全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1087篇 |
免费 | 49篇 |
国内免费 | 63篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 14篇 |
2021年 | 23篇 |
2020年 | 21篇 |
2019年 | 35篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 17篇 |
2016年 | 22篇 |
2015年 | 24篇 |
2014年 | 27篇 |
2013年 | 57篇 |
2012年 | 42篇 |
2011年 | 37篇 |
2010年 | 25篇 |
2009年 | 46篇 |
2008年 | 43篇 |
2007年 | 45篇 |
2006年 | 49篇 |
2005年 | 36篇 |
2004年 | 42篇 |
2003年 | 39篇 |
2002年 | 35篇 |
2001年 | 28篇 |
2000年 | 22篇 |
1999年 | 21篇 |
1998年 | 19篇 |
1997年 | 18篇 |
1996年 | 25篇 |
1995年 | 17篇 |
1994年 | 28篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 18篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 22篇 |
1989年 | 23篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 28篇 |
1984年 | 21篇 |
1983年 | 16篇 |
1982年 | 27篇 |
1981年 | 15篇 |
1980年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有1199条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
21.
甘蔗叶不同部位ATP酶活性细胞化学定位 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
甘蔗叶片,叶鞘和肥厚带韧皮部 ATP 酶活性定位于筛管、伴胞的质膜、内质网和某些伴胞细胞基质、小囊泡和发育成熟的液泡上;叶片韧皮部薄壁细胞、厚壁细胞和厚壁通道细胞质膜及小囊泡中亦显示有 ATP 水解产物;维管束鞘细咆与厚壁细胞或厚壁通道细胞所构成的细胞间隙上也存在有 ATP 酶活性反应产物沉淀。甘蔗叶片大、中、小三种维管束,从小维管束到大维管束,面向细胞间隙的细胞表面上的 ATP 酶活性逐渐增强,而维管束鞘细胞质膜上的 ATP 酶活性则趋于减弱;同一维管束内则以韧皮部细胞的 ATP 酶活性最强。维管束鞘细胞与叶肉细胞之间存在很多的胞间连丝,并表现出高的 ATP 酶活性。讨论了 ATP 酶活性的分布状态与叶肉细胞的光合产物向韧皮部运输的关系。 相似文献
22.
The effect of chlorophyll content on changes of photochemical reactions in intact kidney bean leaves 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Abstract. Activation spectra of photochemical reactions were measured by a flash spectrophotometer in leaves having varying chlorophyll contents at different stages of greening. The increase of chlorophyll concentration up to 30 nmol cm-2 elevated the rates of photochemical reactions at all wavelengths of light used, and was found to be produced by an increase in the amounts of reaction centres. Further accumulation of chlorophyll up to 40 nmol cm-2 was associated with an increase in light-harvesting chlorophyll, an improved rate of photochemical reactions around 600 nm and at 700 nm, and self-absorption and screening effects where chlorophyll absorbed maximally (400–450 nm and around 680 nm). 相似文献
23.
