不同老化程度的不结球白菜种子活力指标变化及其相关分析

以不结球白菜品种‘高梗白’种子为材料,采用高温(42℃)高湿(相对湿度100%)人工加速老化处理,研究不同老化程度下种子活力指标的变化及其相关性。结果显示:(1)发芽指标(除不正常苗率)和出苗指标均随种子老化程度的加深而显著下降,不正常苗率显著上升。(2)随老化程度的加深,种子中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著下降;种子的超氧阴离子(O2.-)产生速率先增高后降低,过氧化氢(H2O2)含量逐渐增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量下降,种子浸出液相对电导率升高;种子的可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量和脱氢酶活性下降,α-淀粉酶活性先升高后降低。(3)老化种子的发芽势、发芽率、SOD活性、H2O2含量、相对电导率和可溶性糖含量与出苗指标间均存在极显著相关性。研究表明,不结球白菜种子的发芽势、发芽率、SOD活性、H2O2含量和可溶性糖含量随老化程度加深的变化规律一致,且指标间以及与出苗指标均有极显著相关性,可以作为检验不结球白菜种子活力的候选指标。     

纳板河流域土地利用变化对土壤有机碳及微生物生物量碳和氮的影响

与其他地区相比,热带森林的土地利用变化对碳循环的影响尤其显著。本文采用野外调查取样和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了纳板河流域自然林转变为旱地、水稻田、橡胶林、茶园后土壤有机碳(SOC)、土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)和微生物生物量氮(SMBN)的变化。结果表明:自然林转变为其他土地利用类型后,SOC、SMBC、SMBN均显著下降,水稻田的SOC和SMBC下降幅度最大。赤红壤的SOC和SMBC、SMBN均显著高于砖红壤。相关性分析表明:SOC与SMBC、SMBN、土壤含水量呈显著或极显著正相关,与土壤容重、pH呈极显著负相关;SMBN与SOC、SMBC呈极显著正相关,与土壤容重呈显著负相关;微生物商与pH呈极显著正相关。     

贵州省城镇建设用地扩展的时空演变特征

选择贵州省的85个城镇为研究区,运用1973年1∶5万地形图,1986、1995、2000和2007年4期高分辨率遥感影像,选取城镇扩展动态度指数、城镇扩展贡献率指数和城镇扩展强度指数3个指标,构建城镇综合扩展程度指数模型,定量分析了1973—2007年4个时期贵州省城镇建设用地扩展的总体特征和时空分异特征。结果表明:从1973—2007年,贵州省城镇建设用地呈持续增长态势,城镇建设用地面积共增加17550.8915hm2,其中2000—2007年贵州省城镇建设用地扩展面积最大,动态度、贡献率和强度指数均最大;研究区建设用地扩展具有明显的空间分异特征,1973—1986年,城镇建设用地扩展主要集中在省会城市贵阳市,1986—1995年,地级城市所在城镇扩展面积和强度快速提高,1995—2000年,交通沿线城镇扩展速度加快,2000—2007年,贵州省城镇扩展强度和综合扩展程度不仅在贵阳市和地级城市较快,而且在区位和自然条件良好的县级城镇也迅速提高。     

Biochemical characterization of a novel cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase from Paenibacillus sp. 598K

Cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase (CITase; EC 2.4.1.248), a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 66 (GH66), catalyzes the intramolecular transglucosylation of dextran to produce cycloisomaltooligosaccharides (CIs; cyclodextrans) of varying lengths. Eight CI-producing bacteria have been found; however, CITase from Bacillus circulans T-3040 (CITase-T3040) is the only CI-producing enzyme that has been characterized to date. In this study, we report the gene cloning, enzyme characterization, and analysis of essential Asp and Glu residues of a novel CITase from Paenibacillus sp. 598K (CITase-598K). The cit genes from T-3040 and 598K strains were expressed recombinantly, and the properties of Escherichia coli recombinant enzymes were compared. The two CITases exhibited high primary amino acid sequence identity (67%). The major product of CITase-598K was cycloisomaltoheptaose (CI-7), whereas that of CITase-T3040 was cycloisomaltooctaose (CI-8). Some of the properties of CITase-598K are more favorable for practical use compared with CITase-T3040, i.e., the thermal stability for CITase-598K (≤ 50 °C) was 10 °C higher than that for CITase-T3040 (≤ 40 °C); the k_cat/K_M value of CITase-598K was approximately two times higher (32.2 s^− 1 mM^− 1) than that of CITase-T3040 (17.8 s^− 1 mM^− 1). Isomaltotetraose was the smallest substrate for both CITases. When isomaltoheptaose or smaller substrates were used, a lag time was observed before the intramolecular transglucosylation reaction began. As substrate length increased, the lag time shortened. Catalytically important residues of CITase-598K were predicted to be Asp144, Asp269, and Glu341. These findings will serve as a basis for understanding the reaction mechanism and substrate recognition of GH66 enzymes.     

