基于SPEI指数的淮河流域干旱时空演变特征及影响研究

运用淮河流域149个气象站1962—2016年逐日气温、降水资料以及历史旱情资料,基于SPEI、EOF和M-K等方法分析淮河流域的干旱时空特征,研究干旱的时空演变规律并揭示其对农业生产的影响。结果表明:(1)基于SPEI得到的干旱频次与受灾、成灾面积的相关性通过了0.1的显著性水平检验,表明SPEI在淮河流域具有较好的适用性;(2)淮河流域干旱发生时间差异明显,干旱次数呈现波动变化,发生重旱和特旱次数占总干旱的比重是20.0%,其中重旱和特旱在1960s比重最大(24.8%),其次是2010s(15.8%),在1980s比重最低(10.0%);(3)干旱的空间分布差异大,淮河流域干旱频率在27.76%—36.04%之间,西北部和东南部发生干旱强度较西南部、东北部及中部低;(4)淮河流域总体呈干旱化的趋势,从中部到四周呈现由高到低递减的趋势变化,且空间模态表现为全区一致型、南北相反型和东西相反型。     

地黄SCoT分子标记体系的建立和指纹图谱的构建

该研究采用L_(25)(5~6)正交设计和单因素两种方法,对影响地黄SCoT-PCR反应的5个因素(模板DNA浓度,引物浓度,ddH_2O和Mix的用量以及退火温度)进行了优化。结果表明:优化后的反应体系总体积为25μL,含有8μL ddH_2O,1μL模板DNA(80 ng·μL~(-1)),1μL引物(8μmol·L~(-1))和15μL Mix,退火温度为45℃。运用30份地黄种质材料,对优化的SCoT-PCR正交体系进行多次重复验证,获得了多态性丰富、条带清晰的扩增图谱,证明该反应体系稳定可靠。利用该体系对32条SCoT引物进行两次筛选,得到14个扩增产物清晰、重复性好且多态性条带相对较高的引物。利用SCoT_4等5条引物构建了上述地黄2个种共30份种质的SCoT指纹图谱。利用这5个SCoT引物指纹图谱可将7个地黄常用栽培品种区分开。这表明SCoT分子标记体系适用于地黄主要品种亲缘关系及遗传多样性的研究,所构建的指纹图谱也为地黄常见的7个栽培品种的区分提供参考依据。     

陕西不同区域苹果林土壤水分动态和水分生产力模拟

基于WinEPIC和偏最小二乘回归模型对1981—2016年陕西不同区域成龄苹果林的水分生产力影响因子和土壤水分动态进行比较.结果表明: 研究期间,陕北丘陵沟壑区、渭北残塬区和关中平原区成龄苹果林年均产量分别为16.94、22.62和25.70 t·hm^-2,年均蒸散量分别为511.2、614.9和889.88 mm,水分生产力分别为3.81、3.82和3.24 kg·m^-3.在陕北区和渭北区,林地水分胁迫最严重,年均胁迫天数分别为54.89、28.38 d,关中区的N素胁迫较为剧烈,年均胁迫天数为25.87 d.陕北区和渭北区影响苹果林产量的最大因子是降水量,其标准化回归系数分别为0.274和0.235,但施N量对产量也有较大影响,回归系数分别达0.224和0.232;关中区的最大影响因子为施N量,回归系数为0.335,其次是供水量和施P量,回归系数分别为0.154和0.147.陕北区和渭北区影响苹果林水分生产力的最大因子是降水量,其标准化回归系数分别0.238和0.194;关中区最主要的影响因子为施N量和供水量,回归系数分别为0.182和0.178.在模拟期间,陕北区、渭北区和关中区苹果林地的过耗水总量分别为1152.17、1342.95和1372.42 mm,2~15 m土层土壤有效含水量下降速率分别为63.44、57.08、51.41 mm·a^-1,深层土壤干层出现时间分别为8、13和17年后,干层稳定至11 m深的时间分别为18、21和26年,干燥化严重.不同区域苹果林的管理重心应参考水分生产力的主导因子确定.     

