在双脉冲光刺激下瞳孔系统的采样控制特性

本文用实验揭示了瞳孔对光动态反应具有采样控制特性。实验中采用各种不同时间间隔的双脉冲光,以开环的方式(Maxwellian View)刺激瞳孔,当双脉冲之间间隔较长时,瞳孔反应相当于对双脉冲光的两次脉冲分别产生瞬态收缩;当双脉冲时间间隔短于0.6s 时,其反应就成了一次瞬态收缩,与单个光脉冲所引起的瞳孔反应一样。同—受试者的多次实验结果相同,不同受试者所得结果也基本一致。故瞳孔对脉冲刺激光引起反应后,必须至少约隔0.6s 才能对另一次脉冲光产生反应,这就说明了瞳孔动态反应具有离散的采样控制特性。实验还进一步证明,瞳孔系统的控制机制是双重模式的控制:不同的刺激条件下,瞳孔反应可呈现为瞬态反应(AC)或持续反应(DC),瞬态反应的 AC 通道为离散的采样控制,持续反应的 DC 通道为连续控制。     

脑片诱发电位计算机处理系统及其使用实例

用计算机处理脑片诱发电位可大大提高数据处理效率和信息提取率,并使大量、连续观察成为可能,本系统数据采集板与计算机之间采用DMA方式进行数据传送,包括采样子程序在内的全部处理程序均用高级BASIC语言编写,文中介绍了该程序各项功能和有关编程技巧以及海马脑片实验中的应用实例。     

Statistical techniques for detection of major genes in animal breeding data

Summary Statistical techniques for detection of major loci and for making inferences about major locus parameters such as genotypic frequencies, effects and gene action from field-collected data are presented. In field data, major genotypic effects are likely to be masked by a large number of environmental differences in addition to additive and nonadditive polygenic effects. A graphical technique and a procedure for discriminating among genetic hypotheses based on a mixed model accounting for all these factors are proposed. The methods are illustrated by using simulated data.Journal Paper No. J-12733 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa. Project No. 1901     

Analysis of electric and magnetic fields leaking from induction heaters

Results are presented of an investigation on electric and magnetic fields leaking from inductive (magnetic) heaters that are used for thermal processing of high-power electron tubes and lasers in an industrial plant. Measurements of electric and magnetic fields were done using both commercially available and laboratory-developed instrumentation. Isotropic H-field sensors were developed to allow quantitative evaluation of high-intensity magnetic fields. Ten induction heaters with nominal A.C. power ranging from 2.5 kW to 15 kW and operating at frequencies between 300 kHz and 790 kHz were surveyed. Electric field strengths up to 8 kV/m and magnetic field strengths up to 20 A/m were measured.     

The effects of external electric field on the electron transport system of spinach chloroplasts

Since the thylakoid membranes of an active chloroplast are constantly exposed to the electric fields generated by the electron transport system inside the membranes, we have studied the effects of pretreating chloroplasts of spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves with an external AC (alternating current) electric field on their electron transport system. It was found that a few minutes electric field pretreatment (333 V cm^-1 across chloroplast samples), especially at low frequency, irreversibly inhibited the activity of photosystem II (PSII), but under certain conditions, stimulated that of photosystem I (PSI). From the measurements of fluorescence from PSII, we ascribe the inhibition to a lesion close to its reaction center P680, leading to increased dissipation of excitation energy to heat. The effect on PSI was investigated by the reduction of its reaction center, P700 by various artificial donors. We suggest that the stimulative effect can be attributed to a positive shift of the surface charge density of thylakoid membranes that brings about an increase in the accessibility of exogenous electronegative donors.     

兰竹荔枝叶片营养元素适宜含量的研究

本研究旨在探讨福建荔枝最重要品种兰竹的叶片营养元素适宜含量。统计分析表明,不同地点、年份对同一品种叶片元素含量存在明显的差异;荔枝叶片含氮量变异系数最小,并按磷、镁、钙、钾依次增大。本研究初步提出的丰产兰竹荔枝秋梢叶片营养元素适宜含量为:氮1.5—2.2％,磷0.12—0.18％,钾0.7—1.4％,钙0.3—0.8％,及镁0.18一0.88％;其叶片氮、磷、钾、钙、镁的适宜比例是1:0.08:0.57:0.30:0.12。上列指标可供荔枝营养诊断指导施肥之参考。     

金桔组织培养中愈伤组织和芽形成的组织细胞学观察

用金桔茎段为外植体,培养在附加1.0毫克/升BA和0.l毫克/升IBA的MS培养基上,诱导愈伤组织和芽形成。观察了愈伤组织和芽形成过程中的组织细胞学变化。培养一周后,在茎组织切口两端开始膨大,细胞增大和开始分裂。培养两周后,开始形成瘤状愈伤组织。在愈伤组织中有形成层状分生组织、维管组织结节和分生细胞团。培养四周后,表层的分生细胞团分化形成大量芽原基,同时愈伤组织深层也出现分生细胞团。带节茎段可从切口两端的愈伤组织分化形成芽,亦可从叶腋的潜伏芽直接形成芽。     

The time and egg budget of Leptopilina clavipes, a parasitoid of larval Drosophila

Abstract.

• 1 For the understanding of the influence of natural selection on the persistence of host selection behaviour in populations of Drosophila parasitoids it is important to know whether parasitoids will become time- or egg-limited. We investigated whether the Drosophila parasitoid Leptopilina clavipes (Hartig) meets egg- or time-limited conditions in the field.
• 2 To this end the following aspects of the parasitoid's life were studied: egg load at emergence, travelling velocity between patches, patch residence times, oviposition rates and life expectancy. Together with the results from earlier studies on host and patch distributions, this formed the input of a ‘Monte Carlo’ simulation model, in which the life history of an individual parasitoid can be traced.
• 3 The simulations revealed that under the conditions found in the field 12.9% of the parasitoid population is egg-limited. The model was also run for a number of scenarios which reflect ‘good’ or ‘bad’ circumstances. In most cases a significant proportion of the parasitoid population proved to be egg-limited.
• 4 For the measurement of travelling velocities and patch residence times a marking method, especially applicable to small-sized parasitoids such as L.clavipes, is described. Marking did not affect survival, host habitat location or host detection rate. Parasitoids were found to be attracted to the odour of fruit-bodies of Phallus impudicus, the most important breeding substrate of their hosts.

     

磁场对大豆共生固氮的效应

恒定磁场处理慢生大豆根瘤菌“005”和接种后的大豆植株,发现磁场可以提高根瘤的固氮活性。在一定的磁场强度(70—100mT)下,固氮活性平均可以提高4—5倍,植株的结瘤数和根瘤重量平均提高2—3倍。从这样的根瘤中所分离出的根瘤菌,由慢生型转变成快生型,在100植株中有17株的根瘤分离出快生菌。生长世代时间和培养溶液中的pH值与慢生型不同,而与快生型相同。