木麻黄抗逆性研究进展

木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia)是热带、亚热带常绿乔木,天然生长于滨海疏松沙土中,为多用途速生树种.长期生长在恶劣的沿海气候和环境中使其具有较强的抗盐、抗风、耐瘠薄、抗涝能力.木麻黄已广泛种植于我国东南沿海,主要用于防风固沙、盐碱地改良和干旱地区绿化等,在防御沿海自然灾害、改善生态环境方面发挥了巨大作用.杂交和盐碱地露地育苗等技术使木麻黄的抗寒性也得到了较大提高.本文就近年来木麻黄抗非生物胁迫的研究进行了综述,旨在为合理开发和利用木麻黄资源提供参考依据.     

平利短肛棒危害植物种类及其取食量和排粪量的研究

平利短肛棒Baculum pinglienseChenetHe是一种分布较为广泛的新农林害虫 ,可危害 2 0多科、70余种植物的叶片。成虫日平均食鲜栎叶量分别为 :♀ 85 94～ 2 2 2 6 3mg(7 80～ 18 10cm2 )、♂ 19 5 3～ 5 9 5 3mg(1 2 6～4 84cm2 ) ;日平均排粪量 (干重 )分别为 :♀ 36 87～ 70 6 8mg(30 1～ 5 7 7粒 )、♂ 10 36～ 16 6 5mg(4 1 45～ 6 6 5 8粒 )。雌成虫耐饥力比雄成虫强 ,二者耐饥时间长短与温湿度有关     

Reproducibility of cardiac biomarkers response to prolonged treadmill exercise

Abstract

We examined the reproducibility of alterations in cardiac biomarkers after two identical bouts of prolonged exercise in young athletes. Serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were assessed before and after exercise. Significant rises in median hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP occurred in both trials. While the absolute changes in hs-cTnT were smaller after trial 2, the pattern of change was similar and the delta scores were significantly related. However, the change in NT-proBNP was not correlated between trials. The hs-cTnT release demonstrates some consistency after exercise although the blunted hc-cTnT response requires further study.     

Ⅱ期心脏康复方案对心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肺功能、运动耐力及生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：观察Ⅱ期心脏康复方案对心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肺功能、运动耐力及生活质量的影响。方法：选择自2018年3月到2021年3月期间我院接收的120例心脏瓣膜置换术患者,根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组（60例,围术期常规康复干预）和观察组（60例,在对照组基础上给予Ⅱ期心脏康复方案）。观察两组运动耐力、心肺功能及生活质量,记录两组随访期间心血管不良事件发生率。结果：干预2个月后,两组峰值摄氧量（VO₂peak）、无氧阈时摄氧量（VO₂at）、无氧阈时代谢当量（METat）、氧脉搏（O₂pulse）均升高,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预2个月后,两组Fugl-Meyer运动量表（FMA）评分升高、6 min步行试验距离（6MWT）增加,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预2个月后,两组总体健康（GH）、生命活力（VT）、躯体疼痛（BP）、社会功能（SF）、心理健康（MH）、生理职能（RP）、生理功能（PF）、情感职能（RE）评分均升高,且观察组较对照组高（P<0.05）。与对照组比较,观察组心血管不良事件发生率降低（P<0.05）。结论：Ⅱ期心脏康复方案应用于心脏瓣膜置换术患者,可改善心肺功能,提高运动耐力及生活质量,降低心血管不良事件发生率。     

腹式呼吸训练法对COPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者肺通气状态、血气指标及运动耐力的影响

摘要 目的：探讨腹式呼吸训练法对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者肺通气状态、血气指标及运动耐力的影响。方法：选择我院2020年07月2022年12月期间收治的100例COPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者,根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组[常规治疗基础上接受双水平气道正压（BIPAP）辅助通气,n=50]和研究组（对照组的基础上接受腹式呼吸训练法干预,n=50）。对比两组临床相关指标、肺通气状态、血气指标及运动耐力指标。结果：研究组的喘憋消失时间、体温恢复正常时间、住院时间、肺部啰音消失时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预1周后第1秒呼气的最大容积（FEV₁）、最大自主分钟通气量（MVV）、用力肺活量（FVC）均升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预1周后氧分压（PaO2₂）、血氧饱和度（SpO₂）均升高,且研究组高于对照组;二氧化碳分压（PaCO₂）下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预1周后6 min步行距离（6MWT）升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：腹式呼吸训练法有助于改善COPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的临床症状,调节肺通气状态、血气指标,提高运动耐力。     

Aerobic endurance, anatomical factors and time properties of laser Doppler recorded skin postocclusive hyperaemia

Aerobic endurance capacity is partly dependent on blood supply to and metabolic capacity of the active muscles. Recordings of lower limb skin postocclusive hyperaemia with laser Doppler flowmetry can differentiate between patients with lower limb atherosclerosis and healthy controls. In this study, we investigated the relationship between aerobic endurance, calf volume, common femoral artery diameter and time properties of the postocclusive laser Doppler curve. A group of 16 healthy male subjects with values for aerobic endurance which varied from those of untrained men to elite endurance trained athletes were examined. Duration of laser Doppler recorded skin postocclusive hyperaemia was significantly correlated to both aerobic power and anaerobic threshold (P less than 0.01). Hyperaemia in subjects with large common femoral artery diameter was of shorter duration (P less than 0.05). The peak and mean body mass related blood flow during hyperaemia was correlated to anaerobic threshold (P less than 0.05). These results were in agreement with previous studies indicating an effect of endurance training on the blood supply to the muscles concerned.     

