The effects of EDTA-Tris infusion on the equine endometrium

Four groups of five pony mares each were used to determine if the intrauterine infusion of EDTA-Tris solution caused adverse effects on the endometrium. The uteri of mares were infused with either saline or EDTA-Tris solution or biopsied or sham-biopsied without infusion. Acute endometritis developed in one (20%) to three (60%) mares in each group during the seven days following treatment, but there were no differences (P > 0.05) in the incidence of endometritis among the groups. Endometrial fibrosis was not evident in biopsies taken on days 14, 30 and 60 following infusion of saline or EDTA-Tris. It was concluded that the endometrial response to saline and EDTA-Tris was not different and that EDTA-Tris may be a useful adjunct to treatment of uterine infections in the mare.     

鲸类远距离活体采样技术发展概述及其在中国鲸类研究中的应用前景

鲸类位于海洋生态系统食物链的顶端,在国际海洋环境保护研究中备受关注。鲸类的生活环境使得科研人员难以接近它们,为了在保证动物生命安全的前提下进行采样研究,科研人员发明了鲸类远距离活体采样技术。鲸类远距离活体采样工具出现于1973年,由捕鲸鱼叉改制而来,其后40余年,鲸类活体采样工具先后经历了捕鲸鱼叉、十字弓、复合弓、气枪、手持杆等多种不同动力的采样系统交替出现的发展历程。活体采样技术对动物的影响是科研人员关注的核心问题,为此,科研人员开展了大量研究对活体采样技术的风险性进行评价,并最终认可了这一技术的无损伤性。现今,鲸类远距离活体采样技术已成为国际鲸类研究的重要手段。我国是鲸类资源相对丰富的国家,但该技术在我国鲸类研究中的应用仍处于起步阶段,仅在香港海域的中华白海豚（Sousa chinensis）研究中进行过尝试,鲸 类远距离活体采样技术在我国有着广泛的应用前景和发展空间。本文详细介绍了鲸类远距离活体采样技术的发展历程和科研应用,并从遗传学、毒理学、细胞生物学和内分泌学方面对该技术在我国鲸类研究中的应用前景做了展望。     

Numerical modelling of blood clot extraction by aspiration thrombectomy. Evaluation of aspiration catheter geometry

Aspiration thrombectomy is one of the most effective systems for blood clot removal and vessel recanalization. We present the results of a study involving the modelling and extraction of blood clots in the arteries of the human body using the following computer tools: Bond-Graph methodology for the fluid domain and Multi-Body Simulation for the mechanical domain. The modelling for the mechanical domain focuses on the clot and the distal end section of an aspiration device. Our final model considers an elastic characterization of the blood clot with progressive detachment from the vessel wall. We conclude that the results of such modelling could potentially improve the effectiveness of blood clot removal by reducing the risk of clot fragmentation. Such modelling could also potentially provide an adjunct technique in improving recanalization of arteries over a range of given parameters (mechanical properties of the vessel, mechanical properties of the blood clot, blood clot length, suction pressure, catheter – clot distance, catheter shape, catheter diameter and vessel occlusion).     

超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞联合舒芬太尼、右美托咪定镇痛对肝部分切除术后患者疼痛因子、应激反应和细胞免疫功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞（TAPB）联合舒芬太尼、右美托咪定镇痛对肝部分切除术后患者疼痛因子、应激反应和细胞免疫功能的影响。方法：选择我院2020年4月~2021年8月期间收治的行肝部分切除术的患者70例。根据随机数字表法将患者分为A组（超声引导下TAPB联合舒芬太尼镇痛,35例）和B组（超声引导下TAPB联合舒芬太尼、右美托咪定镇痛,35例）,对比两组镇静、镇痛效果,观察两组疼痛因子、应激反应和细胞免疫功能变化,对比两组围术期间不良反应发生率。结果：两组术后12 h、术后24 h、术后48 h视觉模拟评分法（VAS）下降,且B组低于A组（P<0.05）。两组术后12 h、术后24 h、术后48 h Ramsay镇静评分下降,但B组高于A组（P<0.05）。两组术后1 d血清前列腺素E2（PGE2）、血清P物质（SP）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）水平均升高,但B组低于A组（P<0.05）。两组术后1 d血清肾上腺素（E）、皮质醇（Cor）、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平均升高,但B组低于A组（P<0.05）。两组术后1 d CD8⁺升高,但B组低于A组;CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺下降,但B组高于A组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：超声引导下TAPB联合舒芬太尼、右美托咪定镇痛用于肝部分切除术后患者,可有效减轻术后疼痛和应激反应,改善机体免疫功能,安全可靠。     

