Zum 70. Geburtstag Von Professor Dr. Habil. Theo Wetzel

Information on the structure of the population of Phomopsis species in Ukraine, that describes the structure of Phomopsis spp. cultivated on medium: the morfological characteristics, properties of pathogenicity and phytotoxicity. It is described the method of evaluation and selection of unsusceptible forms of sunflower to phomopsis. It includes the optimal infection level, the forms of an inoculum that is effective and optimal way for artificial infection.     

辽宁省菜田生态系统组分优势值与系统优势度分析

辽宁省菜田生态系统组分优势值与系统优势度分析周宝利，葛晓光李宁义（沈阳农业大学园艺系，１１０１６１）（沈阳市城建中专，１１００１３）ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎＳｕｐｅｒｉｏｒｉｔｙＶａｌｕｅａｎｄＤｏｍｉｎａｎｃｅＤｅｇｒｅｅｏｆＶａｒｉｏｕｓＣｏｍｐｏｎ...     

A hybrid behavioural rule of adaptation and drift explains the emergent architecture of antagonistic networks

Ecological processes that can realistically account for network architectures are central to our understanding of how species assemble and function in ecosystems. Consumer species are constantly selecting and adjusting which resource species are to be exploited in an antagonistic network. Here we incorporate a hybrid behavioural rule of adaptive interaction switching and random drift into a bipartite network model. Predictions are insensitive to the model parameters and the initial network structures, and agree extremely well with the observed levels of modularity, nestedness and node-degree distributions for 61 real networks. Evolutionary and community assemblage histories only indirectly affect network structure by defining the size and complexity of ecological networks, whereas adaptive interaction switching and random drift carve out the details of network architecture at the faster ecological time scale. The hybrid behavioural rule of both adaptation and drift could well be the key processes for structure emergence in real ecological networks.     

Bifunctional glycosyltransferases catalyze both extension and termination of pectic galactan oligosaccharides

Pectins are the most complex polysaccharides of the plant cell wall. Based on the number of methylations, acetylations and glycosidic linkages present in their structures, it is estimated that up to 67 transferase activities are involved in pectin biosynthesis. Pectic galactans constitute a major part of pectin in the form of side‐chains of rhamnogalacturonan‐I. In Arabidopsis, galactan synthase 1 (GALS1) catalyzes the addition of galactose units from UDP‐Gal to growing β‐1,4‐galactan chains. However, the mechanisms for obtaining varying degrees of polymerization remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that AtGALS1 is bifunctional, catalyzing both the transfer of galactose from UDP‐α‐d ‐Gal and the transfer of an arabinopyranose from UDP‐β‐l ‐Ara_p to galactan chains. The two substrates share a similar structure, but UDP‐α‐d ‐Gal is the preferred substrate, with a 10‐fold higher affinity. Transfer of Ara_p to galactan prevents further addition of galactose residues, resulting in a lower degree of polymerization. We show that this dual activity occurs both in vitro and in vivo. The herein described bifunctionality of AtGALS1 may suggest that plants can produce the incredible structural diversity of polysaccharides without a dedicated glycosyltransferase for each glycosidic linkage.     

Effect of nano-silver hydrogel coating film on deep partial thickness scald model of rabbit

Objective

Observing the effect of nano-silver hydrogel coating film on deep partial thickness scald model of rabbit.

小麦禾谷缢管蚜峰期蚜量发生程度的影响因素分析

16年观测资料表明,影响禾谷缢管蚜峰期蚜量发生程度的因素有：冬前蚜量基数,年前11月份平均相对湿度,蚜峰期前一个月月平均温度、月总日照时数和月温湿系数。运用模糊综合评判法检验其发生程度,历史符合率达93.8％。1996年试报正确。     

Euschistus conspersus female morphology and attraction to methyl (2E,4Z)-decadienoate pheromone–baited traps in processing tomatoes

Previous work documented seasonal field response dynamics of Euschistus conspersus Uhler (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) to Euschistus spp. pheromone [methyl (2E,4Z)‐decadienoate]‐baited traps in California processing tomatoes, Lycopersicon esculentum (Miller) (Solanaceae). A laboratory phenology model has been reported for E. conspersus egg incubation to adult emergence. In the present work, reproductive and thoracic dissections were performed on female E. conspersus collected year‐round from seasonal habitats in California's Central Valley. We used these dissection data to establish relationships between the morphology of E. conspersus and time of year, habitat, sample recovery method, and female attraction to pheromone traps in commercial tomato fields. All ovariole categories, sexually immature through postreproductive, were recorded for females collected from tomatoes by plant‐beating sample throughout the growing season. Conversely, pheromone trap captures in tomatoes over the same period revealed that females entering the traps were exclusively reproductively active with matured eggs. We conclude that early season female‐biased E. conspersus pheromone trap catch can be used to establish a ‘biofix’ from which to accumulate degree days and forecast nymphal development in the field. Focusing control efforts on the more susceptible nymph stages may improve efficacy of reduced‐risk insecticides such as the neonicotinoids. Thoracic dissection results, with no significant difference in flight muscle size or color by ovariole condition, failed to support our hypothesis of a life history trade‐off between female reproductive activity and flight capability to explain a decline in female pheromone trap response during the mid‐summer tomato‐fruiting stages. The adaptive value of the observed retention of E. conspersus flight capability over the calendar year, and across reproductive stages, is discussed.