全文获取类型
收费全文 | 12079篇 |
免费 | 444篇 |
国内免费 | 875篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 85篇 |
2022年 | 104篇 |
2021年 | 173篇 |
2020年 | 160篇 |
2019年 | 242篇 |
2018年 | 212篇 |
2017年 | 185篇 |
2016年 | 191篇 |
2015年 | 290篇 |
2014年 | 398篇 |
2013年 | 598篇 |
2012年 | 377篇 |
2011年 | 480篇 |
2010年 | 336篇 |
2009年 | 485篇 |
2008年 | 559篇 |
2007年 | 614篇 |
2006年 | 688篇 |
2005年 | 579篇 |
2004年 | 507篇 |
2003年 | 503篇 |
2002年 | 433篇 |
2001年 | 419篇 |
2000年 | 406篇 |
1999年 | 362篇 |
1998年 | 403篇 |
1997年 | 310篇 |
1996年 | 275篇 |
1995年 | 282篇 |
1994年 | 282篇 |
1993年 | 300篇 |
1992年 | 248篇 |
1991年 | 218篇 |
1990年 | 238篇 |
1989年 | 186篇 |
1988年 | 152篇 |
1987年 | 136篇 |
1986年 | 133篇 |
1985年 | 174篇 |
1984年 | 165篇 |
1983年 | 63篇 |
1982年 | 93篇 |
1981年 | 69篇 |
1980年 | 67篇 |
1979年 | 41篇 |
1978年 | 27篇 |
1977年 | 32篇 |
1976年 | 22篇 |
1974年 | 19篇 |
1973年 | 20篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Meloidogyne mayaguensis n. sp. is described and illustrated from specimens obtained from galled roots of eggplant, Solanum melongena L., from Puerto Rico. The perineal pattern of females is round to ovoid with fine, widely spaced striae. It has occasional breaks of striation laterally and a circular tail tip area lacking striae. The stylet, 15.8 μm long, has reniform knobs that merge gradually with the stylet shaft. Males have a high, rectangular, smooth head region, not set off from the body contour. The labial disc is continuous with the medial lips which do not slope posteriorly. The styler, 22.9 μm long, has large rounded backward sloping knobs; the shaft is of uneven diameter. Mean body length of second-stage juveniles is 453.6 μm. The truncate head region is not annulated, and the rounded, slightly raised labial disc and the crescentic medial lips form dumbbell-shaped lip structures. The stylet, 11.6 μm long, has rounded, posteriorly sloping knobs. The slender tail, 54.4 μm long, gradually tapers to a bluntly pointed tip. Tomato, tobacco, pepper, and watermelon are good hosts; cotton and peanut are not hosts. M. mayaguensis n. sp. reproduces by mitotic parthenogenesis and has a somatic chromosome number of 2n = 44-45. The enzyme patterns are unique among Meloidogyne species. 相似文献
72.
Neutral Amino Acid Transport in Astrocytes: Characterization of Na+ -Dependent and Na+ -Independent Components of α-Aminoisobutyric Acid Uptake 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
N. Brookes 《Journal of neurochemistry》1988,51(6):1913-1918
Neutral amino acid transport is largely unexplored in astrocytes, although a role for these cells in blood-brain barrier function is suggested by their close apposition to cerebrovascular endothelium. This study examined the uptake into mouse astrocyte cultures of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), a synthetic model substrate for Na+-dependent system A transport. Na+-dependent uptake of AIB was characteristic of system A in its pH sensitivity, kinetic properties, regulatory control, and pattern of analog inhibition. The rate of system A transport declined markedly with increasing age of the astrocyte cultures. There was an unexpectedly active Na+-independent component of AIB uptake that declined less markedly than system A transport as culture age increased. Although the saturability of the Na+-independent component and its pattern of analog inhibition were consistent with system L transport, the following properties deviated: (1) virtually complete inhibition of Na+-independent AIB uptake by characteristic L system substrates, suggesting unusually high affinity of the transporter; (2) apparent absence of trans-stimulation of AIB influx; (3) unusually concentrative uptake at steady state (the estimated distribution ratio for 0.2 mM AIB was 55); and (4) susceptibility to inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide. Direct study of the uptake of system L substrates in astrocytes is needed to confirm the present indications of high affinity and concentrative Na+-independent transport. 相似文献
73.
