"Kissing a Baby Is Not at All Good for Him": Infant Mortality, Medicine, and Colonial Modernity in the U.S.-Occupied Philippines

Feminist scholars have begun to consider the ways indigenous practices of child rearing were and are challenged in (post)colonial discourse and practice, and how these practices have become a terrain on which definitions of nation, state, and economy are contested. In this article, I adopt a historical anthropological approach to consider how Filipino child-rearing strategies were described and stigmatized in educational, public health, and public welfare discourses in the U.S.-occupied Philippines in the early 20th century. I demonstrate how public health practices and discourses that were generated as part of a "benevolent" campaign against high rates of infant mortality were strategically used as a weapon against Filipino arguments for independence. I also consider how discourses constructing Filipino caregivers as overly indulgent were linked to metropolitan concerns about production of the "new industrial man" and were used to develop a racialized critique of the cultural practices of Filipinos.     

Identification of fish species by an egg identification key: an alternative to the incubation of eggs and rearing of larvae for species recognition

Comparison of the results of two methods for species recognition, an egg identification key and rearing of larvae, showed only small qualitative differences in the identification of fish species present in a stretch of the River Elbe, Germany. Both the identification key and rearing methods complement each other as methods of identification, and the selection of which method to be used should depend primarily on the aim of the investigation.     

Can pollen match shoes to a previously visited indoor location?

This paper is part of an investigation dedicated to indoor pollen from a forensic point of view. Previous studies documented the ‘natural’ pollen content of a flat and how it was ‘artificially’ altered by ornamental plants. The present study investigated if this ‘artificial pollen trace’ can be transferred to shoes. Brand new sneakers were worn in the flat and afterwards examined for pollen on their soles. The results showed that the shoes gathered pollen and that some pollen types correlated to those found in the flat. Afterwards, some of these shoes were worn while walking through the city for approximately 1.8 km. On these shoes, flat pollen was also detectable, but in low abundances. This study shows that, from a palynological point of view, shoes are worth a look at when a crime is investigated. Uncommon pollen grains on shoes can point to an indoor location with the corresponding ornamental plants.     

Research and application of Chouioia cunea Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in China

Chouioia cunea Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an effective parasitoid of many lepidopteran pests in China. Specifically, C. cunea has successfully suppressed populations of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), an invasive and quarantined pest in China. Fall webworm biological control programmes in China have been aided by the development of artificial rearing technology for C. cunea. While researchers have determined some aspects of this parasitoid’s biology, such as fecundity and ratio of female offspring, as well as rearing methods, there was less information on the behavioural and ecological mechanisms by which C. cunea regulates host populations. Here, we review the research and application of C. cunea since it was first discovered in China.     

Consequences of early adverse rearing experience (EARE) on development: insights from non-human primate studies

Early rearing experiences are important in one's whole life,whereas early adverse rearing experience (EARE) is usually related to various physical and mental disorders in later life.Although there were many studies on human and animals,regarding the effect of EARE on brain development,neuroendocrine systems,as well as the consequential mental disorders and behavioral abnormalities,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Due to the close genetic relationship and similarity in social organizations with humans,non-human primate (NHP) studies were performed for over 60 years.Various EARE models were developed to disrupt the early normal interactions between infants and mothers or peers.Those studies provided important insights of EARE induced effects on the physiological and behavioral systems of NHPs across life span,such as social behaviors (including disturbance behavior,social deficiency,sexual behavior,etc),learning and memory ability,brain structural and functional developments (including influences on neurons and glia cells,neuroendocrine systems,e.g.,hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis,etc).In this review,the effects of EARE and the underlying epigenetic mechanisms were comprehensively summarized and the possibility of rehabilitation was discussed.     

云南地区小蜜蜂的饲养方法

为了小蜜蜂Apis florea资源的利用和保护,本论文对其饲养方法及生物学特性进行了研究。在云南省蒙自市,收集野生小蜜蜂8群,对其筑巢、蜂蜜生产、蜂群越冬等饲养方法进行研究,观察并记录饲养过程中蜂群生物学特性。辅助蜂群筑巢过程中,支撑巢脾的树枝距离地面高度在0.6-1.0 m,蜂群较稳定,不易弃巢;利用"巢脾分区切割"的方法生产蜂蜜可以提高产量,减少蜂群分蜂次数;模拟野外筑巢环境,用塑料框和稻草包装,置于日光室的网室内,可有效辅助蜂群越冬。通过对小蜜蜂饲养方法的探索,明确了云南地区小蜜蜂饲养过程中的筑巢高度及科学合理的蜂蜜生产、蜂群越冬方法,为深入研究该种传粉蜂资源的利用与保护提供了重要的参考依据。     

Response to rearing in laboratory of the xylophagous grape pest,Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an important pest in vineyards (Vitis vinifera) in the main Iberian wine‐producing regions. Larvae were reared with Semi‐Synthetic Iglesias (SSI) diet over 27 months and two generations in the laboratory. Larval mortality was highest during the first (49.49 %) and second (9.38 %) month of rearing, increasing to 50.52 % during the first month if F2 reared larvae were obtained from an F1 adult female obtained in laboratory. The diet had sufficient nutrients to enable the pest to complete its life cycle within nine months, with F1 larval viability ranging from 23.49 % to 27.97 % and F2 larval viability reduced to 2.07 %. However, the diet did not allow for the completion of additional life cycles and generations (F3, F4,…). Larval mortality increased as the months of rearing (66.13 %, 69.51 % and 89.50 %) and generations (59.10 % and 76.93 % in F1 and F2, respectively) progressed in the laboratory. The larva–adult period of females obtained in the laboratory was longer than for males. In the laboratory, the life cycle was shortened in relation to the life cycle in the field because larvae did not require a cold period to break diapause and start pupation. This indicates that X. arvicola has the potential to complete its life cycle inside grape wood in vineyards of wine‐producing regions with warmer winters.     

饲养黄曲条菜跳甲实验种群的一种新方法

介绍一种简便可行的饲养黄曲条菜跳甲Phyllotretastriolata(F.)的新方法———整苗大瓶罩养法。用5种植物根部饲养越冬代,黄曲条菜跳甲均可成功地完成其生活周期,未成熟期最高存活率为63.3%,成虫平均寿命最长为219.2d,平均产卵量最大为192.4粒雌。     

授粉用明亮熊蜂的人工饲养技术

为提高授粉用熊蜂人工繁育效率,降低生产成本,对明亮熊蜂Bombus lucorumL.人工饲养中诱导蜂王产卵和人工控制下的交配2个技术环节进行了研究。结果表明,采用诱导器和伴饲2~3只蜜蜂工蜂的诱导方法,蜂王产卵率和蜂群成群率最高,成群时间最短;使用塑料诱导器和木制诱导器的效果没有显著差异。将8~9日龄的蜂王和11~12日龄的雄蜂放入交配笼时,其交配成功率最高。交配笼内的蜂王数量应控制在30只/m3左右。在晴天,交配笼放置在室外(758 000 lux),其交配成功率最高;在阴天,交配笼应放在交配室内,并开启荧光灯照明(35 000 lux),其交配成功率最高。