Determination of community structure through deconvolution of PLFA-FAME signature of mixed population

Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) as biomarkers are well established in the literature. A general method based on least square approximation (LSA) was developed for the estimation of community structure from the PLFA signature of a mixed population where biomarker PLFA signatures of the component species were known. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) standards were used as species analogs and mixture of the standards as representative of the mixed population. The PLFA/FAME signatures were analyzed by gas chromatographic separation, followed by detection in flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The PLFAs in the signature were quantified as relative weight percent of the total PLFA. The PLFA signatures were analyzed by the models to predict community structure of the mixture. The LSA model results were compared with the existing "functional group" approach. Both successfully predicted community structure of mixed population containing completely unrelated species with uncommon PLFAs. For slightest intersection in PLFA signatures of component species, the LSA model produced better results. This was mainly due to inability of the "functional group" approach to distinguish the relative amounts of the common PLFA coming from more than one species. The performance of the LSA model was influenced by errors in the chromatographic analyses. Suppression (or enhancement) of a component's PLFA signature in chromatographic analysis of the mixture, led to underestimation (or overestimation) of the component's proportion in the mixture by the model. In mixtures of closely related species with common PLFAs, the errors in the common components were adjusted across the species by the model.     

Dynamic analysis of GS-NS0 cells producing a recombinant monoclonal antibody during fed-batch culture

In this study we have analyzed the dynamic covariation of the mammalian cell proteome with respect to functional phenotype during fed-batch culture of NS0 murine myeloma cells producing a recombinant IgG(4) monoclonal antibody. GS-NS0 cells were cultured in duplicate 10 L bioreactors (36.5 degrees C, 15% DOT, pH 7.0) for 335 h and supplemented with a continuous feed stream after 120 h. Cell-specific growth rate declined continuously after 72 h of culture. Cell-specific recombinant monoclonal antibody production rate (qP) varied sixfold through culture. Whilst qP correlated with relative recombinant heavy chain mRNA abundance up to 216 h, qP subsequently declined, independent of recombinant heavy chain or light chain mRNA abundance. GS-NS0 cultures were sampled at 48 h intervals between 24 and 264 h of culture for proteomic analyses. Total protein abundance and nascent polypeptide synthesis was determined by 2D PAGE of unlabeled proteins visualized by SYPRO Ruby and autoradiography of (35)S-labeled polypeptides, respectively. Covariation of nascent polypeptide synthesis and abundance with biomass-specific cell growth, glucose and glutamate consumption, lactate and Mab production rates were then examined using two partial least squares regression models. Most changes in polypeptide synthesis or abundance for proteins previously identified by mass spectrometry were positively correlated with biomass-specific growth rate. We conclude that the substantial transitions in cell physiology and qP that occur during culture utilize a relatively constant complement of the most abundant host cell machines that vary primarily with respect to induced changes in cell growth rate.     

WHY DO SOME SIBLINGS ATTACK EACH OTHER? COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AGGRESSION IN AVIAN BROODS

In many parentally fed species, siblings compete for food not only by begging and scrambling, but also by violently attacking each other. This aggressive competition has mostly been studied in birds, where it is often combined with dominance subordination, aggressive intimidation, and siblicide. Previous experimental and theoretical studies proposed several life-history, morphological, and behavioral variables that may facilitate the evolution of broodmate aggression, and explain its taxonomic distribution. Here we apply phylogenetic comparative analyses for the first time to test the influence of five hypothesized facilitators of the evolution of broodmate aggression, analyzing 69 species in seven avian families using two quantitative measures of aggression: incidence and intensity. We show that incidence and intensity of aggression increase with long nestling periods and indirect feeding, and small brood size is associated with intense aggression. Large food parcels were not correlated with either the incidence or intensity of aggression. Our study suggests that indirect feeding, long nestling periods, and small broods, possibly in combination with other factors, have tended to favor the evolution of aggressive broodmate competition.     

