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91.
Iñigo Garbayo Michal Struzik William J. Bowman Reto Pfenninger Evelyn Stilp Jennifer L. M. Rupp 《Liver Transplantation》2018,8(12)
Ceramic Li7La3Zr2O12 garnet materials are promising candidates for the electrolytes in solid state batteries due to their high conductivity and structural stability. In this paper, the existence of “polyamorphism” leading to various glass‐type phases for Li‐garnet structure besides the known crystalline ceramic ones is demonstrated. A maximum in Li‐conductivity exists depending on a frozen thermodynamic glass state, as exemplified for thin film processing, for which the local near range order and bonding unit arrangement differ. Through processing temperature change, the crystallization and evolution through various amorphous and biphasic amorphous/crystalline phase states can be followed for constant Li‐total concentration up to fully crystalline nanostructures. These findings reveal that glass‐type thin film Li‐garnet conductors exist for which polyamorphism can be used to tune the Li‐conductivity being potential new solid state electrolyte phases to avoid Li‐dendrite formation (no grain boundaries) for future microbatteries and large‐scale solid state batteries. 相似文献
92.
Simultaneously Enhancing the Thermal Stability,Mechanical Modulus,and Electrochemical Performance of Solid Polymer Electrolytes by Incorporating 2D Sheets 下载免费PDF全文
Wenjing Tang Shan Tang Cuijuan Zhang Qingtao Ma Qian Xiang Ying‐Wei Yang Jiayan Luo 《Liver Transplantation》2018,8(24)
Solid state electrolytes are the key components for high energy density lithium ion batteries and especially for lithium metal batteries where lithium dendrite growth is an inevitable obstacle in liquid electrolytes. Solid polymer electrolytes based on a complex of polymers and lithium salts are intrinsically advantageous over inorganic electrolytes in terms of processability and film‐forming properties. But other properties such as ionic conductivity, thermal stability, mechanical modulus, and electrochemical stability need to be improved. Herein, for the first time, 2D additives using few‐layer vermiculite clay sheets as an example to comprehensively upgrade poly(ethylene oxide)‐based solid polymer electrolyte are introduced. With clay sheet additives, the polymer electrolyte exhibits improved thermal stability, mechanical modulus, ionic conductivity, and electrochemical stability along with reduced flammability and interface resistance. The composite polymer electrolyte can suppress the formation and growth of lithium dendrites in lithium metal batteries. It is anticipated that the clay sheets upgraded solid polymer electrolyte can be integrated to construct high performance solid state lithium ion and lithium metal batteries with higher energy and safety. 相似文献
93.
Mechanical Property Evolution of Silicon Composite Electrodes Studied by Environmental Nanoindentation 下载免费PDF全文
Yikai Wang Qinglin Zhang Dawei Li Jiazhi Hu Jiagang Xu Dingying Dang Xingcheng Xiao Yang‐Tse Cheng 《Liver Transplantation》2018,8(10)
Mechanical degradation is largely responsible for the short cycle life of silicon (Si)‐based electrodes for future lithium‐ion batteries. An improved fundamental understanding of the mechanical behavior of Si electrodes, which evolves, as demonstrated in this paper, with the state of charge (SOC) and the cycle number, is a prerequisite for overcoming mechanical degradation and designing high capacity and durable Si‐based electrodes. In this study, Young's modulus (E) and hardness (H) of Si composite electrodes at different SOCs and after different cycle numbers are measured by nanoindentation under both dry and wet (liquid electrolyte) conditions. Unlike electrodes made of Si alone, E and H values of Si composite electrodes increase with increasing Li concentration. The composite electrodes under wet conditions are softer than that under dry conditions. Both E and H decrease with the cycle number. These findings highlight the effects of porosity, liquid environment, and degradation on the mechanical behavior of composite electrodes. The methods and results of this study on the mechanical property evolution of Si/polyvinylidene fluoride electrodes form a basis for exploring more effective binders for Si‐based electrodes. Furthermore, the evolving nature of the mechanical behavior of composite electrodes should be taken into consideration in future modeling efforts of porous composite electrodes. 相似文献
94.
