林下人参生理特性和生长与林内生态因子的关系

结合模拟试验,对林下人参的生理活动及生长过程与林内生态因子的关系进行 了观测研究．结果表明,林内光照、水分、温度等因子与林下人参生长的关系极为密切．一 般林内光照在中等条件下,即相对光照在１０～３５％左右．林分郁闭度约０．６～０．８,土壤含 水量在 ３５～４０％时人参生长最好;林下人参的物候进程及生长与温度的关系密切．林内 温度在５℃左右人参芽胞开始萌动,１５℃左右地上茎高生长进入速生期,６月上旬生长停 止．因此,人为调节各种生态因子在适宜的范围内有利于林下人参的生长．     

Torvonin-A,a spirostane saponin from Solanum torvum leaves

A new steroidal saponin, torvonin-A, has been isolated from S. torvum leaves and its structure has been established as neochlorogenin-3-O-β-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)β-L-rhamnopyranoside.     

A crystalline saponin with anti-tumor activity from entada phaseoloides

A crystalline saponin, isolated from the seed kernels of Entada phaseoloides, has the tentative empirical formula C₄₅H₈₂O₂₇. Acid hydrolysis yeilds a crystalline sapogenin C₃₀H₄₈O₅ which appears to be identical with entagenic acid, together with arabinose and xylose. The saponin shows significant activity against Walker 256 carcinosarcoma in rats.     

American and korean ginseng tissue cultures: Growth,chemical analysis,and plantlet production

Summary Roots, stems, or leaves of American (Panax quinquefolium) and Korean (Panax ginsing) ginseng were grown as callus or supension tissue cultures. Tissue cultures ofP. ginseng would occasionally form plantlets. The fundamental chemical composition, inorganic analysis, and saponin (panaquilin) content of American and Korean ginseng plants and tissue cultures were determined. The crude saponin content is very similar to, but approximately one-half (1.3%, fresh weight) of that present in ginseng roots. Two-dimensional thin layer chromatographic analysis revealed minor differences in the panaquilins present in American and Korean ginseng tissue cultures. The sapogenin, panaxadiol, was isolated from Korean ginseng callus.     

人参潜在地理分布以及气候变化对其影响预测

本文以人参为研究对象,基于人参分布点位数据和22个气候环境因子数据,运用BioMod2平台10个物种分布模型对当前我国东北地区人参潜在生境分布进行预测.以受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)为权重集成10个模型的模拟结果,构建组合模型,并基于该模型预测了IPCC 第五次评估报告中RCP 8.5、RCP 6.0、RCP 4.5和RCP 2.6等4种排放情景下21世纪50和70年代人参潜在分布范围.结果表明: 在基准气候条件下,人参适宜生境面积占研究区总面积的10.4%,此类地区主要分布于研究区东北部长白山地区以及小兴安岭东南部区域的森林地带.在未来不同的排放情景下研究区人参的适宜生境变化显著,总体上分布范围将有一定程度的缩小.同时参与建模的10种模型在统计学精度、预测结果以及变量权重上都有差异.模型精度计算结果表明,MAXENT模拟效果最好,GAM、RF和ANN次之,SRE模拟精度最低.本文构建的组合模型在一定程度上提高了现有物种分布模型的预测精度,从而使模拟效果更优.     

The Isolation and Structures of Kaji-lchigoside Fl and Rosamultin

Two epimers of triterpenoid saponins, kajiichigoside F1 (R-8) and rosamultin (R-9) were isolated from the fruits of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. R-8 was obtained as white needle crystal with mp 205–207℃ and [a]D18 + 10.5˚ (C = 0.0953, absolute ethanol); R-9 was white crystal with mp 214–216℃ and [a]D18 + 9.5 (C=0.1050, absolute ethanol). The structures of the two compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis ,(UV, IR, 1H-, 13C-NMR, MS) and chemical methods.     

Two New Species of the Genus Bupleurum (Umbelliferae) from China

Bupleurum is a genus largely distributed in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. In China 36 species, 17 varieties and 7 forms have hitherto been reported and most of them are used as Chinese traditional drugs under the name of Chai-Hu. Chai-Hu is one of the most popular drugs used ever since the ancient time and is prescribed principally in the treatment of fevers and influenza. In this article, the authors report two new species, B. kunmingense Y. Li et S. L. Pan and B. polyclonum Y. Li et S. L. Pan which were discovered in Yunnan Province based on morphological studies and preliminary phytochemical tests. The ultraviolet spectrums and thin layer chromatograms of the essential oil and the crude saikosaponins of the two new species are similar to those of B. chinense DC., the standard material medica of Chai-Hu. Moreover, two new saikosaponin spots located between saikosaponin a and c in TLC were discovered in the two new species, and this could be served as a chemical evidence for identification purpose. In the histochemistry examination, the reaction of saikosaponin with color developing agent in parenchyma of the roots of the two new species is obviously more significant than that of B. chinense DC. and this phenomenon has also been proved to be true by TLC of the crude saikosaponin extracts of these two new species. It is suggested that the two new species be used as a substitute ofhigh quality for Chai-Hu.     

茶皂素对菜青虫的拒食作用方式及机制

采用注射、熏蒸、点滴、饲喂、内吸等方法测定了茶皂素对菜粉蝶Ｐｉｅｒｉｓ　ｒａｐａｅ　Ｌ．５龄幼虫的拒食活性。结果表明,茶皂素对５龄菜青虫具有很强的饲喂拒食活性,２４小时选择性拒食中浓度ＡＦＣ_(５０)为４０．８８ｍｇ／Ｌ,非选择性拒食中浓度为３２１．９２ｍｇ／Ｌ;并具有一定的内吸拒食作用,尤其是根部施药法内吸拒食活性较明显。茶皂素对菜青虫无显著的注射、熏蒸、点滴拒食作用。     

白穗花的甾体皂甙

从中国特有植物白穗花（Speiranthagardenii（Hook．）Baill．）根茎中分离得到两个新的甾体皂甙。经化学和光谱方法鉴定其化学结构分别为22－甲氧基－（25R）－5β－呋喃甾烷－1β,3β,4β,5β,26-五羟基26－O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙（Ⅰ）和22-甲氧基-（25R）－5β-呋喃甾烷-1β,2β,3β,4β,5β,26-六羟基26－O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙（Ⅱ）。     

Analysis of an immunoadjuvant saponin fraction from Quillaja brasiliensis leaves by electrospray ionization ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry

An immunoadjuvant saponin fraction from Quillaja brasiliensis leaves was investigated by direct infusion and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry in negative ion mode (DI-ESI-IT-MSⁿ and LC-ESI-IT-MSⁿ). The aglycone and the sequence of the oligosaccharide residues at C-3 and C-28 were characterized based on MS² and MS³ experiments of the [MH]⁻ ions. According to their [MH]⁻ ions, characteristic product ions and retention times, 27 bidesmosidic saponins, bearing four types of triterpenic aglycones, were tentatively identified.