New perspectives on the evolution of lung ventilation mechanisms in vertebrates

In the traditional view of vertebrate lung ventilation mechanisms, air-breathing fishes and amphibians breathe with a buccal pump, and amniotes breathe with an aspiration pump. According to this view, no extant animal exhibits a mechanism that is intermediate between buccal pumping and aspiration breathing; all lung ventilation is produced either by expansion and compression of the mouth cavity via the associated cranial and hyobranchial musculature (buccal pump), or by expansion of the thorax via axial musculature (aspiration pump). However, recent work has shown that amphibians exhibit an intermediate mechanism, in which axial muscles are used for exhalation and a buccal pump is used for inhalation. These findings indicate that aspiration breathing evolved in two steps: first, from pure buccal pumping to the use of axial musculature for exhalation and a buccal pump for inspiration; and second, to full aspiration breathing, in which axial muscles are used for both inhalation and exhalation. Furthermore, the traditional view also holds that buccal pump breathing was lost shortly after aspiration breathing evolved. This view is now being challenged by the discovery that several species of lizards use a buccal pump to augment costal aspiration during exercise. This result, combined with the observation that a behavior known as “buccal oscillation” is found in all amniotes except for mammals, suggests that a reappraisal of the role of buccal pumping in extant and extinct amniotes is in order.Electronic supplementary material Electronic supplementary material is available for this article at and accessible for authorised users.     

B 超引导下甲状腺肿块细针穿刺细胞学诊断的临床病理分析

摘要目的：比较B 超引导下细针吸取穿刺和传统细针吸取穿刺在甲状腺肿块性质确定中意义。方法：使用B 超引导下细针吸取 穿刺（UG-FNAB）和传统细针吸取穿刺技术（c-FNAB）对225 例甲状腺肿块进行穿刺活检，然后进行涂片，染色，镜检，结合临床作 出细胞学诊断，并与组织切片诊断对照，比较两种方法的确诊率。结果：在UG-FNAB 检测病例中59.3%的结节位于甲状腺右叶， 40.7%肿块位于左叶和峡部。87%的患者甲状腺机能正常，结节最长径平均为2.8± 1.1 cm，部分病例符合甲状腺恶性肿瘤的超声 影像学改变。在本研究中诊断为甲状腺乳头状癌的病例细胞学和组织学特点均符合甲状腺癌形态学特点。在225 例研究病例中， 总确诊率为72.89%（164/225），其中UG-FNAB组确诊率为90.58%（77/85），C-FNAB 组确诊率为62.14%(87/140) ,两组确诊率比 较有显著性差异（P<0.05）。结论：本组研究数据显示比较C-FNAB，UG-FNAB在诊断甲状腺复杂性结节中具有更高的确诊率，特 别是在C-FNAB方法不能得出明确诊断时。     

Thrombus aspiration in a series of patients with stable or unstable angina pectoris and lesion-site thrombus formation

Background. In acute myocardial infarction, thrombus aspiration prior to percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) is often beneficial, but this approach has never been studied in patients without acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this retrospective study is to shed light on that topic based on our initial experience with manual thrombus aspiration in patients with stable or unstable angina pectoris and angiographic evidence of lesion-site thrombus. Methods. We assessed the feasibility (thrombus aspiration without predilatation) of this approach; in addition, we determined angiographic coronary flow and myocardial blush grade. Results. During 33 months in which a total of 4725 PCI were performed in our centre, manual thrombus aspiration was attempted in 14 patients with stable or unstable angina pectoris with angiographic evidence of thrombus. In nine of these 14 patients, the aspiration catheter could be advanced into the lesion without predilatation; in eight patients visible thrombus was obtained. The corrected TIMI frame count improved during the entire interventional procedure (21.1±11.2 vs. 12.8±5.9 frames; p=0.015). Myocardial blush grade, which overall improved during PCI (p<0.001), tended to show greater improvement in patients in whom thrombus aspiration could be achieved (1.6±0.9 vs. 0.7±0.5; p=0.06). Conclusions. Preliminary evidence suggests that manual thrombus aspiration may occasionally be considered in selected patients without acute myocardial infarction but with angiographic evidence of lesion-site thrombus. Nevertheless, prospective studies are required to clearly define the role of this approach in clinical practice. (Neth Heart J 2010;18:423-9.)     

