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31.
基于MODIS NDVI的长江中游区域植被动态及与气候因子的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于1999-2015年的MODIS NDVI时间序列遥感数据,应用趋势分析、变异系数、重标极差分析和偏相关分析等方法,分析了长江中游的植被时空变化特征及其与气象因子的关系。结果表明,长江中游地区NDVI均值总体上呈上升趋势(从0.72增加到0.80)。从空间分布来看,NDVI低值区域(0.1-0.5)占1.40%,高值区域(>0.7)占87.15%;NDVI空间格局呈"西高东低、北高南低"的分布特征,低值区域表现为以三省省会城市为中心向外辐射。Hurst指数显示,研究区大部分区域(60.54%)的NDVI变化趋势具有不确定性,持续性改善区域(34.78%)主要分布在西部山地区,持续性退化区域(3.26%)主要分布在人类活动频繁的较发达城市区域。在年际尺度上,研究区NDVI与各气象因子关系均不显著;月际尺度上,NDVI与降水、相对湿度和日照时数显著相关,降水和日照时数有明显的时滞性。区域内NDVI动态趋势以不确定性发展为主,城市群周边NDVI呈现持续退化的区域应该引起关注。 相似文献
32.
Striking difference in response to expanding brood parasites by birds in western and eastern Beringia 下载免费PDF全文
Vladimir Dinets Kristaps Sokolovskis Daniel Hanley Mark E. Hauber 《Journal of Field Ornithology》2018,89(2):117-125
Two species of obligate brood‐parasitic Cuculus cuckoos are expanding their ranges in Beringia. Both now breed on the Asian side, close to the Bering Strait, and are found in Alaska during the breeding season. From May to July 2017, we used painted 3D‐printed model eggs of two cuckoo host‐races breeding in northeastern Siberia to test behavioral responses of native songbirds on both sides of the Bering Strait, with particular attention to species that are known cuckoo hosts in their Siberian range. Each host nest was tested after the second egg was laid and, if possible, again 4 days later with a model of a different type. Although our Siberian study site was also outside the known breeding ranges of the cuckoos, we found that Siberian birds had strong anti‐parasite responses, with 14 of 22 models rejected. In contrast, birds in Alaska had virtually no detectable anti‐parasite behaviors, with only one of 96 models rejected; the rejecters were Red‐throated Pipits (Anthus cervinus). Such differences suggest that the cuckoos might successfully parasitize naïve hosts and become established in North America whether or not their historic host species are widely available. 相似文献
33.
Jia Xu Xinyu Guan Xiaodong Jia Hongyan Li Ruibing Chen Yinying Lu 《Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP》2022,21(8):100255
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide with limited therapeutic options. Comprehensive investigation of protein posttranslational modifications in HCC is still limited. Lysine acetylation is one of the most common types of posttranslational modification involved in many cellular processes and plays crucial roles in the regulation of cancer. In this study, we analyzed the proteome and K-acetylome in eight pairs of HCC tumors and normal adjacent tissues using a timsTOF Pro instrument. As a result, we identified 9219 K-acetylation sites in 2625 proteins, of which 1003 sites exhibited differential acetylation levels between tumors and normal adjacent tissues. Interestingly, many novel tumor-specific K-acetylation sites were characterized, for example, filamin A (K865), filamin B (K697), and cofilin (K19), suggesting altered activities of these cytoskeleton-modulating molecules, which may contribute to tumor metastasis. In addition, we observed an overall suppression of protein K-acetylation in HCC tumors, especially for enzymes from various metabolic pathways, for example, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid metabolism. Moreover, the expression of deacetylase sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) was upregulated in HCC tumors, and its role of deacetylation in HCC cells was further explored by examining the impact of SIRT2 overexpression on the proteome and K-acetylome in Huh7 HCC cells. SIRT2 overexpression reduced K-acetylation of proteins involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including energy metabolism. Furthermore, cellular assays showed that overexpression of SIRT2 in HCC cells inhibited both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Taken together, our findings provide valuable information to better understand the roles of K-acetylation in HCC and to treat this disease by correcting the aberrant acetylation patterns. 相似文献
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气候变化和大规模的生态恢复使中国北方旱区植被发生了显著变化,量化气候变化和人类活动对植被动态的相对贡献,对于旱区生态系统管理和应对未来气候变化具有重要意义。目前,中国北方旱区植被变化影响因素的时间动态(2000年大规模生态恢复工程实施前后)和空间异质性(沿干旱梯度)仍需进一步的定量研究。基于多源数据,采用趋势分析、偏相关分析和随机森林模型等方法,分析了1981-2018年中国北方旱区气候和植被的时空变化规律,量化了2000年前后气候变化和人类活动对植被动态的相对贡献并分析其在干旱梯度上的空间差异性。结果表明:(1)1981-2018年期间,中国北方旱区的叶面积指数(LAI)平均增加速率为(0.0037±0.0443) a-1,且增加速率沿干旱梯度增大。2000年前仅10.46%(P<0.05)的地区显著变绿,而2000年后达到36.84%,且植被变绿主要归因于非树木植被。(2)2000年后降水对植被变绿的正效应在不同干旱梯度均增加,而在半干旱区和亚湿润干旱区,温度对植被变绿由正向促进转为负向抑制,而辐射在干旱区由负效应转向正效应。(3)2000年前后,气候变化均主导着植被的动态,贡献率分别为96.07%和73.72%,人类活动的贡献在2000年后进一步增强(从3.93%增加到26.28%),且沿着干旱梯度而增加,其中人类活动对植被变绿的贡献在半干旱地区增加最显著(+0.0289 m2 m-2 a-1,P<0.05)。研究结果可为未来气候变化下中国北方旱区的植被恢复和可持续发展提供科学依据。 相似文献
37.
