鼎湖山马尾松林降水再分配对养分动态影响

在鼎湖山马尾松林中 ,降水到达森林重新分配后 ,pH值的大小变化顺序为 :茎流 >径流 >穿透雨 >降水 ,且它们均呈酸性。与 pH值变化基本上相类似 ,养分元素浓度在各过程中均以茎流最高 ,降水最低。不同元素比较 ,其大小次序为 :Ca>N >Mg>P。Ca、P和Mg三种元素浓度在各过程中的月变化较明显 ,但pH值和N元素浓度的月际变化不强。该生态系统养分元素呈积累状态 ,大气降水的养分输入为 (kg·hm 2 ·a 1) :2 0 .62 9(N)、1 .0 1 5 (P)、46.3 3 2 (Ca)、3 .5 0 8(Mg) ;输出为 (kg·hm 2 ·a 1) :7.1 2 0 (N)、0 .63 2 (P)、2 3 .640 (Ca)、2 .1 3 3 (Mg)。此外 ,还对该生态系统生物地球化学循环特征进行了讨论。     

鼎湖山马尾松林生态系统碳素分配和贮量的研究

鼎湖山马尾松林中 ,马尾松各器官碳含量平均为 5 4.46%,灌木层植物 48.1 0 %,草本层植物40 .2 1 %,地表现存凋落物层 5 4.40 %,以上各组分总平均为 49.2 9%。土壤碳密度为 7.3 7kg· m- 2 (深 1 0 0cm)。生态系统各组分碳贮量分别为 :乔木层 68.876t·hm- 2 ,林下植物层 6.0 3 0 t· hm- 2 ,凋落物层 5 .892 t·hm- 2 ,土壤层 73 .70 5 t· hm- 2。根据研究结果 ,还对广东省马尾松林的现有碳贮量和碳吸存潜力进行了估算和讨论。     

不同年龄阶段马尾松人工林养分循环的研究

 对马尾松(Pinus massoniana)人工林内N、P、K、Ca、Mg 5种养分元素的含量、积累、分配和生物循环以及它们随林分年龄的变化趋势进行了研究。结果表明：针叶的养分含量最高,树干材的养分含量最低,凋落物的养分含量与树枝或树皮的养分含量接近,土壤中K、Mg元素丰富,N、P、Ca 3种元素亏缺。树叶、树枝、树皮和树根中各元素含量大小顺序为K>N>Ca>Mg>P,树干材中则是Ca>K>N>Mg>P,5种元素含量随马尾松林分年龄的增加呈逐渐减少的趋势。5种元素贮存总量为460.19～1950.32 k     

飞播马尾松林碳密度分配特征及其影响因素

研究江西省赣州市飞播马尾松林碳密度的分配特征,选取有关立地、林分、林下植被及凋落物等方面的15个因子,建立林分碳密度与影响因子的关系模型,筛选出主要影响因子.结果表明: 林分平均碳密度为98.29 t·hm^-2,表现为土壤层(49.58 t·hm^-2)＞乔木层(45.25 t·hm^-2)＞林下植被层(2.23 t·hm^-2)＞凋落物层(1.23 t·hm^-2);乔木层、凋落物层、土壤层碳密度之间呈显著正相关,其他各层次碳密度之间的相关性均不显著.株数密度、平均胸径、土层厚度、坡位、林龄、郁闭度是影响飞播马尾松林林分碳密度的主要因子,各因子的偏相关系数为0.331～0.434,t 检验结果为显著;运用多元数量化模型I复相关系数为0.796,F 检验结果为显著(F=9.28).对于林分碳密度,株数密度以1500～2100株·hm^-2最好,而郁闭度以0.4～0.7最好,株数密度及郁闭度过高或过低对林分固碳能力均会产生不利影响;林龄及平均胸径越大、土层越厚,其林分碳密度越高,下坡位的林分碳密度高于其他坡位.     

