瑞丽莫里热带雨林种子植物区系的初步研究

初步分析了鲜为人知的滇西南瑞丽莫里的热带雨林植物区系组成与地理成分。该植物区系中热带和主产热带的科占总科数的80%以上,热带分布属占总属数的84.1%;典型热带分布种占总种数的82.1%,该区系在科、属和种水平上均以热带成分占优势,明显属于热带性质的植物区系。在其热带分布属中,又以热带亚洲分布属最多,占总属数的26.5%;典型热带分布种中也以热带亚洲分布及其变型的种占绝对优势,占总种数的72.9%,反映了该植物区系具有热带亚洲植物区系的性质特点。在其热带亚洲成分中,又具体以南亚—大陆东南亚成分比例最高,反映了滇西南的热带雨林植物区系由于地域邻接关系,受印度(喜马拉雅)—缅甸植物区系的强烈影响。     

云南思茅翠云石灰岩山剑叶龙血树群落的研究

根据6个10m×10m样地的调查资料,对思茅翠云石灰岩山森林的群落学特征进行了分析研究,结果显示:(1)云南思茅翠云石灰岩山森林主要由常绿的剑叶龙血树形成单优群落,而群落内随乔木径级的增大,个体/种的数量逐渐减小。(2)该群落在600m2样地内,共计维管束植物123种,隶属于65科110属;其中乔木种类最为丰富,共有51种,隶属29科46属,而林下草本和层间藤本植物种类次之,灌木和附生植物种类较少。(3)群落主要以高位芽植物为主,其中又以中高位芽植物比例最大,占所统计总数的35.77%;在叶片生态学特征方面,群落以常绿(65.04%)、中叶(56.1%)和小叶(40.7%)、单叶(73.98%)、纸质(59.35%)、全缘(64.23%)、非尾尖(91.06%)为主。(4)该群落是一种基本上常绿或半常绿的森林群落,与经典的“季雨林”特征不符,应是一种滇南石灰岩山地上发育的特殊森林植被类型。     

云南水龙骨科星蕨亚科植物的区系地理研究

对云南水龙骨科星蕨亚科植物种类的地理成分进行了划分,并对云南与邻近地区的区系联系进行了比较,对云南该亚科植物的区系起源也作了探讨。得出如下结论云南是中国水龙骨科星蕨亚科植物的现代地理分布中心;该亚科植物是典型的热带亚洲的区系成分;与广西和越南北部的区系联系最密切;云南东南部和越南北部是水龙骨科星蕨亚科植物的多样性中心。     

Checklist of the Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae) of Equatorial Guinea (Annobón, Bioko and Río Muni)

This study provides a checklist of the Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae) present in Equatorial Guinea, comprising 52 genera and 124 taxa. Seven species are known from Annobón, 33 from Bioko and 109 from Río Muni. The best represented genus is Senna with eight species. In addition, bibliographic references for Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae) from Equatorial Guinea have been gathered and checked. Fourteen species are included based on literature records, because their distribution ranges suggest they may occur in Equatorial Guinea, 11 introduced species could be naturalized, and 45 taxa are recorded for the first time from the country. This represents an increase of over 35% in the floristic knowledge of Caesalpinioideae from Equatorial Guinea. A statistical summary is presented at the end of the checklist.  © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 151 , 541–562.     

Distribution,community characteristics and classification of Stipa tianschanica var. klemenzii steppe in China

Stipa tianschanica var. klemenzii steppe is the most typical formation of desert steppe in China. Based on the primary plots data obtained from fieldworks during the growing seasons from 2010 to 2016 as well as some earlier records, we studied the Stipa tianschanica var. klemenzii steppe across China systematically, including the eco-geographical distributions, community characteristics and classifications. The results showed that S. tianschanica var. klemenzii steppe distributed mainly on the Ulan Qab Plateau and western Xilin Gol Plateau. Due to the arid biotope of S. tianschanica var. klemenzii steppe, quantitative characteristics of the assemblage including height, coverage, biomass and species richness were normally lower than that of most Stipa formations in Eurasian steppe region. Moreover, 165 seed plants belonging to 85 genera and 29 families were recorded in the 80 study sites, in which rare species (occurrence frequency <20%) made up 87% of the total plants while common species and constant species could only be found occasionally. Species with the occurrence frequency exceeding 50% included S. tianschanica var. klemenzii, Convolvulus ammannii, Cleistogenes songorica, Allium tenuissimum. In addition, Hemicryptophyte and therophyte were the two dominant life forms, covering 55% and 20% of the species, respectively. As for the ecological type of water, typical xerophytes accounted for 47% of all species which is followed by super-xerophytes and meso-xerophytes. Middle Asian areal-type and east Palaeo-North areal-type were the two major floristic elements, containing 37% and 26% of the species, respectively. Based on the life forms and dominances of the species within the community, S. tianschanica var. klemenzii steppe in China could be classified into 6 association groups, 29 associations.     