北京大学与中南大学神经生物学硕士研究生课程设置分析

通过对北京大学与中南大学神经生物学研究生培养方案及课程设置进行分析,探寻两所高校之间的差别。结果显示两所高校神经生物学硕士研究生课程设置基本符合培养目标,北京大学课程设置较中南大学更加全面合理,尤其在学术道德、实验技能、学术交流等方面的课程设置优于中南大学,建议中南大学新设或加强部分课程。     

1996—2008年广东省城市化进程与生态环境的协调性分析

在构建城市化和城市生态环境评价指标体系、并对广东省城市化发展水平与城市生态环境质量分别进行综合评价的基础上,将模糊数学中的隶属度引入到城市化与市生态环境协调度的计算中,并对两者协调发展程度的变化趋势进行了分析。结果发现,1996-2008年间,广东省城市综合发展与城市环境的协调度具有明显的阶段性和波动性特征,总体均呈现下降趋势;静态协调度可大体上划分为两个阶段,其中前9年均处于总体协调阶段,以1998年的静态协调度为最高,但自2005年后,两者的静态协调度逐年降低,处于不协调阶段;与静态协调发展度相比较,广东省的城市化发展与城市生态环境的动态协调度变化略为平滑。说明广东省生态环境对城市化的响应较为明显,但生态环境质量发展指数的上升滞后于城市化发展的进程。随着城市化进程的不断发展,城市化与生态环境的矛盾逐渐加剧,生态环境对城市化的约束作用逐渐增加,系统的协调性也有所下降。     

Structural behavior of RNA-binding proteins in the free state and in complex with RNA: <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> ribosomal protein L25 and 5S rRNA

A novel approach was proposed to evaluate the steadiness of polar clusters containing the RNA-binding sites on the protein surface. The degree of clustering of RNA-binding polar residues was used as a measure of the steadiness of the corresponding polar clusters. Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L25 utilizes two binding sites, S1 and S2, to complexate with a 5S rRNA fragment. The cluster distribution of RNA-contacting polar residues on the protein surface was studied using the structural data on the complex (in crystal and in solution) and the free state (in solution). The degree of polar residue clustering in S1 and S2 in crystal was estimated at 71.4 and 100%, respectively. For the free state in solution, the degree of clustering of the two sites was 22.8 and 68.6%, respectively. Thus, the steadiness was quantitatively estimated for the RNA-binding sites of two different types, one preexisting in the protein and the other induced by the RNA structure upon complexation. The difference between the protein structures in crystal and in solution was found to be functionally significant. The results can be extrapolated to numerous complexes of proteins with double-stranded RNA and DNA.     

具有一般形式饱和接触率SEIS模型的周期解

利用重合度的延拓定理,导出了具有一般形式饱和接触率SEIS模型周期解的存在性准则.     

Electronic Nose with an Air Sensor Matrix for Detecting Beef Freshness

China is one of the largest meat producing countries in the wodd. With the growing concern for food safety more attention has been paid to meat quality. The application of conventional test methods for meat quality is limited by many factors, and subjectiveness, such as longer time to prepare samples and to test. A sensor matrix was constructed with several separate air sensors, and tests were conducted to detect the freshness of the beef. The results show that the air sensors TGS2610, TGS2600, TGS2611, TGS2620 and TGS2602 made by Tianjin Figaro Electronic Co, Ltd could be used to determine the degree of freshness but TGS2442 is not suitable. This study provides a foundation for designing and making an economical and practical detector for beef freshness.     

An enzyme family reunion — similarities,differences and eccentricities in actions on <Emphasis Type="Italic">α</Emphasis>-glucans

α-Glucans in general, including starch, glycogen and their derived oligosaccharides are processed by a host of more or less closely related enzymes that represent wide diversity in structure, mechanism, specificity and biological role. Sophisticated three-dimensional structures continue to emerge hand-in-hand with the gaining of novel insight in modes of action. We are witnessing the “test of time” blending with remaining questions and new relationships for these enzymes. Information from both within and outside of ALAMY_3 Symposium will provide examples on what the family contains and outline some future directions. In 2007 a quantum leap crowned the structural biology by the glucansucrase crystal structure. This initiates the disclosure of the mystery on the organisation of the multidomain structure and the “robotics mechanism” of this group of enzymes. The central issue on architecture and domain interplay in multidomain enzymes is also relevant in connection with the recent focus on carbohydrate-binding domains as well as on surface binding sites and their long underrated potential. Other questions include, how different or similar are glycoside hydrolase families 13 and 31 and is the lid finally lifted off the disguise of the starch lyase, also belonging to family 31? Is family 57 holding back secret specificities? Will the different families be sporting new “eccentric” functions, are there new families out there, and why are crystal structures of “simple” enzymes still missing? Indeed new understanding and discovery of biological roles continuously emphasize value of the collections of enzyme models, sequences, and evolutionary trees which will also be enabling advancement in design for useful and novel applications.