A newly-developed field-portable multi-flash kinetic fluorimeter for measuring the kinetics of the microsecond to millisecond reactions of the oxidizing and reducing sides of photosystem 2 in leaves of intact plants is described and demonstrated. The instrumental technique is a refinement of that employed in the double-flash kinetic fluorimeter (Joliot 1974 Biochim Biophys Acta 357: 439–448) where a low-intensity short-duration light pulse is used to measure the fluorescence yield changes following saturating single-turnover light pulses. The present instrument uses a rapid series of short-duration (2 s) pulses to resolve a complete microsecond to millisecond time-scale kinetic trace of fluorescence yield changes after each actinic flash. Differential optics, using a matrix of optical fibers, allow very high sensitivity (noise levels about 0.05% Fmax) thus eliminating the need for signal averaging, and greatly reducing the intensity of light required to make a measurement. Consequently, the measuring pulses have much less actinic effect and an entire multi-point trace (seven points) excites less than 1% of the reaction centers in a leaf. In addition, bu combining the actinic and measuring pulse light in the optical fiber network, the tail of the actinic flash can be compensated for, allowing measurements of events as rapidly as 20 s after the actinic flash. This resolution makes practical the routine measurement of the microsecond turnover kinetics of the oxygen evolving complex in leaves of intact plants in the field. The instrument is demonstrated by observing flash number dependency and inhibitor sensitivity of the induction and decay kinetics of flash-induced fluorescence transients in leaves of intact plants. From these traces the period-two oscillations associated with the turnover of the two-electron gate and the period-four oscillations associated with the turnover of the oxygen evolving complex can be observed. Applications of the instrument to extending our knowledge of chloroplast function to the whole plant, the effects on plants of environmental stress, herbicides, etc, and possible applications to screening of mutants are discussed.Abbreviations DCMU
3-(3,4-Dichlorophenol)-1,1-dimethylurea
- PS 2
photosystem 2
- PS 1
photosystem 1
- P680
primary electron donor of the PS 2 reaction center
- QA
primary acceptor quinone of PS 2
- QB
secondary acceptor quinone of PS 2
- CCCP
carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone
- Yz
donor to P680
+
- F0
level of fluorescence with all PS 2 centers open
- Fmax
maximum level of fluorescence with all PS 2 centers closed
- P680QA
Open reaction centers with P680 reduced and QA oxidized (low fluorescence)
- P680QA
-
Closed reaction centers, in which P680 is reduced (high fluorescence)
- P680
+QA
-
Closed reaction centers, in which P680 is oxidized (low fluorescence) 相似文献
24.
Rosamond C. H. Shepherd 《BioControl》1990,35(3):441-447
Host specificity tests of the moth,Microthrix inconspicuella Ragonot in Australia, indicated that larvae could feed and develop on young apple leaves. Additional tests in South Africa
on leaves and fruit of the 4 apple varieties, Jonathan, Starking (Red Delicious), Granny Smith and Golden Delicious, showed
that apples were not a preferred food. Little feeding occurred and pupation happened infrequently. No 2nd generation resulted whenM. inconspicuella colonies were confined on apple fruit or leaves.
相似文献
25.
Time courses of formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3 ) were followed in the leaves of non-acclimated and cold (2°C)-acclimated winter oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L. var. oleifera ) plants, subjected to different freezing temperatures or to polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. Changes in water potential (Ψw ) and in ABA level in the frost- and PEG-treated tissues were also determined. Results obtained indicate that temperatures sligthly higher than LT50 induced a transient and substantial increase in IP3 level, both in non-acclimated and cold-acclimated tissues. At comparable freezing temperature (–5°C) the response of cold-acclimated leaves was lower than that of non-acclimated ones. The PEG-depedent decrease in Ψw to –0.9 MPa or ABA (0.1 m M ) treatment gave rise to a transient increase in IP3 content in non-acclimated tissues only. Collectively, the data indicate that cold acclimation of plants may lead to lower cell responsiveness to the factors studied in terms of induction of IP3 formation. Changes in the IP3 content, observed in the present experiments, support our previous suggestion that non-killing freezing temperatures may induce the phosphoinositide pathway, both in non-acclimated and cold-acclimated tissues. Lowering of tissue water potential to some threshold value or a high exogenous ABA supply may mimic the freezing-dependent reaction in the non-acclimated leaves. 相似文献
26.
The impact of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2, 600/700 μmol mol-1) and temperature (+ 4°C) on phyllosphere fungi colonising flag leaves of mini crops of winter wheat cv. Mercia between anthesis and harvest was determined in a computer-controlled environment facility in 1993 and 1994. In both years the total fungal populations (cm2 leaf) were found to have increased due to exposure to either elevated CO2 and elevated CO2+ temperature treatments. This was mainly due to significant increases in populations of Cladosporium spp. (C. cladosporioides and C. herbarum) on the flag leaves during ripening. Other phyllosphere component species such as white and pink yeasts were not markedly affected by treatments. The range of fungal species found in such controlled environment chambers was narrower than that commonly found on flag leaves of field grown crops. Common and important colonisers of leaves and ripening ears such as Aureobasidium pullulans, Epicoccum nigrum and Fusarium spp. were seldom isolated. 相似文献
27.