超声引导下经阴道细针穿刺注射5-FU治疗宫外孕的疗效观察

目的：探讨超声引导下经阴道应用细针穿刺注射5-FU介入治疗异位妊娠的临床疗效。方法：超声引导下经阴道用18G及22GPTC针对42例未破裂型异位妊娠病灶进行穿刺抽吸囊液后,注射5．氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）及氨甲喋呤（MTX）治疗,进行疗效观察。结果：应用22G细针穿刺,一次性穿刺成功病例21例,成功率100％;穿刺出血病例3例,穿刺后出血发生率14．2％。对照组18G粗针穿刺,分别为15例、71．4％;9例、42．8％;差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。注射5-FU术1周病人血HCG测量值及异位妊娠病灶缩小或消失率达到90．4％、治疗方法有效率为95．2％,对照组注射MTX分别为71．4％、80．9％;差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：超声引导下经阴道22G细针穿刺注射5．Fu治疗未破裂型宫外孕较18G粗针及注射MIX疗效显著,成功率高、副反应少,为临床保守治疗未破裂型异位妊娠穿刺针型号及用药种类的选择提供了一种新的方法,有一定的临床应用价值。     

In vivo tissue sampling of embryonic resorption sites using ultrasound guided biopsy

In the polytocous European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) more than 23% of all successful implantations undergo embryonic resorption. The objective of the study was to establish a minimally invasive ultrasound guided biopsy technique to collect embryonic resorption tissue in vivo. The sampled material was genetically analysed to determine paternity and the sex of the embryo. Female hares were either mated or artificially inseminated and pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound on day six post ovulation. Subsequent embryonic development was ultrasonographically monitored on a regular basis to detect embryos undergoing resorption. Cell material of the resorption site was collected under ultrasonographic control via transabdominal biopsy of the placenta or aspiration of resorption fluid. To avoid breathing movements during the biopsy, the animals were intubated and a short apnoea was evoked by assisted ventilation. The presence of embryonic cells in the biopsy material was confirmed by microsatellite analysis in 11 of the fluid samples (n = 28) and six of the placental samples (n = 8). The lower success rate in the fluid samples was attributed to the abundance of maternal cells which was confirmed by the analysis of fluid sample smears. Male sex of the embryos undergoing resorption was detected by SRY analysis for ten of the fluid samples and for one of the placental samples. The two biopsy techniques did not have any negative impact on the prenatal development of the healthy siblings nor did it influence the future breeding performance of the females that were biopsied.     

超声引导下股动脉假性动脉瘤内凝血酶注射加加压治疗的应用价值

目的:评价超声引导下股动脉假性动脉瘤瘤腔内注射凝血酶加加压治疗在治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤中的应用价值。方法:在彩色多普勒超声引导下,采用20 G穿刺针经皮穿刺,对30例经股动脉介入治疗术后形成的股动脉假性动脉瘤患者行瘤腔内注射凝血酶封闭治疗同时行加压压迫治疗,凝血酶浓度为200 U/ml,总量均≤500 U,压迫治疗力量以病人能耐受,足背动脉搏动可触及为标准,加压时间为24小时。结果:30例患者均1次治疗成功,术中及术后无并发症发生,术后随访3个月无复发。结论:超声引导下股动脉假性动脉瘤瘤腔内注射凝血酶加加压治疗在治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤中具有创伤小,操作简便,疗效确切的优点,可作为经股动脉介入治疗术后形成的假性动脉瘤的首选治疗方法。