大麻种质资源中大麻素化学型及基因型鉴定与评价

大麻素(cannabinoids)是大麻植物中特有的次生代谢产物,主要成分为四氢大麻酚(THC,tetrahydrocannabinol)和大麻二酚(CBD,cannabidiol)。本研究通过对我国不同来源地的23份大麻种质资源共69个单株材料中THC和CBD含量特征及其合成关键酶基因多态性进行分析,鉴定了我国大麻种质资源的大麻素化学型及基因型。结果显示,69个单株中大麻素含量差异显著,THC含量均值为0.56%,范围为0.01%~2.45%;CBD含量均值为0.53%,范围为0~2.24%;根据CBD/THC含量比值,大麻资源可划分为毒品型(占44.93%)、中间型(占20.29%)和纤维型(占34.78%)3种大麻素化学型,毒品型、中间型中分别有93.5%和71.4%的植株中THC含量0.3%,纤维型植株中THC含量≤0.08%。3种化学型遗传位点(共显性位点B)的基因型分别为BT/BT、BT/BD和BD/BD;BT等位基因(THCAS)存在10个变异位点,氨基酸序列有4处变异,BD等位基因(CBDAS)存在4个变异位点,均为同义突变。根据THCAS和CBDAS基因多态性,设计了一个共显性复合PCR分子标记,可准确鉴定出大麻3种化学型。研究结果揭示了我国大麻种质资源中大麻素含量、化学型和基因型三者之间的关系,可为大麻素遗传研究与利用提供理论依据。     

东北薄荷的化学型

东北薄荷的化学型桂新,周自新（安徽中医学院中药系合肥２３００３８）（南京市卫生防疫站南京２１０００３）周荣汉（中国药科大学植物化学分类研究室南京２１００３８）ＣｈｅｍｏｔｙｐｅｓｏｆＭｅｎｔｈａｓａｃｈａｌｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＫｕｄｏ￥Ｃｈｏｕ－Ｘｉｎ（Ａ...     

Genetic control of geranial formation inPerilla frutescens

A novel chemotype (C type) having a lemon-like odor segregated out in the F₂ progeny of a cross between PK and PL chemotypes ofPerilla frutescens. Chemical analysis of C-type plants revealed that geranial was the major component of essential oils in the leaves. Genetic analysis suggested that geranial is accumulated by individuals homozygous for two pairs of recessive, polymeric genes,fr ₁ andfr ₂, which are incapable of converting geranial into perillene.     

Variability in Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Mentha pulegium L. Essential Oil,Cultivated under Different Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria

The aim of present work was to study the essential oil chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of cultivated Mentha pulegium L. under different plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bradyrhizobium sp. and Sinorhizobium meliloti) individually and in consortium. Yield, in plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. and S. meliloti in consortium, increase significantly relative to control plants. GC and GC/MS analyses pointed to a qualitative and quantitative variability of components. The investigated essential oils were clustered into three chemotypes: piperitenone/1,8-cineol (40.9/29.4 %) chemotype in plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. individually, S. meliloti individually, and Bradyrhizobium sp. and S. meliloti in consortium, piperitone/menthone (41.8/33.8 %) chemotype in plants inoculated with P. fluorescens individually, P. fluorescens and Bradyrhizobium sp. in consortium, and P. fluorescens and S. meliloti in consortium and pulegone/menthol (47.9/31.5 %) chemotype in control plants. The antimicrobial activity, carried out by the disc diffusion method and the determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against ten microorganisms, varied significantly according to the tested microorganism and the rhizobacterial species used individually or in consortium (inhibition zone: 8.5–33.5 mm; MIC: 0.25–2.5 μL/mL). Our findings provided useful indications to select interesting chemotype within M. pulegium, especially in perspective of its cultivation.