱导下,seven-up（svp）基因调控果蝇的心脏发育,在每个体节的两个心肌细胞和两个副心肌细胞中表达。结果表明,在svp纯合突变体中,报告基因lacZ在心肌细胞中的表达图式正常,但在副心肌细胞中的表达图型明显异常,而且部分EPC细胞生长尺寸增加。某些体节的DA1肌肉祖细胞缺失,晚期突变体胚胎体壁肌肉细胞也呈现异常,表明基因svp的活性对果蝇副心肌细胞、DA1肌肉祖细胞和体壁肌肉细胞的分化是必须的,并且可能与EPC副心肌细胞的尺寸生长有关。     

Morphology of the pupal heart,adult heart,and associated tissues in the fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster

The early pupal heart of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has recently been the subject of intense physiological and molecular work, yet it has not been well described, nor has it been compared with the heart of the adult fly. In the work reported here, the hearts of adults and early pupae of D. melanogaster were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and by light microscopy. The hearts of adults and early pupae both consist of a tube of circular striated muscle one cell in thickness. The alary muscles, which suspend the heart, are more delicate in the adult compared to the early pupa. The pericardial cells in both early pupae and adults are connected to the heart by connective tissue radiating from the alary muscles or dorsal diaphragm. We confirm that four major changes occur in the heart during metamorphosis: 1) a conical chamber is formed de novo in the first and second abdominal segments; 2) the adult heart curves to conform to the contour of the abdomen; 3) a layer of longitudinal striated muscle appears on the ventral surface of the heart; 4) a fourth pair of ostia is added to the three already present in the early pupa; and note additionally that 5) the ostia appear as simple openings in the heart of the early pupa but are valve‐like in the adult. J. Morphol. 240:225–235, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Automatic deep learning-based pleural effusion classification in lung ultrasound images for respiratory pathology diagnosis

Lung ultrasound (LUS) imaging as a point-of-care diagnostic tool for lung pathologies has been proven superior to X-ray and comparable to CT, enabling earlier and more accurate diagnosis in real-time at the patient’s bedside. The main limitation to widespread use is its dependence on the operator training and experience. COVID-19 lung ultrasound findings predominantly reflect a pneumonitis pattern, with pleural effusion being infrequent. However, pleural effusion is easy to detect and to quantify, therefore it was selected as the subject of this study, which aims to develop an automated system for the interpretation of LUS of pleural effusion. A LUS dataset was collected at the Royal Melbourne Hospital which consisted of 623 videos containing 99,209 2D ultrasound images of 70 patients using a phased array transducer. A standardized protocol was followed that involved scanning six anatomical regions providing complete coverage of the lungs for diagnosis of respiratory pathology. This protocol combined with a deep learning algorithm using a Spatial Transformer Network provides a basis for automatic pathology classification on an image-based level. In this work, the deep learning model was trained using supervised and weakly supervised approaches which used frame- and video-based ground truth labels respectively. The reference was expert clinician image interpretation. Both approaches show comparable accuracy scores on the test set of 92.4% and 91.1%, respectively, not statistically significantly different. However, the video-based labelling approach requires significantly less effort from clinical experts for ground truth labelling.     

Burkitt''s lymphoma: a pericardial presentation

Described herein is a case of childhood Burkitt's lymphoma initially presenting as a pericardial effusion. A cytological diagnosis was made from a Wright's-Giemsa stained cytospin preparation. Supporting diagnostic evidence was provided by immunological surface marker analysis and electron microscopy. To our knowledge, Burkitt's lymphoma has not hitherto been diagnosed initially from the morphology of cells in pericardial fluid.     

Decreased Bioenergetic Health Index in monocytes isolated from the pericardial fluid and blood of post-operative cardiac surgery patients

Monitoring the bioenergetics of leucocytes is now emerging as an important approach in translational research to detect mitochondrial dysfunction in blood or other patient samples. Using the mitochondrial stress test, which involves the sequential addition of mitochondrial inhibitors to adherent leucocytes, we have calculated a single value, the Bioenergetic Health Index (BHI), which represents the mitochondrial function in cells isolated from patients. In the present report, we assess the BHI of monocytes isolated from the post-operative blood and post-operative pericardial fluid (PO-PCF) from patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Analysis of the bioenergetics of monocytes isolated from patients’ PO-PCF revealed a profound decrease in mitochondrial function compared with monocytes isolated from their blood or from healthy controls. Further, patient blood monocytes showed no significant difference in the individual energetic parameters from the mitochondrial stress test but, when integrated into the BHI evaluation, there was a significant decrease in BHI compared with healthy control monocytes. These data support the utility of BHI measurements in integrating the individual parameters from the mitochondrial stress test into a single value. Supporting our previous finding that the PO-PCF is pro-oxidant, we found that exposure of rat cardiomyocytes to PO-PCF caused a significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). These findings support the hypothesis that integrated measures of bioenergetic health could have prognostic and diagnostic value in translational bioenergetics.