馆藏植物标本与iFlora

构建准确、有效的物种遗传信息库并运用其作为主要的物种鉴定检索数据库,是新一代植物志（iFlora）与传统植物志的本质区别。采集并准确鉴定数以万计的植物样品用于建立遗传信息库存在一定困难,随着遗传信息获取技术的快速发展,使馆藏植物标本成为获取遗传信息的重要补充,并具有提升遗传信息库建设速度和可靠性的较大潜能。本文结合已有的研究和实验室多年工作实践,论述了植物标本作为iFlora物种遗传信息提取材料的可行性和不可替代性;总结了标本遗传信息提取过程中的主要困难和存在问题,并提出一些解决方法;阐述了使用馆藏标本特别是利用模式标本材料构建遗传信息标准库对iFlora构建的重要作用和意义。     

适当浓度的过氧化氢诱导人支气管上皮细胞发生钙振荡

包括过氧化氢（Hzoz）在内的活性氧通过引起细胞内钙的变化而造成细胞损伤。然而,不同浓度的H202可以导致细胞内不同的钙变化,并激活不同的信号通路。细胞内钙振荡是其中的一种钙信号变化形式,钙振荡可以调控转录因子NF—KB的活性。该研究探讨可以诱导支气管上皮细胞内钙振苏发生的H2o2浓度。体外培养人支气管上皮细胞,采取钙离子荧光探针Fura_2标记细胞。并使用离子成像系统,观测不同浓度的H：0：（0～1000μmol／L）作用下细胞内钙浓度的变化。结果发现,低于50μmol／L的H202仅仅引起“钙火花”;50～500μmol／L的H202导致细胞内钙振荡的发生;而1000μmol／L的H202引起细胞内持续的高钙;同时也证实150μmol／L的H202诱发明显的钙振荡,而钙振荡随后引起了NF—KB活性的升高。该研究提示,适当浓度的H：0：可以诱发支气管上皮细胞内钙振荡的发生,推测可能是活性氧导致慢性气道炎症损伤的一个机制。     

不同栽培管理梨园梨小食心虫发生程度研究

梨小食心虫Grapholitha molesta(Busck)是梨园中的一种重要害虫。本论文采用性诱剂诱集法研究了不同栽培管理条件下梨园梨小食心虫发生的情况。结果表明,在5种不同种植模式的果园中,梨小食心虫在单植桃园中发生最重,试验期间梨小食心虫的日平均诱蛾量为10.9头/盆,与其他4种栽植模式果园的诱捕量均呈显著差异,且混有桃树的果园中梨小食心虫的发生数量多,而单植梨园、梨苹果混栽园、单植苹果园的梨小食心虫发生相对较轻。果实套袋的管理方法也可以显著降低梨小食心虫的发生数量,非套袋梨园的日平均诱捕量为13.8头/盆,是套袋梨园的1.52倍。试验还表明,不同品种和不同树龄的梨树对梨小食心虫的抗虫性均存在显著差异。酥梨比巴梨的抗虫性差,试验期间酥梨园的日平均诱捕量为12.6头/盆,是巴梨园的2.21倍,而40年老酥梨园日平均诱蛾量为12.5头/盆,是20年酥梨园诱蛾量的2.5倍。     

低温对东方百合试管鳞茎解除休眠及生长的影响

以东方百合‘索邦’和‘西伯利亚’鳞片为外植体得到的一代试管小鳞茎为试材,研究0℃冷藏不同时间对试管鳞茎生理指标变化,以及试管鳞茎解除休眠和移栽后生长发育的影响。结果表明,冷藏0--28dN,随着冷藏时间的延长,试管鳞茎出苗率逐渐增加,冷藏处理28d达到最高,之后逐渐降低。冷藏期间,试管鳞茎中淀粉含量持续降低,而可溶性总糖和还原性糖含量表现出先升高后下降的趋势,冷藏处理28d的含量最高。同时,随着冷藏时间的延长,IAA和ZR含量逐渐升高,ABA含量逐渐下降,而GA。含量表现出先上升后下降的趋势,并且也在冷藏处理28dN-含量达到峰值。另外,采用隶属函数值对低温处理的试管苗栽培1年后所收获种球的数量、质量等指标进行评价,结果显示,均以低温处理28d时达到最大值。由此得出,0℃低温处理试管小鳞茎28d为解除休眠及促进生长发育的最适处理时间。     

不同口径陷阱诱捕器诱杀梨小食心虫研究

梨小食心虫Grapholitha molesta(Busck)是重要的蛀果类害虫之一,目前性信息素广泛应用于梨小食心虫防治,为明确性信息素陷阱诱捕器的诱捕效果,针对开口方式设计四面开口和两面开口两种处理的陷阱诱捕器;针对口径的大小下设计2、3、4、5、6 cm的5种口径的对口瓶陷阱式诱捕器,分别在桃园对梨小食心虫进行诱捕试验,诱捕结果显示两面开口的诱捕器诱捕效果比四面开口的诱捕器效果显著,口径为2 cm和3 cm的陷井式诱捕器诱捕效果最佳,诱捕量显著高于5 cm和6 cm,诱捕量达34.6头/日和20.4头/日。通过试验明确了陷阱诱捕器的最佳诱捕效果的参数,同时为测报及田间大量诱杀的诱捕器使用提供依据,为防控梨小食心虫性信息素诱捕器提供标准化参数。     