Summary
Lathyrus sylvestris is a pioneer legume often found in disturbed habitats. Mainly reproduced through vegetative propagation, this clonal species presents a system of ramets that remain connected for several years. The existence of carbon transfer among ramets within a clone has been studied using 14C in situ. Assimilate translocation from primary to secondary ramets was observed in all clones when the primary ramet was exposed to 14CO2. The amount of transfer ranged from trace up to 90% of the total 14C incorporated. However, in only half of the clones there was consistent enrichment of the secondary ramet (5 to 89%) suggesting that interramets transfer of carbon may be facultative. Furthermore, when significant export occurred from the primary ramet, it was always principally towards only one ramet even when the clone included more than one. The transfer of 14C from secondary to primary ramets was shown to be significant only when photosynthesis of the latter was decreased by shading. In this case import of carbon was never more than 60% of the incorporated 14C.No correlation was found between age or size of the ramets and the intensity of transfer. The shading effect let suppose that transfers are mainly driven by carbon limitation due to changing environmental conditions and not to the state of ramet maturity. The adaptative advantage of such facultative physiological integration between ramets of a clone is discussed. 相似文献
74.
Plasmalemma-rich microsomal vesicles were prepared from whole leaf and acid-washed epidermal tissue of Vicia faba L. cv. Osnabrücker Markt by aqueous two-phase partitioning in dextran T-500 and polyethylenglycol 1350 aqueous phases. These vesicles were tightly sealed and predominantly right-side out, and contained a K+ -stimulated, mg2+-dependent and vanadate-sensitive ATPase. The enzyme from both tissues exhibited nearly identical properties: pH optimum 6.4, Km for ATP 0.60 mM(whole leaf) and 0.67 mM (epidermis). Vmax -480 nmol (mg protein)1 min1 (whole leaf) and 510 nmol (mg protein)1 min1 (epidermis), I50 (Na3,VO4) 7.5 μM (whole leaf) and 15 μM (epidermis). The enzyme was not inhibited by NO3(50 mM)or sodium azide (I mM). DCCD (20 μM) reduced enzyme activity to 50% (whole leaf) and 58% (epidermis), gramicidin S (20 μM) to 36% (whole leaf) and 41%(epidermis). Ca2+ inhibited the ATPase [I50, C2+: 0.5 mM(whole leaf) and 0.8 mM(epidermis)]. Ca2+ inhibited the ATPase [I50, C2+ 0.5 mM(whole leaf) und 0.8 (epidermis)]. The vanadate-sensitive ATPase from whole leaf and epidermal tissue was slightly but significantly stimulated by fusicoccin (FC) at a concentration (0.13 μM) promoting stomatal opening. The stimulation was not seen in the solubilized ATPase. Stomata of the cultivar used here were insensitive lo (±)ABA up to 2 μM level which is effective in most other cultivars and species. Likewise, at this concentration no effect of ABA on the activity of the epidermal ATPase was observed. The data are discussed with respect to the interaction of FC and ABA with the ATPase. 相似文献
75.
The low gas permeability of a diffusion barrier in the cortex of soybean nodules plays a significant role in the protection
of nitrogenase from oxygen inactivation. It may also set an upper limit on nodule respiration and nitrogen fixation rates.
Two methods which have been used to quantify the gas permeability of leguminous nodules are reviewed and found to be unreliable.
A new assay technique for determining both the nodule activity and gas permeability is developed and tested. This ‘lag-phase’
assay is based on the time nodules require to reach steady-state ethylene production after being exposed to acetylene. The
technique is rapid, insensitive to errors in biochemical parameters associated with nitrogenase, and is non-destructive. The
method was tested with intact aeroponically grown soybean plants for which the mean nodule gas permeability was found to be
13.3×10−3 mms−1. This corresponds to a layer of cells approximately 35 um thick and is consistent with previously reported values. 相似文献
76.
Before starting a breeding program aimed at improving the nitrogen nutrition ofVicia faba, the authors tried an alternative technique to the acetylene reduction assay, to measure some genetic variability in the
plant material. The quantity of dinitrogen fixed by several cultivars ofVicia faba was estimated using a low enrichment15N tracer method and high precision15N mass spectrometry. The fababeans were cultivated for two years in two different soils.
The percentage of fixed dinitrogen in the seed varied between genotypes from 40 to 83% of the total nitrogen and was positively
correlated with the total seed nitrogen (r=0.64 to 0.86). A highly significant positive correlation was also found between
the total seed nitrogen and the quantity of fixed dinitrogen in the seed (r=0.95 to 0.99).
