黄芩苷通过增强抗氧化和抑制细胞凋亡减轻哮喘小鼠雄性生殖损伤

生殖健康是人口与健康领域的重要议题。作为全球最常见的呼吸道疾病哮喘会影响男性生殖功能,但相关机制鲜有报道。本文研究了黄酮类化合物黄芩苷(baicalin,BA)对哮喘小鼠睾丸损伤的干预作用及相关机制。选择雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为对照组(CK组)、卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)致敏的哮喘组(OVA组)和黄芩苷干预哮喘组(OVA+BA组)。结果发现,3组小鼠体重无明显差异。OVA组小鼠睾丸系数和精子数量显著降低(P < 0.05),精子畸形率显著增加(P < 0.05);黄芩苷干预组小鼠睾丸系数显著增加(P < 0.05),精子畸形率显著降低(P < 0.05)。HE染色观察到OVA组小鼠睾丸组织生精小管结构损伤,精子发生异常,生精细胞减少,Johnson得分显著降低;BA干预组生精小管直径及生精上皮细胞高度显著增加,生精小管基膜结构较完整,Johnson得分显著提高(P < 0.05);试剂盒法检测氧化还原指标发现,OVA组睾丸组织过氧化氢(H₂O₂)和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加(P < 0.05),总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著降低(P < 0.05);OVA+BA组睾丸组织H₂O₂和MDA含量显著降低(P < 0.05),T-SOD活性显著增加(P < 0.05);实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测发现,OVA组睾丸组织中促凋亡基因p53、Casp-3转录上调,抗凋亡基因Bcl2转录显著下调,胱天蛋白酶3(caspase-3)活性显著增加(P < 0.05);OVA+BA组p53和Casp-3转录下调,Bcl2转录上调,胱天蛋白酶3活性显著降低(P < 0.05)。结果表明,哮喘小鼠睾丸组织发生了氧化应激和结构损伤,细胞凋亡途径被激活,BA干预可有效减轻哮喘小鼠睾丸组织的氧化胁迫,抑制凋亡通路,保护睾丸组织的功能和结构。结果提示,黄芩苷能缓解哮喘小鼠的生殖毒性,该效应与机体抗氧化能力提高、细胞凋亡途径抑制有关。     

黄芩苷联合氟康唑对白念珠菌生物膜的抑制作用研究

目的：探讨中药有效成分黄芩苷（ baicalin,BA）联合氟康唑（ fluconazole,FLC）对白念珠菌（ Candida albicans,C． albicans）生物膜的抑制作用。方法通过棋盘法考察BA联合FLC对白念珠菌浮游菌与生物膜的部分抑菌浓度指数（ FI?CI）;通过时间?杀菌曲线检测两药联合对白念珠菌标准株（C．albicans SC5314）的杀菌作用;以XTT减低法和干重法检测两药联合对白念珠菌SC5314生物膜代谢及生物量的影响;采用扫描电镜（ Scanning electron microscopy,SEM）和激光共聚焦显微镜（ Confocal laser scanning microscopy,CLSM）观察两药联合对白念珠菌SC5314生物膜形态结构的影响;以水?烃法检测两药联合对白念珠菌SC5314生物膜细胞表面疏水性（ cell surface hydrophobicity,CSH）的影响;通过实时荧光定量PCR （ quan?titative real time PCR,qRT?PCR）检测两药联合对白念珠菌生物膜和CSH相关基因表达的影响。结果黄芩苷与氟康唑联用抗白念珠菌浮游菌的FICI介于0．28～0．75之间,对生物膜的FICI介于0．16～0．5之间,表现为协同作用;SEM和CLSM在生物膜结构上验证了两药的协同效果;两药联合可降低生物膜表面疏水性,以及使ALS1、ALS3、EAP1、SUN41和CSH1分别下调6％、51％、24％、13％和39％。结论黄芩苷具有协同氟康唑抗白念珠菌生物膜作用。     