SYNOPSIS. The effect of temperature on the behavior of swimming cells of Paramecium caudatum has been investigated by photographic analyses of their tracks in uniform temperature, in temperature gradient, or in temperature changing with time. When the cells were placed in the temperature gradient, the frequency of discontinuous directional changes of cells swimming toward the optimal temperature, the temperature of the culture, was much lower than that of the cells swimming in the opposite direction. This difference in the frequency of directional changes explained the observed accumulation of the cells at - the optimal temperature. When the temperature was suddenly changed toward the optimum, a transient decrease of the frequency of directional changes was observed and when the temperature was changed in the reverse direction, a transient increase of the frequency was noted. This transient response to the temperature change was the origin of the dependence of the frequency of directional changes on the swimming direction in the temperature gradient. Finally, the relation between the magnitude of the transient response and the rate of the temperature change was derived. 相似文献
38.
Reinhard Bürger Michael Lynch 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》1995,49(1):151-163
Because of the ubiquity of genetic variation for quantitative traits, virtually all populations have some capacity to respond evolutionarily to selective challenges. However, natural selection imposes demographic costs on a population, and if these costs are sufficiently large, the likelihood of extinction will be high. We consider how the mean time to extinction depends on selective pressures (rate and stochasticity of environmental change, and strength of selection), population parameters (carrying capacity, and reproductive capacity), and genetics (rate of polygenic mutation). We assume that in a randomly mating, finite population subject to density-dependent population growth, individual fitness is determined by a single quantitative-genetic character under Gaussian stabilizing selection with the optimum phenotype exhibiting directional change, or random fluctuations, or both. The quantitative trait is determined by a finite number of freely recombining, mutationally equivalent, additive loci. The dynamics of evolution and extinction are investigated, assuming that the population is initially under mutation-selection-drift balance. Under this model, in a directionally changing environment, the mean phenotype lags behind the optimum, but on the average evolves parallel to it. The magnitude of the lag determines the vulnerability to extinction. In finite populations, stochastic variation in the genetic variance can be quite pronounced, and bottlenecks in the genetic variance temporarily can impair the population's adaptive capacity enough to cause extinction when it would otherwise be unlikely in an effectively infinite population. We find that maximum sustainable rates of evolution or, equivalently, critical rates of environmental change, may be considerably less than 10% of a phenotypic standard deviation per generation. 相似文献
39.
Coral reefs are generally considered to be the most biologically productive of all marine ecosystems, but in recent times these vulnerable aquatic resources have been subject to unusual degradation. The general decline in reefs has been greatly accelerated by mass bleaching in which corals whiten en masse and often fail to recover. Empirical evidence indicates a coral reef bleaching cycle in which major bleaching episodes are synchronized with El Niño events that occur every 3–4 years on average. By heating vast areas of the Pacific Ocean, and affecting the Indian and Atlantic Oceans as well, El Niño causes widespread damage to reefs largely because corals are very sensitive to temperature changes. However, mass bleaching events were rarely observed before the 1970s and their abrupt appearance two decades ago remains an enigma. Here we propose a new explanation for the sudden occurrence of mass bleaching and show that it may be a response to the relative increase in El Niño experienced over the last two decades. 相似文献
40.