不同林窗马尾松凋落叶与土壤养分变化研究

以现有42年生的马尾松（Pinus massoniana）人工纯林,经过采伐形成4种不同大小有效面积的林窗（100、400、900和1 600 m²）为研究对象,以未经采伐的42年生马尾松人工纯林为对照样地,采用凋落叶分解袋法,研究不同大小有效面积林窗对马尾松凋落叶、土壤C、N、P及化学计量比和养分损失率的影响。研究结果表明：（1）不同大小有效面积林窗下的马尾松凋落叶、土壤C、N、P含量及养分损失率除土壤P含量和马尾松凋落叶P养分损失率外,均存在显著差异。随着林窗有效面积G1~G4的增大,马尾松凋落叶C、N、P含量均呈降低趋势,三者均在G3林窗体现出较小值。马尾松凋落叶C、N、P养分损失率、土壤C、N、P养分含量多呈抛物线趋势,且均在G2或G3林窗体现出最大值。（2）不同大小有效面积林窗下的马尾松凋落叶、土壤C/N/P均存在显著差异。随着林窗有效面积G1~G4的增大,马尾松人工林土壤C/N/P基本呈抛物线变化趋势,土壤C/N在G3林窗出现最大值,土壤C/P、N/P均在G2林窗体现出最大值;土壤C/N、C/P、N/P变异系数分别为13.31%、16.51%、17.21%。马尾松凋落叶C/N、C/P均在G3体现出最小值。（3）马尾松凋落叶C、N含量与土壤C、C/N/P及环境因子的相关性较强,P含量与它们的相关性较弱;C/N与土壤P、C/N/P及环境因子的相关性较强,C/P、N/P与土壤C/P及环境因子的相关性较强;C、N养分损失率与土壤C、C/N、C/P及环境因子的相关性较强,P养分损失率与土壤C、N、P含量及其化学计量比和环境因子的相关性较弱。土壤C、N、P含量及其化学计量比与环境因子的相关性较强。     

Comparison of volatile organic compounds from uninfested and Monochamus alternatus Hope infested Pinus massoniana Lamb.

Monochamus alternatus is a destructive stem‐boring herbivore of Pinus massoniana, and the principal vector of pine wood nematode. To investigate the impacts of boring by M. alternatus larvae on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from their host trees, the VOCs from uninfested and M. alternatus larvae infested P. massoniana trees were observed using a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer. We detected 12, 9, 18 and 14 volatile organic compounds from infested xylem, infested phloem, uninfested xylem and uninfested phloem, respectively. In P. massoniana xylem, the boring of M. alternatus larvae induced cyclosativene, and inhibited 4‐carene, humulene, styrene, α‐phellandrene, β‐myrcene, β‐phellandrene and γ‐terpinene. The relative amounts of camphene, copacamphene, longicyclene, longifolene, tricyclene and α‐longipinene were significantly increased, and the relative amounts of α‐pinene and β‐pinene were significantly decreased by the boring behaviors of M. alternatus larvae. In P. massoniana phloem, the boring of M. alternatus larvae induced 2‐bornanone, copacamphene, longicyclene and α‐longipinene, and inhibited 2‐carene, 4‐carene, styrene, α‐phellandrene, β‐myrcene, β‐phellandrene, β‐pinene, γ‐terpinene and ο‐cymene. The relative amounts of camphene, caryophyllene and longifolene were significantly increased by the boring behaviors of M. alternatus larvae. The results indicate that the boring behaviors of M. alternatus larvae changed both the sorts and contents of the VOCs from P. massoniana trees.     

鼎湖山人工马尾松第1代与自然更新代生长动态比较

应用年轮分析法研究马尾松栽种的第1代和自然更新代的动态。结果表明,本区域马尾松第1代在贫瘠土壤上能正常生长,并在成熟期有较高的生长量,因此不失为较好的造林绿化的先锋树种。从经济利用的角度出发,应在生长量高峰期后采伐最为合理,在本区域采伐期可选择在树龄40年左右。但马尾松的更新代严重退化,表明本区域在土地利用上不能连续栽种马尾松,最佳方式是在35年林龄左右进行林分改造。     

亚热带人工林松树13C/12C比率和水分利用效率

The ¹³C/¹²Cratio, photosynthetic rate and stomatie conductivity of leaves of Pinus massoniana, Schima superba,Psychotria rubra, Evodia lepta and Rhodomyrtus tomentasa are measured. No significant deviation (at 5% level) is observed between water use efficiencies calculated by these items. The¹³C/¹²Cis 25.41±0.61‰. In average for treerings of Pinus massoniana from 1971 to 1983(n=6), with the maximum in1977 when the lowest precipitation was recorded. The average water use efficiency of Pinus massoniana is 8.28±0.38 in1977—1983, which is higher than that of trees in natural site and might be caused by the changes of solar radiation and water condition. ¹³C/¹²Cratio ana lysis could provide usefull informations for studying water use efficiency of artificial forest.     

On some fossil species of Hemiaulus

Summary

Hemiaulus ornithocephalus Grev. has been confused with H. capitatus Grev., H. includens Grun. and two undescribed species, here named H. novocastrensis and H. haitensis. A further new species from Russia, closely related to H. includens, is described and named H. affixus. The dating of the fossil deposits in Russia, New Zealand, Barbados and Haiti from which these species come is discussed and their possible phylogenetic connections indicated.