Oral health of the Paleoamericans of Lagoa Santa,central Brazil

The peopling, origins, and early prehistory of the Americas are topics of intense debate. However, few studies have used human remains to document and interpret patterns of health and lifestyle of Paleoamericans. This study provides the first investigation to characterize oral health in a series of early Holocene skeletal remains from Lagoa Santa, Brazil, a locality containing the remains of some of the earliest inhabitants of South America (10,000–7,000 BP). The sample is composed of 949 teeth and 1925 alveoli from an estimated 113 individuals excavated from 17 archaeological sites located in the State of Minas Gerais. We compare dental caries and abscess prevalence at Lagoa Santa to a large sample of human skeletons from the Western Hemisphere Project (WHP) database using both individual and tooth/alveolus count methods. In addition, antemortem tooth loss and tooth wear were analyzed in Lagoa Santa by sex and age. The results show that Lagoa Santa dental caries and abscess prevalence are significantly higher than observed among other hunter–gatherers included in the WHP database, except when abscess prevalence is considered by individual count. Adult females have less tooth wear coupled with higher prevalence of dental caries and antemortem tooth loss than adult males. These results point to an unexpected record of poor oral health at Lagoa Santa, especially among females. A diet based on a highly cariogenic combination of wild tubers and fruits is suggested as an explanation for the elevated rate, characterizing an early adaptation to a tropical environment in South America. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:11–26, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

低龄婴幼儿龋相关致龋微生物研究进展

低龄婴幼儿龋（Earlychildhoodcaries,ECC）发生、发展是由多种因素共同作用,多种微生物共同参与的复杂过程。因此、了解儿童口腔内致龋微生物的种类及其与龋病的相关关系,对预防和治疗儿童龋病有着重要意义。本研究就ECC相关致龋菌及菌斑生物膜研究进展作一综述。     

甘肃临潭磨沟墓地人骨的牙齿健康状况

本文通过甘肃临潭磨沟齐家文化墓地出土的262例人骨标本的牙病情况尤其是龋病、牙周病、根尖周病以及牙结石情况的统计与分析,得知磨沟墓地古代居民牙齿疾病的基本情况:1)牙病的罹患率性别差异显著,女性龋病和根尖周病的罹患率高于男性,而在牙周病和牙结石的出现率上则是男性高于女性;2)牙病的罹患率随着年龄增长而增高;3)龋病、牙周病及根尖周病多发于臼齿,牙结石多发于门齿;4)重度磨耗牙齿多发牙周病及根尖周病;5)牙病罹患率不仅受到性别、年龄、牙位以及齿冠磨耗程度的影响,而且与磨沟组古代居民农业种植食物和采集食物并重的食物结构有关。     

Activity assessment of root caries lesions with thermal and near‐IR imaging methods

The purpose of this study was to evaluate thermal and near‐infrared (NIR) reflectance imaging methods for the assessment of the activity of root caries lesions. In addition, changes in the lesion structure were monitored with polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS‐OCT). Artificial bovine and natural root caries lesions were imaged with PS‐OCT, and their dehydration rate was measured with thermal and NIR cameras. The lesion activity of the natural root caries samples was also assessed by two clinicians by conventional means according to ICDAS II guidelines. The thickness of the highly mineralized transparent surface layer measured using PS‐OCT increased and the area enclosed by the time‐temperature curve, ΔQ, measured with thermal imaging decreased significantly with longer periods of remineralization in simulated dentin lesions, but the NIR reflectance intensity differences, ΔI, failed to show any significant relationship with the degree of remineralization. The PS‐OCT algorithm for the automated assessment of remineralization successfully detected the highly mineralized surface layer on both natural and simulated lesions. Thermal imaging provided the most accurate diagnosis of root caries lesion activity. These results demonstrate that thermal imaging and PS‐OCT may be ideally suited for the nondestructive root caries lesion activity during a clinical examination.

     

人牙根龋发生中有机质破坏的酶学研究

目的 :了解牙根部有机质破坏的机制。方法 :将健康恒牙根颈 1/ 3牙体硬组织 ,磨制成 38.5～149m组织粉粒作样本 ,乳酸 (p H 4.0和 p H5 .5 )及醋酸 (p H 4.5和 p H5 .5 )溶液预处理后 ,测定钙、总蛋白和胶原含量 ;再经胰酶、胶原酶处理后分析释出的胶原量。结果 :乳酸和醋酸预处理不能降解人牙根部的胶原 ,但采用 p H4.0的乳酸处理牙齿后可以使酶对牙本质胶原的降解量明显增高 ,达 (4 4.0 5± 4.5 0 ) μl/ mg;随 p H升高 ,胰酶和胶原酶对根部牙体组织胶原的降解量明显下降 ,脱矿程度减弱 ,钙释出减少。结论 :酸和酶有协同降解胶原的作用。     

放免法用于检测基因工程防龋疫苗抗体的研究

用国产^125I同位素,以氯胺T氧化法,标记变链菌GTF抗原,其放射碘利率率＞40％,放化纯度＞95％,所得标记物置－20℃120d或4℃60d仍可使用。采用放免疫法检测基因工程防龋疫苗免疫的家兔、鸡血清抗GTF抗体和卵黄抗GTF抗体,结果提示,该法是一种特异性强,灵敏度高,重复性和稳定性好的检测方法。     

桂林甑皮岩新石器时代遗址居民的龋病

作者对新石器时代早期的桂林甑皮岩遗址出土的16例龋病作了观察。这批遗存的人骨材料的患龋率为93.75％,龋均为6.07。该遗址居民患龋病的普遍性及严重性远大于同时代的居民及现代居民。