针刺运动疗法联合早期康复训练对急性踝关节扭伤患者踝关节功能、血清炎症因子和致痛物质水平的影响

摘要 目的：观察针刺运动疗法联合早期康复训练对急性踝关节扭伤患者踝关节功能、血清炎症因子和致痛物质水平的影响。方法：选取湖南中医药大学第一附属医院2019年5月~2022年1月期间收治的116例急性踝关节扭伤患者。按照随机数字表法分为对照组（早期康复训练,n=58）和研究组（针刺运动疗法联合早期康复训练,n=58）。观察两组治疗前、治疗4周后的疗效、量表评分[视觉模拟评分（VAS）、美国足与踝关节协会（AOFAS）踝-后足功能评分]、踝关节功能、血清炎症因子[白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）]和致痛物质[神经肽（NPY）、P物质（SP）]水平。结果：研究组的临床总有效率为96.55%,高于对照组的77.59%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗4周后,研究组的AOFAS评分高于对照组（P<0.05）,VAS评分低于对照组（P<0.05）,血清IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β水平低于对照组（P<0.05）,踝关节背伸活动度、踝关节跖屈活动度大于对照组（P<0.05）,血清NPY、SP水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：急性踝关节扭伤患者经针刺运动疗法联合早期康复训练干预后,可有效降低其血清致痛物质和炎症因子水平,有利于疼痛症状的缓解及踝关节功能的恢复。     

腹式呼吸训练联合短刺法针刺对气滞血瘀型腰椎间盘突出症患者康复效果的影响

摘要 目的：探讨腹式呼吸训练联合短刺法针刺对气滞血瘀型腰椎间盘突出症（LDH）患者康复效果的影响。方法：将2020年1月至2022年6月湖南中医药大学第一附属医院收治的478例气滞血瘀型LDH患者,随机数字表法分为两组,对照组239例患者实施短刺法针刺治疗,观察组239例患者行腹式呼吸训练联合短刺法针刺治疗。比较两组治疗效果、治疗前后中医症候评分、肌电值（坐位、直立位、前屈位、后伸位）、疼痛因子水平[前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）、β-内啡肽（β-EP）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）、P物质（SP）]水平、视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）、日本骨科协会评估治疗分数（JOA）评分、腰椎关节活动度（左屈、左旋、右屈、右旋）及安全性。结果：治疗后,两组治疗效果分级经秩和检验差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,且观察组治疗总有效率显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后观察组各中医症候评分低于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后观察组坐位、直立位、前屈位、后伸位肌电值高于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后观察组疼痛因子PGE₂、5-HT、SP水平低于对照组,β-EP水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后观察组VAS评分、ODI低于对照组,JOA评分高于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后观察组左屈、左旋、右屈、右旋活动度优于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组不良事件发生率比较无显著差异（P＞0.05）。结论：腹式呼吸训练联合短刺法针刺可提高气滞血瘀型LDH患者临床疗效,增强患者肌力,改善腰椎功能,恢复关节活动度,同时通过调控疼痛介质水平,减轻患者疼痛症状,且具有较好安全性,值得临床借鉴应用。     

Influence of handling and conditioning protocol on learning and memory of Microplitis croceipes

Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) learns odors in association with both hosts and food. The food‐associated ‘seeking’ behavior of M. croceipes was investigated under various training protocols utilizing the conditioning odor, 3‐octanone. We investigated the effects of odor training, or its lack, training duration, training frequency, time elapsed after training, wasp hunger state, and training reinforcement, on the food‐seeking responses of M. croceipes females. We found that odor‐trained females show strong food seeking responses, whereas non‐odor‐trained females do not respond to the odor, and that a single 10 s association with the odor whilst feeding on sugar water subsequently conditioned the wasps to exhibiting significant responses to it. Increases in training time to more than 10 s did not improve their responses. Repetition of the food–odor associations increased a wasp's recall, as well as its response over time, compared to a single exposure. Repeated exposure to the learned odor in the absence of a food reward decreased the responses of less hungry individuals. However, the level of response increased significantly following a single reinforcement with the food–odor association. Understanding the factors that influence learning in parasitoids can enhance our ability to predict their foraging behavior, and opens up avenues for the development of effective biological detectors.     