Jun Zhang Da‐Wei Wang Wei Lv Lei Qin Shuzhang Niu Siwei Zhang Tengfei Cao Feiyu Kang Quan‐Hong Yang 《Liver Transplantation》2018,8(26)
Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have the potential to be practically applied in large‐scale energy storage markets. The rapid progress of SIBs research is primarily focused on electrodes, while electrolytes attract less attention. Indeed, the improvement of electrode performance is arguably correlated with the electrolyte optimization. In conventional lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), ether‐based electrolytes are historically less practical owing to the insufficient passivation of both anodes and cathodes. As an important class of aprotic electrolytes, ethers have revived with the emerging lithium‐sulfur and lithium‐oxygen batteries in recent years, and are even booming in the wave of SIBs. Ether‐based electrolytes are unique to enabling these new battery chemistries in terms of producing stable ternary graphite intercalation compounds, modifying anode solid electrolyte interphases, reducing the solubility of intermediates, and decreasing polarization. Better still, ether‐based electrolytes are compatible with specific inorganic cathodes and could catalyze the assembly of full SIBs prototypes. This Research News article aims to summarize the recent critical reports on ether‐based electrolytes in sodium‐based batteries, to unveil the uniqueness of ether‐based electrolytes to advancing diverse electrode materials, and to shed light on the viability and challenges of ether‐based electrolytes in future sodium‐based battery chemistries. 相似文献
95.
Germanium Thin Film Protected Lithium Aluminum Germanium Phosphate for Solid‐State Li Batteries 下载免费PDF全文
Yijie Liu Chao Li Bojie Li Hucheng Song Zhu Cheng Minrui Chen Ping He Haoshen Zhou 《Liver Transplantation》2018,8(16)
Solid‐state Li batteries using Na+ superionic conductor type solid electrolyte attracts wide interest because of its safety and high theoretical energy density. The NASCION type solid electrolyte LAGP (Li1.5Al0.5Ge0.5P3O12) shows favorable conductivity as well as good mechanical strength to prevent Li dendrite penetration. However, the instability of LAGP with Li metal remains a great challenge. In this work, an amorphous Ge thin film is sputtered on an LAGP surface, which can not only suppress the reduction reaction of Ge4+ and Li, but also produces intimate contact between the Li metal and the LAGP solid electrolyte. The symmetric cell with the Ge‐coated LAGP solid electrolyte shows superior stability and cycle performance for 100 cycles at 0.1 mA cm?2. A quasi‐solid‐state Li–air battery has also been assembled to further demonstrate this advantage. A stable cycling performance of 30 cycles in ambient air can be obtained. This work helps to achieve a stable and ionic conducting interface in solid‐state Li batteries. 相似文献
96.
Tuğba Keskin Gündoğdu İrem Deniz Gülizar Çalışkan Erdem Sefa Şahin 《Critical reviews in biotechnology》2016,36(2):368-388
Experimental design is a form of process analysis in which certain factors are selected to obtain the desired responses of interest. It may also be used for the determination of the effects of various independent factors on a dependent factor. The bioengineering discipline includes many different areas of scientific interest, and each study area is affected and governed by many different factors. Briefly analyzing the important factors and selecting an experimental design for optimization are very effective tools for the design of any bioprocess under question. This review summarizes experimental design methods that can be used to investigate various factors relating to bioengineering processes. The experimental methods generally used in bioengineering are as follows: full factorial design, fractional factorial design, Plackett–Burman design, Taguchi design, Box–Behnken design and central composite design. These design methods are briefly introduced, and then the application of these design methods to study different bioengineering processes is analyzed. 相似文献
97.
