沈阳市城镇扩展时空格局及其驱动力

利用多时相TM影像,采用GIS空间分析和景观格局分析相结合的方法,对沈阳市辖区城镇扩展的时空分异特征和城镇景观格局演变进行了分析,并对其驱动力进行了探讨.结果表明:1988—2004年间,沈阳市辖区城镇面积持续增加,扩展强度逐渐增强,2000—2004年间的城镇扩展规模和强度达到最大;城镇扩展具有明显的空间分异特征,市区西南方向是城镇扩展的主方向,近郊及各级经济开发区是扩展的主要区域;城镇景观格局日趋复杂,城镇发展紧凑程度降低;城镇景观格局演变与城镇扩展特征关系密切,表现出时空分异特征;工业化发展与开发区建设、政府政策与城市规划以及交通基础设施建设是沈阳市辖区城镇扩展与城镇景观格局演变的主要驱动力.     

东台市滩涂生态系统服务价值研究

采用卫星遥感技术以及Costanza等的生态系统服务价值评价方法对江苏省东台市滩涂生态服务系统的面积和服务功能价值变化进行研究.结果表明,在1984～2003年的19年间,东台市滩涂各类生态系统的总面积从108.54 km²自然淤积增加到171.31 km²,增加了57.83%,其中自然生态系统的总面积从60.82 km²减少到21.64 km²,下降64.42%;人为生态系统的总面积从47.72 km²上升到195.23 km²,增加了309.12%.同期,各类滩涂生态系统每年提供的服务总价值上升了76.96%,其中自然生态系统的服务价值从56.26×10⁴美元减少到17.19×10⁴美元,下降69.45%;人为生态系统的服务价值从40.55×10⁴美元上升到154.13×10⁴美元,增加了280.10%.在滩涂生态系统中,自然生态系统面积逐年减少,人为生态系统面积逐年增加,说明东台市滩涂生态系统逐年退化,其自然生态系统服务功能价值的下降与生态系统的退化和面积减少有关.     

广州新垦红树林湿地鸟类多样性动态研究

2005年1月(冬季)、4月(春季)、7月(夏季)和10月(秋季),对广州市南沙区新垦红树林湿地区利用样带法进行了鸟类多样性动态研究。广州新垦红树林主要是以人工种植(海桑)为主,研究该湿地鸟类群落多样性,对于红树林生态恢复和物种多样性具有重要意义。在野外调查的基础上对广州新垦红树林鸟类多样性指数(Hˊ)进行了计算,结果表明:1月Hˊ=3.051;4月Hˊ=2.6314;7月Hˊ=2.6867和10月Hˊ=3.0382。该湿地鸟类多样性动态表明出明显的季节性。新垦红树林湿地是广州市鸟类重要的繁殖地和越冬地。     

深圳塘朗山郊野公园的植物资源

广东深圳塘朗山郊野公园共有野生维管植物144科423属611种,分别占广东省维管植物280科1589属5737种的51.4%、26.7%和10.65%;其中蕨类省植物21科29属33种,裸子植物3科3属4种,被子植物120科391属574种,被子植物占绝对优势。国家重点保护野生植物共计7科7属7种,占广东省国家重点保护野生植物的10.9%;珍稀濒危植物有4科5属5种,占广东省珍稀濒危植物67种的7%。公园中经济植物可分为12类,分别是药用植物321种,用材树种65种,观赏植物60种,纤维植物41种,野生水果33种,油脂植物38种,饲料植物42种,鞣料植物42种,野菜植物25种,农药植物27种,芳香植物26种,淀粉植物23种,保健植物19种,染料植物13种,有毒植物10种,蜜源植物5种。     

Resource exploitation of larvae ofGastrophysa atrocyanea Motschulsky andgalerucella vittaticollis Baly (Coleoptera: Chrisomelidae) under a limited resource condition