THE STABILITY OF INTERVAL MATRICES

I．IntrodutionInthepaper厂1］al。d［2】．themeasureofmatrixAandsystemofma－trlcesA（t）（t＞t。）wasInvestlgat叨respective！y．Inthispaper,weIntroducethecone叩tofthemeasureforIntervalmatrlcesalldstudythestabilityofIntervalmatrlcesbyuslllgthisconcept．I。etthesystemofmatrixA（l）一（a;,（t》beaplecewlsecolltllltjotlsfunctionmatrix．Inthepaper［2］thefollowingrelatlol。sh,pIssaidtobethemeasureoftilesystemofnlatrlcesA（t）,a：idweof＞talllthatFOfbfOVlty,W6diSCU88Oillyl,1（A（t））1…     

Are daughters more costly to produce for Japanese macaque mothers?: Sex of the offspring and subsequent interbirth intervals

Based on a sample of 237 live births recorded over a period of 30 years, a tendency for longer interbirth intervals following the birth of daughters than sons was recognized, in the provisioned Arashiyama troop of Japanese macaques. This may indicate that female infants were more costly to produce than male infants. This tendency seemed to be independent of a mother’s rank.     

运动延缓脑衰老的实验研究

运动是延缓脑衰老的重要手段之一。以“跑转笼”方式建立运动动物模型,用行为学、形态学和生物学研究方法,研究从青年开始的长期运动（８ｍｏ,１９ｍｏ）对运动相关中枢随年龄增加而出现的退行性变化的作用及作用机制。结果表明,长期适量运动能够延缓运动相关中枢随年龄增加而出现的形态结构和功能的退行性变化,通过促进神经元结构代偿而改善神经元功能。     

Ovarian development, spawning frequency and batch fecundity in Encrasicholina heteroloba (Ruppell, 1858)

A histological and gravimetric analysis of oocyte development in Encrasicholina heteroloba (Ruppell, 1858) indicated that this species spawns serially and has a group-synchronous mode of ovarian development. A six stage maturity scale, based on both external morphology and oocyte composition, was proposed to classify ovarian development in E. heteroloba . The incidence of females with hydrated oocytes and post-ovulatory follicles in samples from two regions; the south Java Sea and Roviana lagoon, in the Solomon Islands were used to estimate spawning frequency. Estimates of mean inter-spawning intervals ranged from around 2 days in fish from Roviana lagoon to up to 16.7 days in fish from the south Java Sea. Batch fecundity was determined from the number of oocytes in the largest oocyte size class in ripe stage ovaries. Batch fecundity was related to size and was significantly greater for a given size in the Roviana lagoon population ( F = 0.081 × L ^4.89, Roviana population; F = 1.682 × L ^2.83, Jepara population).     

Reproductive parameters of female Japanese macaques: Thirty years data from the arashiyama troops,Japan

Over a 30-year period from 1954 to 1983, 975 live births were recorded for Japanese macaque females at the Iwatayama Monkey Park, Arashiyama, Japan. Excluding unknown birth dates, primiparous mothers gave birth to 185 infants (182 cases with age of mother known) and multiparous mothers gave birth to 723 infants (603 cases with age of mother known). The peak month of birth was May with 52.3% of the total births occurring during the period. Multiparous females who had not given birth the previous year did so earlier than multiparous females who had given birth the previous year and also earlier than primiparous females. Among the females who had given birth the previous year, females whose infant had died gave birth earlier than females who had reared an infant the previous year. The offspring sex ratio (1:0.97) was not significantly different from 1:1, and revealed no consistent association with mother's age. Age-fecundity exhibited a humped curve. The annual birth rate was low at the age of 4 years but increased thereafter, ranging between 46.7% and 69.0%, at between 5 and 19 years of age, but again decreased for females between 20 and 25 years of age. Some old females displayed clear reproductive senescence. The infant mortality within the first year of age was quite low (10.3%) and the neonatal (less than 1 month old) mortality rate accounted for 49.0% of all infant deaths. There was no significant difference between the mortality rates of male and female infants. A female's rank-class had no apparent effect on the annual birth rate, infant mortality, and offspring sex ratio. These long-term data are compared with those from other primate populations.     

Preliminary results from the self-regulatory treatment of high-medication-consumption headache

Data are presented from a prospective clinical replication series of ten consecutive high-medication headache patients who presented for nondrug treatment of their headaches. For the first eight, an attempt was made to withdraw the patients from medication, with the assistance of relaxation training, prior to entering a comprehensive self-regulatory treatment program. For the last two, drug withdrawal accompanied the treatment. Six of the ten patients showed clinically significant reductions in headache activity, which held up over follow-ups of up to 12 months. Psychological tests provide some discrimination between success and failures.This research was supported in part by a grant from NINDS, No. NS-23340. Appreciation is expressed to Dr. Kenneth A. Appelbaum and Ms. Denise Michultka for their roles in this study.