稀疏效应下周期系数捕食-被捕食系统的全局渐近稳定性

研究一类稀疏效应下周期系数捕食-被捕食系统,得到了该系统存在唯一全局渐近稳定的正周期解的充分条件．     

农用低功率He—Ne激光的诱变效应和育种

什么是低功率Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光;低功率Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光的诱变效应及其在育种上的应用;低功率Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光的诱变机制。     

The haemoglobin system of the mudfish, Labeo capensis: adaptations to temperature and hypoxia

The effect of temperature and hypoxic acclimation on the haemoglobin system and intraerythrocytic organic phosphate concentrations in the South African mudfish, Labeo capensis, have been investigated. Exposure to hypoxia or increased temperature raised haemoglobin concentration and decreased NTP/Hb ratio. Temperature acclimation did not effect the oxygenation characteristics of the haemolysate or haemoglobin multiplicity, as evident from isoelectric focussing experiments that showed one cathodic (Hb I) and three anodic haemoglobins (Hb II, III and IV). Oxygen equilibria of the isolated components showed a smaller Bohr effect and lower temperature and organic phosphate sensitivities in the cathodic than in the anodic haemoglobins. Unlike the trout and eel haemoglobin systems, both the anodic and cathodic haemoglobins from L. capensis exhibited sensitivity to organic phosphates but the effect was smaller in the latter. The results indicate that oxygen transport in mudfish blood is supported by variations in the red cell organic phosphate\haemoglobin ratio and the functional differentiation between anodic and cathodic haemoglobins.     

Facilitation by nurse shrubs of resprouting behavior in a post-fire shrubland in northern Patagonia,Argentina

Abstract. The nurse-plant syndrome is a widely recognized example of positive (facilitative) influences of plant species on the establishment and growth of other species. Most studies of the nurse-plant syndrome have been on species that reproduce mainly from seed rather than vegetatively. In this study, we experimentally compared the influences of two species of nurse shrubs, Schinus patagonicus and Berberis buxifolia, on the survival and growth of vegetatively reproducing herbaceous and woody plants in a post-fire shrubland in northern Patagonia, Argentina. The vegetation beneath shrubs was removed by clipping and, in a paired-sample design, one half of the canopy of each shrub was removed. We determined species richness, counted number of resprouts, and measured photon flux density and soil moisture beneath cut and uncut halves of each shrubs. Abundances of resprouts were several times greater beneath the uncut vs. the cut shrubs, as was the mean number of species. Thus, shrubs have a strong facilitating influence as measured by resprout densities and the number of species. Numbers of resprouts and of species were twice as high beneath Schinus as beneath Berberis, implying important differences in the facilitative effects of the two shrubs species. Microsites beneath Schinus were characterized by lower and more heterogeneous light levels but by greater soil moisture. Even though the reproductive mode in this post-fire shrubland is overwhelmingly vegetative, facilitation by nurse shrubs is important and differentially effective for different species of nurse shrubs.     

雄性核不育水稻育性转换的光周期效应指数值(PE)和温度效应指数值(TE)的遗传性初步研究

对比考察了农垦５８ｓ与７００１ｓ、８９０２ｓ与培矮６４ｓ及８９０２ｓ与安农Ｓ１等３个光（温）敏核不育水稻杂交组合的双亲、Ｆ１、Ｂ１、Ｂ２和Ｆ２世代的样本及每一个体的ＰＥ和ＴＥ的变异。无论双亲核不育基因的等位程度及栽培环境的光、温周期如何,在多数情况下都显示了如下的规律：（１）后代样本ＰＥ、ＴＥ的大小虽然形形色色,但都取决于其双亲。Ｆ１表示完全显性甚至超显性。（２）Ｆ２个体的ＰＥ或ＴＥ、尤其同一个体ＰＥ与ＴＥ的集成类型发生有规律的分离和超亲分离,产生形形色色的育性转换类型。在纯粹由雄性不育个体组成的Ｆ２不育分样本中也发生同样分离。（３）ＰＥ或ＴＥ的广义遗传力的估值都大于５０％。据此推断ＰＥ、ＴＥ是两个可遗传并可供选择的独立性状;并对育性转换现象的遗传机制也进行了讨论。     

Somatic embryogenesis in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum): Strategies to reduce genotype limitation and to maintain long-term totipotency

Three genotypes of Pearl millet were screened in vitro for induction of embryogenic callus, somatic embryogenesis and regeneration. Shoot apices excised from in vitro germinated seedlings or immature embryos isolated from green house established plants were used as primary explants. The frequency of embryogenic callus initiation was significantly higher in shoot apices in comparison with immature zygotic embryos. Moreover, differences between genotypes were minimal when using shoot apices. Friable embryogenic calli (type II) developed on the initial nodular calli after 1 to 3 months of culture. The frequency of type II callus is related to the composition of the maintenance medium and they were more often found in ageing cultures. The transfer of embryogenic calli onto auxin-free medium was sufficient for inducing somatic embryo development in short-term culture (3 months) while a progressive loss in regeneration potential was observed with increasing time of subcultures. Maturation of embryogenic calli on medium supplemented with activated charcoal, followed by germination of somatic embryos on medium supplemented with gibberellic acid, restored regeneration in long-term cultures. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Confirmation of soil-feeding termites (Isoptera; Termitidae; Termitinae) in Australia using stable isotope ratios

1. Carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) stable isotope ratios of termites (Isoptera) were examined in Darwin, northern Australia. It is suggested that the stable isotope technique, together with phylogenetics, is a useful tool to understand the evolution of functional groups in detritivores.
2. A high δ¹⁵N value was observed in the Termes-Capritermes branch of the subfamily Termitinae and the genus Amitermes , two distinct taxonomic groups that evolved from wood-feeding to soil-feeding in Australia. Among eight Termes-Capritermes branch species, only two species ( Xylochomitermes melvillensis and Ephelotermes melachoma ) were discernible as wood/soil interface feeders, the remaining six species analysed were soil-feeders, where the diet preference was identified by using δ¹⁵N of workers.
3. The Termes-Capritermes group in Australia contains both wood/soil interface feeders and soil-feeders, whereas wood/soil interface feeders in Cameroon are from the Termes-Capritermes branch while soil-feeders are from Cubitermes group. The result confirmed that soil-feeding forms evolved both in Australia and Africa, but from different phylogenetic groups.     

Biodiversity maintenance mechanisms differ between native and novel exotic-dominated communities

In many systems, native communities are being replaced by novel exotic-dominated ones. We experimentally compared species diversity decline between nine-species grassland communities under field conditions to test whether diversity maintenance mechanisms differed between communities containing all exotic or all native species using a pool of 40 species. Aboveground biomass was greater in exotic than native plots, and this difference was larger in mixtures than in monocultures. Species diversity declined more in exotic than native communities and declines were explained by different mechanisms. In exotic communities, overyielding species had high biomass in monoculture and diversity declined linearly as this selection effect increased. In native communities, however, overyielding species had low biomass in monoculture and there was no relationship between the selection effect and diversity decline. This suggests that, for this system, yielding behaviour is fundamentally different between presumably co-evolved natives and coevolutionarily naive exotic species, and that native-exotic status is important to consider.