Resource exploitation by and intraspecific competition in larvae of Gastrophysa atrocyanea and Galerucella vittaticollis were investigated in field and laboratory experiments. Larvae of both species frequently suffered from food shortages in the field. When G. atrocyanea larvae suffered from a food shortage, severe intraspecific competition occurred because of lack of predation and parasitism. This exploitive competition was caused by a local food shortage of the host plant. Individuals survived by fast exploitation when food became abundant (contest type competition). the G. atrocyanea larvae were wasteful of the food resource, and no mechanism by which to economize on the utilization of the resource was acquired because of their exploitation of the abundant resource. In contrast, the G. vittaticollis population probably is regulated by extrinsic factors such as predation and parasitism. Those larvae grew into smaller adults than those of G. atrocyanea under a food shortage, so that their wasted food consumption was lower than that of G. atrocyanea. Although intraspecific competition was similar to that for G. atrocyanea, it was not as severe. The food for G. vittaticollis was apt to be appropriated by other wasteful exploitators such as G. atrocyanea, which was superior in resource exploitation; therefore G. vittaticollis frequently suffered a food shortage. Consequently selection in relation to tolerance to starvation became more acute for G. vittaticollis than for G. atrocyanea, and individuals of G. vittaticollis that could endure starvation better may have been selected.     

"台湾甜桃"引种试验及主要栽培技术

1999年福建省龙岩市引进短低温型水蜜桃品种－－“台湾甜桃”示范种植，表现速生、早产、丰产、稳产、适应性强，适宜龙岩地区中低海拔的城郊地带推广种植。生产上应采取择地建园、适期配方施肥、培养树体合理结构、高效低毒农药防治病虫、适时疏果等栽培技术措施。     

Phosphatidylinositol exchange protein. Effects of membrane structure on activity and evidence for a ping-pong mechanism.

Phosphatidylinositol exchange protein, purified from bovine cerebral cortex, catalyzes the transfer of phosphatidylinositol and, to a lesser extent, phosphatidylcholine between rat liver microsomes and egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Transfer activity is sensitive to pH, temperature, and the method of liposome preparation. Variation of the phospholipid composition of the liposomes produces vesicles for which the apparent Michaelis constant decreases with increasing molar proportions of phosphatidylinositol. Interaction of exchange protein with liposomes containing radioactively labeled phosphatidylcholine allows the isolation of a phospholipid-protein complex; dissociation of this complex occurs upon subsequent interaction with unlabeled liposomes. Changes in the concentration of the two membrane species, microsomes and liposomes, yield results which are interpreted in terms of a ping-pong kinetic mechanism for the protein-catalyzed, intermembrane transfer of phospholipids.     

Amphotericin B (Fungizone®) enhancement of nitrogen mustard uptake by human tumor cells

In HT29 human colon carcinoma cells, amphotericin B at doses above 120μg/ml increased nitrogen mustard uptake, and this was due to an increase in the apparent V_max without a change in the apparent K_m. Longer incubations (24 to 48 hr) of ascites fluid human ovarian carcinoma cells or SKMES-1 human epidermoid carcinoma cells with amphotericin B 4μg/ml enhanced the uptake of nitrogen mustard to a greater degree than that observed when cells were incubated for only 30 min. Therefore, amphotericin B can enhance nitrogen mustard by human tumor cell lines and by fresh human tumor cells.     

海岸带城市生态承载力综合评价——以连云港市为例

海岸带是人类聚居和海洋资源开发利用的重点区域。海岸带城市综合生态承载力体现了海岸带生态系统对人类社会经济活动的承受能力,是判断海岸带城市生态系统健康程度和制定海岸带环境管理政策的重要依据。基于"压力(P)-状态(S)-响应(R)"概念模型,以连云港市为例,构建海岸带综合生态承载力评价指标体系,并对2005—2014年间连云港市的综合生态承载力进行评价。结果显示:连云港市海岸带综合生态承载力呈现逻辑斯蒂式波动上升趋势,2005—2007年处于超载状态,2008—2011年基本处于平衡状态,2012年后处于可载状态。对影响承载力的主要因素进行贡献度分析的结果表明:负向指标中,海岸带环境压力大于人口压力;正向指标中,海岸带经济发展水平及科技支撑条件的贡献呈上升趋势,海岸带可利用资源波动下降。结合相关分析和因子分析,得出海岸带环境压力、科技支撑条件及经济发展水平是制约综合承载力的关键因素。研究结果对海岸带地区环境管理及可持续发展政策制定具有重要意义。