Federica Spina Charles Junghanns Ilaria Donelli Rakesh Nair Philippe Demarche Alice Romagnolo 《Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology》2016,46(7):639-647
The production of laccases from Trametes pubescens was investigated along with the role of nutrients and elicitors. Copper proved to be a fundamental inducer, although productivity yields were consistently enhanced only in the presence of additional compounds (textile dyes). Using a central composite design, the optimal culture condition was examined, by taking into consideration the three distinct variables and their combinatorial effect. The 290?U?ml?1 of laccases were produced after setting nitrogen, copper, and reactive blue 19 concentration; in a bioreactor, activity recovery was lower (90?U?ml?1) and pellet morphology was different. The activity of the laccase crude extract was maximal at 60°C and stable for 14?h at 50°C and for 2 months at pH 6 and room temperature. The biotechnological potential was assessed, confirming the capacity to decolorize single or mixed solutions of textile dyes and to enhance the whitening yield of raw cotton fibers, working in synergism with the conventional H2O2-based method. 相似文献
98.
Karl Schumacher Raimund Strehl Sabine Kloth Michel Tauc Will W. Minuth 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》1999,35(8):465-471
Summary During kidney development the embryonic ampullar collecting duct (CD) epithelium changes its function. The capability for
nephron induction is lost and the epithelium develops into a heterogeneously composed epithelium consisting of principal and
intercalated cells. Part of this development can be mimicked under in vitro conditions, when embryonic collecting duct epithelia
are isolated from neonatal rabbit kidneys and kept under perfusion culture. The differentiation pattern is quite different
when the embryonic collecting duct epithelia are cultured in standard Iscove’s modified Dulbecco’s medium as compared to medium
supplemented with additional NaCl. Thus, the differentiation behavior of embryonic CD epithelia is unexpectedly sensitive.
To obtain more information about how much influence the medium has on cell differentiation, we tested medium 199, basal medium
Eagle, Williams’ medium E, McCoys 5A medium, and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium under serum-free conditions. The experiments
show that in general, all of the tested media are suitable for culturing embryonic collecting duct epithelia. According to
morphological criteria, there is no difference in morphological epithelial cell preservation. The immunohistochemical data
reveal two groups of expressed antigens. Constitutively expressed antigens such as cytokeratin 19, PCD 9, Na/K ATPase, and laminin are present in all cells of the epithelia independent of the culture media used. In contrast,
a group of antigens detected by mab 703, mab 503, and PNA is found only in individual series. Thus, each culture medium produces
epithelia with a very specific cell differentiation pattern. 相似文献
99.
本文研究了以猪毛为原料,经过水解、赶酸、中和、结晶、精制提取出胱氨酸纯品;并从分离胱氨酸后的母液中,经过脱色、离子交换、浓缩、结晶、精制,制备出复合氨基酸.在本工艺条件下,胱氨酸产品的收率为4.8%,纯度在99%以上;复合氨基酸产品的收率为41%,纯度在83%以上.本文为扩大试验打下了基础. 相似文献
100.
Zhi Li Yu Zhang Kang Zhou Taoyi Kong Xing Zhou Yaming Hao Xin Huang Jie Xu Yuwen Cheng Haimei Liu Ziyang Guo Yonggang Wang 《Liver Transplantation》2024,14(15):2303786
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), based on hard carbon anodes and Na+-intercalation compound cathodes, have gained significant attention. Nonetheless, hard carbon anodes involve the storage of Na+ at a low potential, typically below 0.1 V (vs Na/Na+), which increases the risk of dendritic Na growth on the anode surface during overcharging. Herein, a safe organic/inorganic composite anode containing tetrasodium 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylate (Na4PTC) and Metallic bismuth (Bi) with a weight ratio of 7:2, which exhibits an average potential of 0.7 V (vs Na+/Na) and a capacity of 150 mAh g−1 is proposed. The electrode reaction involves a reversible coordination reaction within the organic host and alloying reactions within the metallic Bi component. Importantly, the organic component efficiently buffers the volume changes in Bi during the alloying reaction, while the metallic Bi enhances the electronic conductivity of the organic material. As a result, this composite anode shows high cycle stability and rate performance, even under high mass loadings ranging from 10 to 50 mg cm−2. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the Na-ion full cell, consisting of the composite anode and the Na3V2O2(PO4)2F cathode, exhibits minimal capacity degradation over 100 cycles while maintaining a high areal capacity of 1.1 mA cm−2. 相似文献