Cardioprotective effects of high-intensity interval training are mediated through microRNA regulation of mitochondrial and oxidative stress pathways

Human studies have shown high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has beneficial cardiovascular effects and is typically more time-efficient compared with traditional endurance exercise. The main goal of this study is to show the potential molecular and functional cardiovascular benefits of HIIT compared with endurance training (ET). Three groups of mice were used including sedentary-control, ET mice, and HIIT mice groups. Results indicated ejection fraction was increased in HIIT compared with ET while fractional shortening was increased in the HIIT group compared with both groups. Blood flow of the abdominal aorta was increased in both exercise groups compared with control. Increases in cross-sectional area and mitochondrial and antioxidative markers in HIIT compared with control were observed, along with several microRNAs. These findings indicate HIIT has specific cardiac-protective effects and may be a viable alternative to traditional ET as a cardiovascular preventative medicine intervention.     

华丽肖蛸和锥腹肖蛸不同龄期饥饿耐受性研究

【目的】测定华丽肖蛸Tetragnatha nitens和锥腹肖蛸Tetragnatha maxillosa在实验条件下的耐饥力,确定其龄期与耐饥力之间的关系,为稻田害虫综合防治提供理论依据。【方法】实验条件:不供食物、实验温度为25℃,在人工气候箱内饲养并饥饿华丽肖蛸和锥腹肖蛸的幼蛛及成蛛。华丽肖蛸和锥腹肖蛸根据龄期分别设置3个处理组以及与每个处理组对应的对照组,每3 d统计死亡率。【结果】饥饿状态下华丽肖蛸和锥腹肖蛸的存活时间与体重之间相关性是极显著的;华丽肖蛸和锥腹肖蛸各自3个不同龄期组的存活时间具有极显著差异;华丽肖蛸和锥腹肖蛸对应的3个相同龄期组的存活时间无显著差异;不同龄期组幼蛛的阶段成活率与存活时间之间符合二次抛物线关系。用拟合曲线得出华丽肖蛸的饥饿半致死时间(t50)和致死时间(t95)分别为22 d和32 d;锥腹肖蛸的饥饿半致死时间(t50)和致死时间(t95)分别为20 d和28 d。【结论】华丽肖蛸和锥腹肖蛸的幼蛛在没有食物的实验条件下,具有一定的耐饥饿能力,仍可存活一定的时间。     

白藜芦醇对耐力训练小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨白藜芦醇对6周耐力训练小鼠的白细胞亚群、T淋巴细胞亚群和脾淋巴细胞增殖转化能力的影响。方法:72只昆明小鼠随机分为安静对照组(A组)、耐力训练组(B组)、耐力训练+白藜芦醇组(C组),每组24只小鼠,C组小鼠每日给予白藜芦醇10mg/kg灌胃,与B组共同进行6周递增负荷游泳训练,再进行力竭游泳实验,力竭后24h处死小鼠取材进行指标检测。结果:补充白藜芦醇使耐力训练小鼠外周血白细胞总数、单核细胞和淋巴细胞数量、CD3+CD8+显著回升,维持CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+在正常范围,使小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖转化能力提高,一定浓度范围内的白藜芦醇体外均能增强小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖转化能力。结论:白藜芦醇在一定程度上提高了耐力训练小鼠的免疫功能。     

CD36, but not GPR120, is required for efficient fatty acid utilization during endurance exercise

Fatty acids (FA) are an important energy source during exercise. In addition to its role as an energy supply for skeletal muscle, FA may activate signaling pathways that regulate gene expression. FA translocase/cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and G protein-coupled receptor GPR120 are long-chain FA receptors. In this study, we investigated the impact of CD36 or GPR120 deletion on energy metabolism during exercise. CD36 has been reported to facilitate cellular transport and oxidation of FA during endurance exercise. We show that CD36 deletion decreased exogenous FA oxidation during exercise, using a combination of ¹³C-labeled FA oxidation measurement and indirect calorimetry. In contrast, GPR120 deletion had no observable effect on energy metabolism during exercise. Our results further substantiate that CD36-mediated FA transport plays an essential role in efficient FA oxidation during exercise.