粘红酵母和钝顶螺旋藻混合培养生产微生物油脂培养基优化

通过单因素实验和正交实验对粘红酵母和钝顶螺旋藻混合培养的培养基进行了优化,得到的优化培养基于5L发酵罐中实验,葡萄糖质量浓度低于10．0g／L时,开始流加600g／L葡萄糖,控制葡萄糖质量浓度在（20±5）g/L,最终得到的油脂产量达到16．0g／L。     

基于Sentinel-2数据的草地植物功能多样性遥感反演及其与生产力的关系

生物多样性与生态系统功能的关系是当前生态学研究的焦点和难点。植物功能多样性是影响生态系统功能的重要指标, 开展植物功能多样性的研究对了解生物多样性与生态系统功能之间的关系有着重要意义。传统的草地植物功能多样性研究多以实地调查为主, 不仅费时费力, 而且由于受到时空的限制, 很难拓展到大尺度的研究中。遥感技术的发展为评估草地功能多样性提供了一种经济、有效的手段。该研究选取内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟乌拉盖管理区草甸草原为研究区, 利用Sentinel-2卫星影像和野外实测数据, 选取了波段及植被指数等46个特征变量, 探讨了逐步回归、偏最小二乘法(PLSR)和随机森林(RFR)等3种不同方法对草地植物功能丰富度(FRic)、功能均匀度(FEve)和功能离散度(FDiv)的反演精度, 并基于PLSR反演草地地上生物量, 进一步分析了研究区功能多样性与生产力的关系。研究结果表明: (1)波段B11、优化型土壤调节植被指数(OSAVI)、水波段指数(WBI)对FRic解释度最高; 波段B6、B10、B12、类胡萝卜素反射指数1 (CRI1)、双峰光学指数(D)、归一化差值指数45 (NDI45)等6个特征变量对FEve解释度最高; 波段B5、B9、B10、B11、加权差分植被指数(WDVI)、凸包面积等对FDiv解释度最高; (2)基于十折重复交叉验证, 利用逐步回归估算的FRic和FEve反演精度远高于其他两种回归方法, R²分别为0.52和0.44; 而利用PLSR方法估算的FDiv反演精度最高(R² = 0.61); (3)群落地上生物量反演精度为R² = 0.61; FRic与地上生产力的关系最好(R² = 0.40), 其次为FDiv (R² = 0.28)和FEve (R² = 0.27)。研究发现, 基于Sentinel-2卫星影像能较好地反演草地功能多样性和生产力, 为下一步能在大尺度上进行草地功能多样性估算及其与生产力关系研究提供了参考和依据。     

萎缩芽胞杆菌(Bacillus atrophaeus)GJW2-1可湿性粉剂研制及对党参灰霉病的防治效果

以萎缩芽胞杆菌（Bacillus atrophaeus）GJW2-1为试验材料,研制一种对党参灰霉病具有良好防治效果的可湿性粉剂。采用单因素法和正交试验法筛选出对菌株GJW2-1活性影响最小的载体和助剂及其配比,并对其稳定性和盆栽防效进行评价。结果表明,萎缩芽胞杆菌 GJW2-1 可湿性粉剂最佳配方为载体高岭土35%,分散剂羧甲基纤维素钠4%,紫外保护剂β-环糊精3%,湿润剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠10%。该可湿性粉剂活菌含量1×10⁹ cfu/g,湿润时间57 s,悬浮率81%,pH值7.1,含水率2.03%,且具有较好的稳定性。盆栽防效结果表明,该可湿性粉剂100倍稀释液对党参灰霉病的预防和治疗效果最好,分别为81.75%和71.56%。     

Expression and functional analysis of flotillins in Dugesia japonica

FLOTILLIN-1 and FLOTILLIN-2 are membrane rafts associated proteins that have been implicated in insulin and growth factor signaling, endocytosis, cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, cytoskeleton remodeling and membrane trafficking. Furthermore, FLOTILLINs also play important roles in the progression of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, the roles of flotillins are investigated in planarian Dugesia japonica. The results show that Djflotillin-1 and Djflotillin-2 play a key role in homeostasis maintenance and regeneration process by regulating the proliferation of the neoblast cells, they are not involved in the maintenance and regeneration of the central nervous system in planarians.