一株发酵转化黄芩苷菌株的筛选及鉴定

为实现生物发酵法转化黄芩苷生产活性产物黄芩素,本研究从自然发毛的新鲜黄芩植株根部筛选发酵转化黄芩苷生成黄芩素的菌株,并进行产物分析和菌株鉴定。通过马铃薯葡萄糖培养液(PDB)富集,黄芩药粉培养液初筛,马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)平板分离后转入PDB黄芩苷培养液复筛,高效液相色谱法定性及定量分析,得到一株能够高效转化黄芩苷为黄芩素的菌株RM3,该菌在添加0. 1%黄芩苷的PDB培养液中能够将黄芩苷转化为黄芩素,未经任何优化条件下,28℃,150 rpm培养5天后摩尔转化率达到83. 87%。通过对菌落的形态、显微结构观察及ITS序列分析比对,鉴定菌株RM3为青霉菌(Penicillium sp. RM3)。该菌转化黄芩苷生成黄芩素效率高,且清洁环保,可缓解中药资源紧张,满足市场和临床需求,是一株很有前途的黄芩素生产菌。     

AgNO3逆转的黄芩组培玻璃化苗的活性成分含量及其生物活性研究

研究AgNO3对黄芩组培玻璃化苗的逆转作用,并在此基础上对逆转的黄芩组培玻璃化苗的活性成分含量及活性进行分析。结果表明,AgNO3对黄芩的玻璃化苗具有明显的逆转作用,且这种逆转作用受AgNO3浓度的影响。在AgNO3的浓度为4 mg·L^-1时,玻璃化苗的逆转率最高为88%,且逆转的黄芩苗的生长状态最好。在此基础上,对逆转1个月的黄芩玻璃化苗的活性成分含量及生物活性进行研究。逆转的黄芩玻璃化苗体内黄芩苷的含量为68.6 mg·g^-1,明显高于玻璃化苗(38.3 mg·g^-1),但低于正常的组培苗(108.2 mg·g^-1)。此外,提取物的抗氧化、抗菌和抗肿瘤实验结果显示,逆转的黄芩玻璃化组培苗明显好于玻璃化苗,但仍低于正常的组培苗。以上研究结果表明,AgNO3对黄芩组培玻璃化苗具有较好的逆转及恢复作用。     

Investigating the preventive effects of baicalin and gallocatechin against glyoxal-induced cystatin aggregation

Several mammalian proteins form pathological deposits under nonphysiological conditions that are associated with many degenerative diseases. Protein aggregation is associated with aging, as well as a variety of diseases, including cystic fibrosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. There is a lack of any potential anti-amyloidogenic agents and therapeutics till date. Polyphenols have been accredited with myriad biological effects. An analysis of the effects of natural agents like baicalin (BC) and gallocatechin (GC) on aggregation process can open new avenues for the treatment of protein misfolding diseases. Thus, investigation of the effects of these flavonoids on Buffalo Heart Cystatin (BHC) aggregation induced by a reactive metabolic dialdehyde, glyoxal (GO), was taken up. Results have shown that elevated concentration of GO forms aggregates of BHC, which was characterized by an increase in the ANS fluorescence intensity, an increase in ThT fluorescence intensity, red shift in Congo red absorbance, negative ellipticity peak at 217 nm in the far-UVCD and BHC aggregates displaying by TEM. Using fluorescence spectroscopic analysis with Thioflavin T, CD and electron microscopic studies, anti-aggregation effects of polyphenols, BC and GC were analyzed. The study showed that BC and GC produced concentration-dependent anti-aggregation effects with GC producing a more pronounced effect than BC. The study proposed a mechanistic approach assuming structural constraints and specific aromatic interactions of polyphenols with sheets of BHC aggregates.     

Dual effects of baicalin on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption

Osteoclasts (OC) are critical cells responsible for many bone diseases such as osteoporosis. It is of great interest to identify agents that can regulate the activity of OC to treat osteolytic bone diseases. In this study, we found that baicalin exerted a two‐way regulatory effect on OC in a concentration‐dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. In detail, baicalin at a low concentration (below 1 μmol/L) enhanced OC differentiation and bone resorption, but baicalin at a high concentration (above 2 μmol/L) exhibited inhibitory effects on OC. We demonstrated that baicalin at low concentrations enhanced the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) (ERK) signalling pathway and activated c‐Fos and NFATc1 expression, and thus enhanced gene expression, OC differentiation and bone resorption. However, baicalin at higher levels not only suppressed ERK phosphorylation and c‐fos and NFATc1 expression, but also altered the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins, and therefore inhibiting OC function. This dual effect was further verified in an LPS‐induced mouse calvarial osteolysis model, evidenced by enhanced osteolysis at a lower concentration but reduced bone loss at a higher concentration. Overall, our findings indicate that baicalin exerts dose‐dependent effects on OC formation and function. Therefore, caution should be applied when using baicalin to treating OC‐related bone diseases.