The technique used to measure dinitrogen fixation proved to be useful and reliable enough to discriminate between various
genotypes, grown over a period of two years in two different soils. However, several non-fixing control plants showed significant
differences in their15N enrichment and the problem of choosing a good reference plant was raised and discussed. 相似文献
77.
Rice cultivar evaluation for phosphorus use efficiency 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11
Phosphorus deficiency is one of the most growth-limiting factors in acid soils in various parts of the world. The objective of this study was to screen 25 rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) at low, medium, and high levels of soil P. Number of tillers, root length, plant height, root dry weight and shoot dry weight were related to tissue P concentrations, P uptake and P-use efficiency. Shoot weight was found to be the plant parameter most sensitive to P deficiency. Significant cultivar differences in P use efficiency were found. Phosphorus use efficiency was higher in roots than shoots and decreased with increasing levels of soil P. Positive correlations were found among growth parameters such as plant height, tillers, root and shoot weight, and P content of roots and shoots. These results indicate selection of rice cultivars for satisfactory performance under low P availability can be carried out using shoot and root dry weight as criteria. 相似文献
78.
The effect of soil salinity and soil moisture on the growth and yield of maxipak wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in a lath-house experiment in whih, chloride-sulphate salt mixtures were used to artificially salinize a sandy loam soil from Al-Jadyriah Baghdad. Five soil salinity levels of ECe's equal to 1.7 (Control) 4.2, 5.8, 8.1, 9.4 and 11.0dSm–1 were prepared and used at 3 levels of available soil moisture depletion, namely, 25, 50, and 75% as determined by weight. Both growth (vegetative) and yield components were studied throughout the growing season.Results showed that increasing the soil salinity from 1.7 to 11.0 dSm–1, and decreasing the available soil water from 75 to 25% resulted in independent and significant decreases in Mazipak wheat growth and yield components at different stages of plant development. Root growth showed more sensitivity to both available soil water and soil salinity level than other components. It has been concluded that at soil salinity levels of more than 8.0 dSm–1, available soil water became a limiting factor on wheat growth and the maintenance of 75% of available soil water during the growth period is recommended to obtain satisfactory grain yield. 相似文献
79.
The fate of sheep urine-N applied to an upland grass sward at four dates representing widely differing environmental conditions,
was followed in soil (0–20 cm) and in herbage. Urine was poured onto 1-m2 plots to simulate a single urination in August 1984 (warm and dry), May (cool), July and August 1985 (cool and wet) at rates
equivalent to 40–52 g N m−2.
The transformation of urine-N (61–69% urea-N) in soil over a 6–7 week period followed the same general pattern when applied
at different times during the season; rapid hydrolysis of urea, the appearance of large amounts of urine-N as ammonium in
soil extracts, and the appearance of nitrate about 14 days after application. The magnitude of “apparent” nitrification however
differed markedly with environmental conditions, being greatest in May 1985 when a maximum of 76% of the inorganic soil N
was in the form of nitrate. At all other application dates nitrate levels were relatively low. With the August 1984 application
soil inorganic N returned to control levels (given water only) after 31 days but considerable amounts remained in soil for
60–90 days with the other applications.
Weekly cuts to 3-cm indicated that increases in herbage dry matter and N yields in response to urine application were greatest
in absolute terms after the May 1985 application and continued for at least 70 days with all applications. Relative to control
plots the May application resulted in a 3-fold increase in herbage DM compared with corresponding values of 6-, 5-, and 7-fold
increases with the August 1984, July and August 1985 applications. Recovery of urine-N in herbage was poor averaging only
17% of that applied at different dates, while recovery in soil extracts was incomplete. The exact routes of loss (volatilisation,
leaching, denitrification or immobilisation) were not quantified but it is evident that substantial amounts of urine-N can
be lost from the soil-plant system under upland conditions. 相似文献
80.
Modifications to the photosynthetic apparatus of higher plants in response to changes in the light environment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
NEIL R. BAKER MARC McKIERNAN 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1988,34(3):193-203
A brief review of the photosynthetic apparatus of higher plants is given, followed by a consideration of the modifications induced in this apparatus by changes in light intensity and light quality. Possible strategies by which plants may optimize photosynthetic activity by both long- and short-term modifications of their photosynthetic apparatus in response to changing light regimes are discussed. 相似文献