Mondher Jaziri Kayo Yoshimatsu Jacques Homès Koichiro Shimomura 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1994,38(2-3):257-262
Hairy root cultures of Atropa belladonna L. were established by infection either with Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834 or MAFF 03-01724, and transgenic plants were obtained from both hairy root cultures. Doubly transformed roots were induced by re-infection of the leaf segments of transgenic Atropa belladonna plants (A. rhizogenes 15834) with MAFF 03-01724. Shoots and viviparous leaves were regenerated from the doubly transformed roots. The genetic transformation was determined by the opine assay (agropine, mannopine and/or mikimopine) and polymerase chain reaction. Physiological changes and tropane alkaloid biosynthesis in the hairy roots (singly and doubly transformed) were investigated. The alkaloid content in the doubly transformed root strain was intermediate as compared to the root strains which were singly transformed. On the other hand endogenous IAA levels in doubly transformed roots were significantly decreased compared to both singly transformed roots.Abbreviations BA
benzyladenine
- IAA
indoleacetic acid
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- PCR
polymerase chain reaction
-
t-ZR
trans-zeatin 相似文献
28.
A simple classification of the complex parts of vascular plants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
GERARD CUSSET F.L.S. 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1994,114(3):229-242
Four operational morphological units are defined to characterize 'typical' stems, leaves, roots and hairS. Any complex part can be classified among these OMUs by a graphical representation or by a quadruplet suitable for computer-aided analyses. Thirty-nine examples are given, suggesting a continuous view of plant morphology. 相似文献
29.
The rate of senescence and the two-dimensional pattern of soluble proteins from detached oat leaves senescing in either darkness or light were analyzed, and compared to those of leaves in which senescence was delayed by application of the cytokinin benzyladenine or enhanced through the action of abscisic acid.Senescence of detached leaves in light did not differ significantly from senescence in attached leaves on intact plants. In darkness, protein was lost at a higher rate than in light, but several individual proteins showed relative increases. Notably, proteins previously characterized as high-molecular-weight proteins and senescence-associated proteins (Klerk et al., 1992) increased. Changes observed during incubation in light or darkness appeared to be related to this condition rather than the rate or progress of senescence. Cytokinins delayed and abscisic acid accelerated the changes in protein pattern compared to water. Beside changes previously identified in leaves senescing on the plant, detached leaves show alterations that reflect their condition of incubation rather than their developmental progress.Abbreviations 2D-PAG
two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- ABA
abscisic acid
- BA
N6-benzyladenine
- BSA
bovine serum albumin
- EDTA
ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
- IEF
isoelectric focusing
- Rubisco
ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate
- Tris
tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane 相似文献
30.
By methods of difference and derivative spectroscopy it was shown that in etiolated leaves at 77 K three photoreactions of P650 protochlorophyllide take place which differ in their rates and positions of spectral maxima of the intermediates formed in the process: P650R668, P650R688, and P650R697. With an increase of temperature up to 233 K, in the dark, R688 and R697 are transformed into the known chlorophyllide forms C695/684 and C684/676, while R668 disappears with formation of a shorter wavelength form of protochlorophyllide with an absorption maximum at 643–644 nm.Along with these reactions, at 77 K phototransformations of the long-wave protochlorophyllide forms with absorption maxima at 658–711 nm into the main short-wave forms of protochlorophyllide are observed. At 233 K in the dark this reaction is partially reversible. This process may be interpreted as a reversible photodisaggregation of the pigment in vivo.The mechanism of P650 reactions and their role in the process of chlorophyll photobiosynthesis are discussed.Abbreviations P650
protochlorophyll(ide) with absorption maximum at 650 nm
- C697/684
chlorophyllide with fluorescence maximum at 695 nm and absorption maximum at 684 nm
- R697
intermediate with absorption maximum at 697 nm 相似文献