中国地衣新记录属─小腊肠衣属(英文)

在进行《中国地衣志》的编写中,作者从采自我国新疆阿尔泰山哈纳斯湖附近的地衣标本中发现了北极小腊肠衣［Ｂｒｏｄｏａｏｒｏａｒｃｔｉｃａ（Ｋｒｏｇ）Ｇｏｗａｒｄ］（茶渍目,子囊菌门）。小腊肠衣属（ＢｒｏｄｏａＧｏｗａｒｄ）是中国新记录属,因而,也是中国地衣区系中已知的第２３４个属。本文对于该属、种在形态学、结构学、化学及地理分布等方面进行了描述与讨论。对于它和邻近属的区别也做了简要的对比。     

Manganese depletion in chloroplasts of Quercus rotundifolia during chemical simulation of lichen epiphytic states

Incubation of Quercus rotundifolia branches in culture media containing lichen substances isolated from Evernia prunastri thallus produces inhibition of Hill reaction in chloroptasts isolated from the leaves of the branches. Incubation with lichen substances diminishes the amount of chloroplastic manganese through a chelation process. This decrease causes the loss of photosynthetic activity because the Hill reaction is restored upon addition of exogenous manganese to the chloropiasts.     

Synthesis and Antioxidant Evaluation of O-Methylated Emodacidamides: Starting from Parietin,a Secondary Metabolite of Lichen Xanthoria parietina

Polyhydroxy-anthraquinones bearing amino acids are found rather seldom in nature. Emodacidamides, isolated from a marine-derived fungus, Penicillium sp. SCSIO sof101 by Luo et al. (2017) are the first natural example of amino acid conjugated anthraquinone. In this study, O-methylated emodacidamides and emodinic acid-anilides were synthesized starting from parietin, extracted from the lichen Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. The structural elucidations of prepared compounds were confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR analyses including HSQC and HMBC techniques. In addition, all newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for the antioxidant activities with free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging. The synthesized compounds showed low to moderate antioxidant and DPPH scavenging activities. The antioxidant activities were supported within quantum chemical calculations using the DFT−B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. It is observed that the antioxidant activity of emodacidamides mostly depends on the phenolic groups on anthraquinone ring. The phenolic groups on other substituents help to improve antioxidant activity and also the position of hydroxy group is a decisive factor for antioxidant ability.     

Biomonitoring of air pollution as exemplified by recent IAEA programs

Biomonitoring is an appropriate tool for assessing the levels of atmospheric pollution, having several advantages compared with the use of direct measurements of contaminants (e.g., in airborne particulate matter, atmospheric deposition, precipitation), related primarily to the permanent and common occurrence of the chosen organisms in the field, the ease of sampling, and trace element accumulation. Furthermore, biomonitors may provide a measure of integrated exposure over an extended period of time and are present in remote areas and no expensive technical equipment is involved in collecting them. They accumulate contaminants over the exposure time and concentrate them, thus facilitating analytical measurements. Based on largescale biomonitoring surveys, polluted areas can be identified, and by applying appropriate statistical tools, information can be obtained on the type of pollution sources and on the transboundary transport of atmospheric pollutants. The International Atomic Energy Agency is including the research on biomonitors in its projects on health-related environmental studies. Biomonitoring activities from several coordinated research projects on air pollution are presented, and results from an international workshop are discussed. In addition, activities in supporting improvement quality in the participating laboratories are outlined.