Response of Cat Ventrolateral Spinal Axons to an Itch-Producing Stimulus (Cowhage)

A comparison was made between different categories of mechanically sensitive, ventrolateral spinal axons to assess their sensitivity to the itch-producing substance cowhage. Of 52 wide-dynamic-range (WDR) units, 17 had contralateral, 22 had ipsilateral, and 13 had bilateral receptive fields. Of the 5 low-threshold units, 1 had an ipsilateral receptive field and the remainder were bilateral. Among the high-threshold units, 10 were contralateral, 6 ipsilateral, and 5 bilateral. Although there was no evidence of cowhage sensitivity in either low- or high-threshold spinal axons, neurons with WDR properties were reactive to cowhage. WDR neurons were subclassified on the basis of their resting discharge pattern as having intermittent, continuous, or no resting discharge. WDR units with an intermittent pattern of resting discharge demonstrated a significant sensitivity to active cowhage and hence might be regarded as pruritogen-responsive spinal axons. Inactive cowhage was used as a control stimulus. In some WDR units with large receptive fields, there were observations suggesting convergence of chemoreceptive and mechanoreceptive inputs, which produced inhibitory as well as excitatory effects.     

Revision of the genera Nemotha Wood-Mason, 1884 and Tricondylomimus Chopard, 1930 stat. rev., with description of a new species (Dictyoptera: Mantodea)

The oriental species previously included in the rarely collected genus Nemotha Wood-Mason, 1884 (Mantodea: Iridopterygidae) are revised. N. coomani (Chopard, 1930) and N. mirabilis Beier, 1933 strongly differ from the type species N. metallica (Westwood, 1845) by family-level morphological features, but share a unique type of forefemoral armament with the genera Hapalopeza Stål, 1877 and Amantis Giglio-Tos, 1915, suggesting Nemotha is of a polyphyletic nature. The genus Tricondylomimus Chopard, 1930 is resurrected from synonymy to accommodate T. coomani, T. mirabilis n. comb. and the species which is newly described in this article, T. intermedius n. sp. The monotypic genus Pseudogousa Tinkham, 1937 and its species P. sinensis Tinkham, 1937 are synonymized with Tricondylomimus and T. mirabilis, respectively. The genus Tricondylomimus is placed in Iridopterygidae, while Nemotha is transferred to Hymenopodidae: Anaxarchini.     

Reflexivity,tradition and racism in a former mining town

In this article I examine the formation of white working-class racialized discourses in a former coal-mining town in Leicestershire. I draw upon my ethnographic research in the area to explore the conditions in which young white adults confront, challenge and question what they perceive to be others’ conventional racist attitudes and beliefs, for example, the racist attitudes of members of their nuclear and extended families, friends and acquaintances. I argue that it is vital to examine these “moments of questioning” if white hegemony in predominantly working-class areas is to be understood.     

云南纳帕海湿地越冬黑鹳种群动态和迁徙

掌握种群动态以及迁徙习性对濒危候鸟的保护至关重要。2004~2005、2007~2008、2008~2009年的冬季(10月~次年4月),采用夜栖地直接计数法对云南省纳帕海湿地黑鹳(Ciconia nigra)的种群数量进行了监测。结果表明,在2004~2005、2007~2008、2008~2009年冬季,纳帕海湿地越冬黑鹳种群平均数量分别为39.6、128.6、181.8只,呈逐年增加的趋势;通常黑鹳10月下旬迁来,至次年3月中下旬迁离;纳帕海同时也是繁殖于蒙古国的黑鹳迁往印度越冬地的重要停歇地,过境时间集中在 11月中上旬。纳帕海湿地已经成为国内最为重要的黑鹳越冬地和迁徙停歇地,建议当地管理部门加强湿地管理,维持适当的浅水区域作为黑鹳的觅食地,另外需加强旅游管理,减少游客对黑鹳的干扰。     

Hormonal changes and energy substrate availability during the hibernation cycle of Syrian hamsters

Animals have to adapt to seasonal variations in food resources and temperature. Hibernation is one of the most efficient means used by animals to cope with harsh winter conditions, wherein survival is achieved through a significant decrease in energy expenditure. The hibernation period is constituted by a succession of torpor bouts (hypometabolism and decrease in body temperature) and periodic arousals (eumetabolism and euthermia). Some species feed during these periodic arousals, and thus show different metabolic adaptations to fat-storing species that fast throughout the hibernation period. Our study aims to define these metabolic adaptations, including hormone (insulin, glucagon, leptin, adiponectin, GLP-1, GiP) and metabolite (glucose, free fatty acids, triglycerides, urea) profiles together with body composition adjustments. Syrian hamsters were exposed to varied photoperiod and temperature conditions mimicking different phases of the hibernation cycle: a long photoperiod at 20 °C (LP20 group), a short photoperiod at 20 °C (SP20 group), and a short photoperiod at 8 °C (SP8). SP8 animals were sampled either at the beginning of a torpor bout (Torpor group) or at the beginning of a periodic arousal (Arousal group). We show that fat store mobilization in hamsters during torpor bouts is associated with decreased circulating levels of glucagon, insulin, leptin, and an increase in adiponectin. Refeeding during periodic arousals results in a decreased free fatty acid plasma concentration and an increase in glycemia and plasma incretin concentrations. Reduced incretin and increased adiponectin levels are therefore in accordance with the changes in nutrient availability and feeding behavior observed during the hibernation cycle of Syrian hamsters.