Phylogeographic breaks and the mechanisms of their formation in the Sino-Japanese floristic region

Due to combinations of diverse geography and climate, and complex geo-climate histories and sea level fluctuations, the Sino-Japanese floristic region has extremely high species diversity. Phylogeography is an effective method to identify the factors triggering the formation and differentiation of species diversity. Previous studies showed that phylogeographic breaks, the genetic discontinuity between different gene genealogies, were ubiquitously present. From the west to the east, seven general phylogeographic breaks occur, including the Mekong- Salween Divide, the Tanaka-Kaiyong Line, the Sichuan Basin, ca. 105° E, the boundary between the Second and Third ladders, the North China, and the East China Sea and Korea Strait. These phylogeographic breaks are mainly attributable to both historical and ecological factors, which are generally due to a combined effect of the isolation by distance (IBD) and the isolation by environment (IBE). Geological events and climate changes are the historical factors, mainly including the uplift of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, the formation and intensification of the Asian monsoon and the Asian interior aridification, the redevelopment of the arid belt, and the Quaternary climate oscillations and sea level fluctuations. Adaptive divergence, namely the divergence induced by different selective pressures under different environments, is responsible for the ecological factors. Adaptive divergence could obstacle gene flow among populations, resulting in the formation of phylogeographic break. However, an identical phylogeographic break is not shared by all the plants because of their various intrinsic biological characteristics, among which the difference in dispersal ability is most important. Finally, we envisaged the future development of phylogeographic break studies based on accurate divergence time estimation, relative contribution of IBD and IBE, and also the utilization of comparative phylogeography.     

辽东半岛仙人洞自然保护区植物区系多样性分析

物种多样性分析与研究对于全球生物多样性保护具有重要的意义,运用植物地理学理论,结合外业调查、多样性指数、相关分析和聚类模型等方法,对辽宁仙人洞植物区系多样性进行定量分析,以揭示山地区系生物多样性的特点及规律。结果表明:(1)本区野生植物种类组成丰富,共有维管植物109科379属803种,其中蕨类植物13科17属39种,裸子植物5科12属18种,被子植物91科350属746种,优势科现象明显,单种属和少种属占比率较高,表现出一定古老残遗性;种的区系分布型多样,区系组成复杂,但特有现象不明显;温带成分占主体,表明本区温带植物区系历史起源。(2)仙人洞与邻近山地相比较,植物区系Shannon-Wiener指数差异明显(1.736~2.053),其中仙人洞和徂徕山较高,白石砬子和长白山较低,而Simpson指数差异并不明显(0.711 4~0.825 3)。(3)经相关性分析,不同山地植物区系之间相似程度显著(P0.01),相关系数达0.811~0.997,聚类分析显示仙人洞、凤凰山、千山、五台山及小五台山区系关系较近,支持仙人洞划归华北植物区系山地植物亚地区较为合适。     

福建茫荡山黄枝润楠群落植物区系特点研究

采用典型调查与线路调查相结合的方法,对茫荡山自然保护区黄枝润楠群落的植物区系进行调查分析。结果表明,该群落植物种类丰富,区域性单种科和少种科、单种属和少种属、少属科和寡属科占优势;以樟科、山茶科、茜草科、蔷薇科、紫金牛科、桑科等为优势科;以润楠属、山茶属、冬青属、榕属等为优势属,以樟科、山茶科、桑科、紫金牛科、五加科、冬青科等为表征科。体现了该区系组成分散,优势科属明显,区系起源古老,具有华南植物区系的特征。     

广东石门台自然保护区的蕨类植物区系分析

通过野外调查和标本参考,广东英德石门台国家自然保护区蕨类植物区系共含47科, 96属, 293种。分析表明:(1)热带、亚热带分布性质的科为主(31科),占66.0%,非热带性分布科(16科),占34.4%。(2)热带、亚热带性质的属占优势(64属,占66.7%),其中泛热带分布属(24,25.0%)和热带亚洲分布属(19, 19.8%)是最重要的分布类型。世界分布属占26.4%,温带分布属很不明显,占7.3%。属的这种分布格局,显示出该区蕨类植物区系从热带成分向亚热带成分的渗透和过渡。(3)热带、亚热带分布种(139种)所占比例最大(47.4%),其中以热带亚洲性质的占优势(103, 35.2%);温带成分占较大的比例(34.1%)。种的分析结果与属的分析结果相差很大,出现区系相互渗透的现象。(4)在种的相似性比较上,与东部车八岭的相似性最高(38.5/59.2);与西部大瑶山种的相似性最低(21.5/35.6)。该区的蕨类植物区系与周围地区关系较为密切。     

甘肃木本植物区系生活型和果实类型构成式样与水热因子的相关分析

通过甘肃木本植物生活型和果实类型构成式样对水热因子的相关分析指出:(1)乔木类、大灌木、藤木和寄生植物与各水热因子呈正相关, 小灌木与各水热因子均呈负相关, 灌木则与平均降水和平均温度呈负相关;(2)常绿类型与水热因子呈正相关, 落叶类与水热因子呈负相关;(3)走廊小区的常绿类型比例较水热条件较好的中部小区高, 原因在于其植物区系特殊的起源背景;(4)湿润度与干果类呈显著负相关, 与肉果类呈显著正相关, 干果类和肉果类的成因可能与植物生长环境中水分状况密切相关;(5)球果类与热量因子呈负相关, 与水分因子呈正相关, 与湿润度呈显着正相关;翅果、坚果、核果、果、颖果与各水热因子均呈正相关关系;蒴果与各水热因子呈负相关关系, 干冷生境可能是其形态发生的重要驱动因素;胞果类与年均降水量呈显着负相关, 表明干旱的生境有利于胞果类的发育;(6)物种多样性、生活型和果实类型丰富度以及树体的高度在水热梯度上表现出相关变化趋势。研究进一步指出, 不同果实类型生长发育对水热条件均有特定要求, 弄清果实演化序列将有助于分析特定植物群落果实类型的构成式样和揭示环境变化对植物生长发育的影响, 未来应加强果实系统发育对生态因子梯度变化响应机制的研究。