胆总管内注射无水乙醇致胆道闭锁动物模型的建立

目的应用胆总管内注射无水乙醇建立SD大鼠胆道闭锁模型。方法将SD雄性大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,在实验组中经静脉留置针插入胆总管注入无水乙醇,对照组注入生理盐水。观察SD大鼠的生化及病理结果。结果在实验组中SD大鼠根据病理及生化检测分为肝功能持续恶化组和肝功能修复组,肝功能持续恶化组在8周以后生化明显高于对照组及肝功能修复组。常规HE染色及SMA、Masson染色也出现明显变化。结论胆总管无水乙醇注射诱导胆道闭锁模型是一种可靠的动物模型,此动物模型会帮助人们进一步研究胆道闭锁提供更多的研究手段。     

肝硬化小鼠肠道菌群结构及血清炎性因子的变化简

目的：观察肝硬化小鼠肠道菌群结构及血清炎性因子水平的变化。方法：通过CCL灌胃构建小鼠的肝硬化模型;采用酶联免疫吸附法检测肝硬化进程中血清内毒素及炎性因子IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α水平的变化;采集肝硬化小鼠新鲜粪便,通过荧光定量PCR实验检测肠道目的菌群的改变。结果：肝硬化小鼠肠道中拟杆菌属和梭菌属细菌显著减少,韦荣球菌属、肠杆菌属和肠球菌属细菌显著增加;随着肝硬化进程的加重,小鼠血液中内毒素及炎性因子水平显著提高。结论：肝硬化导致小鼠肠道菌群失调,促进了血液中内毒素及炎性因子水平的提高,形成恶性循环。     

New avenues to treatment of liver cirrhosis

<正>Liver cirrhosis is the pathologic end stage of multiple liver diseases.The major complications of liver cirrhosis,such as hepatic encephalopathy,spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and esophageal variceal bleeding are characterized by remarkable changes of the gut microbiota,which indicates that enteric dysbiosis might play an important role in the progression of liver cirrhosis[1,2].The human gastrointes-     

围手术期介入治疗对伽玛刀治疗肝癌肝硬化临床疗效及预后的影响

目的:探究围手术期介入治疗对伽玛刀治疗肝癌肝硬化临床疗效及预后的影响。方法:选取2013年1月～2015年1月在我院就诊的肝癌肝硬化患者共61例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(30例)和观察组(31例),对照组患者仅进行伽玛刀治疗,观察组患者进行围手术期介入治疗联合伽玛刀治疗,比较两组患者治疗后的总有效率、治疗后1年和3年的生存率以及不良反应的发生情况。结果:观察组患者治疗后总有效率为77.4%,显著高于对照组(53.3%,P0.05);观察组治疗后1年和3年生存率分别为74.2%、45.2%,均显著高于对照组(53.3%、20.0%,P0.05);两组患者治疗后均发生不同程度的不良反应,但经对症治疗均有效好转,两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:围手术期介入治疗联合伽玛刀治疗肝癌患者可以有效提高治疗的总有效率以及治疗后1年和3年的生存率,且安全性好。     

Characteristic glycopeptides associated with extreme human longevity identified through plasma glycoproteomics

Background

Glycosylation is highly susceptible to changes of the physiological conditions, and accordingly, is a potential biomarker associated with several diseases and/or longevity. Semi-supercentenarians (SSCs; older than 105?years) are thought to be a model of human longevity. Thus, we performed glycoproteomics using plasma samples of SSCs, and identified proteins and conjugated N-glycans that are characteristic of extreme human longevity.

Cholemic nephropathy – Historical notes and novel perspectives

Acute kidney injury is common in patients with liver disease and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Besides bacterial infections, fluid loss, and use of nephrotoxic drugs AKI in liver disease may be triggered by tubular toxicity of cholephiles. Cholemic nephropathy, also known as bile cast nephropathy, supposedly represents a widely underestimated but important cause of renal dysfunction in cholestasic or advanced liver diseases with jaundice. Cholemic nephropathy describes impaired renal function along with characteristic histomorphological changes consisting of intratubular cast formation and tubular epithelial cell injury directed towards distal nephron segments. The underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are not entirely understood and clear defined diagnostic criteria are still missing.This review aims to summarize (i) the present knowledge on clinical and morphological characteristics of cholemic nephropathy, (ii) available preclinical models, (iii) potential pathomechanisms especially the potential role of bile acids, and (iv) future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cholemic nephropathy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cholangiocytes in Health and Disease edited by Jesus Banales, Marco Marzioni, Nicholas LaRusso and Peter Jansen.     

Lipid peroxidation assessed by serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in healthy subjects and in patients with pathologies known to affect trace element status

Serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), Zn, Cu, and Se concentrations were determined in 47 healthy adults and in patients with diseases, such as renal in sufficiency, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis, or cancer, in order to clarify the relationship between this indicator of lipid peroxidation and antioxidative trace element status. TBARS levels were higher than control values in all pathological cases, except in cancer patients. Cu levels in patients highly correlated with ferroxidase ceruloplasmin activity (r=0.86), but were only statistically different from controls in diabetics. Zn levels were lower than normal in dialysis, liver cirrhosis, and cancer patients. Se levels were significantly decreased in all pathological cases. Half of the subjects with liver cirrhosis or renal insufficiency and 3/4 of chronic pancreatitis or cancer patients had an active inflammatory process. Despite intense modifications in determined indicators, no clear correlation could be demonstrated between the different parameters. Basic antioxidative trace element status and inflammation are therefore not major determinants of TBARS levels in normal and in pathological conditions, despite of the frequent association of low serum Zn and mainly low serum Se with high TBARS levels.     

Molecular basis of pathophysiology of Indian childhood cirrhosis: Role of nuclear copper accumulation in liver

Indian Childhood Cirrhosis (ICC) is a disease of abnormal copper metabolism commonly characterized by swelling and degeneration of liver cells along with the presence of orcein staining deposits of copper. Hepatic copper content of ICC patients was about 43 fold higher than those of control subjects. The data on sub-cellular distribution of copper revealed massive accumulation of Copper (73%) of total cell copper) in the nuclear fraction (455 g Cu/g tissue nuclei). On further distribution of copper in nuclear fraction, the enrichment of copper in heterochromatin and euchromatin of ICC nuclei was found to be 48 and 15 fold higher over control fractions respectively. The ultra-violet spectra of heterochromatin and euchromatin isolated from ICC nuclear fraction showed a broad absorption maxima as compared to controls. Further, A260/A280 ratio was markedly lower in heterochromatin and euchromatin of ICC liver in comparison to controls. An antioxidant enzyme, catalase activity was also significantly reduced in ICC liver as compared to control. Further, DNA fragmentation studies indicated that there was significantly increased DNA fragmentation in ICC liver. Collectively, these findings suggest that massive accumulation of copper in nucleus and decrease in catalase activity was associated with DNA fragmentation in hepatocyte of ICC disease.Abbreviations ICC Indian Childhood Cirrhosis     

复方氨基酸对肝硬化患者肝功能及AFP、CA199和CEA水平的影响

目的:探讨复方氨基酸对肝硬化患者肝功能以及甲胎蛋白(Alpha fetal protein,AFP)、糖类抗原19-9(Carbohydrate antigen19-9,CA199)、癌胚抗原(Cancer embryo antigen,CEA)水平影响。方法:选取我院消化科收治的肝硬化患者98例,根据治疗方法的不同分为两组。对照组予以常规保肝治疗,实验组在对照组的基础上予以复方氨基酸注射液治疗。比较两组患者治疗1周及2周后的肝功能以及AFP、CA199及CEA水平的变化情况。结果:与对照组比较,实验组的临床疗效较高(87.04%Vs 72.22%),(P0.05)。与对照组比较,治疗一周后实验组ALT水平较低(195.37±13.42 U/L Vs 154.72±13.44 U/L)、AST水平较低(323.41±21.33 U/L Vs 233.55±21.63 U/L),TB水平较低(125.36±4.26 U/L Vs 108.16±6.45 U/L)(P0.05),治疗两周后,实验组ALT水平较低(124.28±15.84 U/L Vs 78.53±12.55U/L)、AST水平较低(147.15±13.56 U/L Vs 83.42±20.88 U/L),TB水平较低(92.82±9.64 U/L Vs 56.32±7.43)(P0.05)。结论:复方氨基酸能够影响肝硬化患者肝功能,改善患者的临床症状,提高临床疗效。