参麦注射液与布地奈德联合治疗急性酒精中毒伴吸入性肺炎的临床研究

目的:探究参麦注射液与布地奈德联合治疗急性酒精中毒伴吸入性肺炎的临床疗效。方法:选择2012年6月~2015年6月期间,我院收治急性酒精中毒合并吸入性肺炎患者112例为研究对象,采用随机数字法将其随机分为观察组(57例)和对照组(55例)。对照组在基础治疗的基础上给予布地奈德治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合参麦注射液治疗,收集并分析治疗后两组患者症状恢复时间、症状消失时间、清醒后不良反应发生情况、治疗前后肝功能指标及血清炎性因子指标。结果:观察组患者清醒时间、血压恢复时间及头晕、头痛、电解质紊乱的发生率均显著低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后两组患者间天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(GGT)水平均出现显著降低,且观察组均显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察患者咳嗽消失、气喘缓解、哮鸣音消失及湿罗音消失时间均显著低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后两组患者血清IL-6、TNF-α及CRP水平均显著降低,且观察组均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:参麦注射液与布地奈德联合治疗急性酒精中毒伴吸入性肺炎疗效可靠,能够有效缩短患者酒精中毒症状的恢复与消失时间,降低清醒后不良症状的发生率,并且能改善患者肝功能、减轻炎症反应,具有重要的临床价值。     

High velocity pulse biopsy device enables controllable and precise needle insertion and high yield tissue acquisition

Minimally invasive biopsies are a cornerstone of breast cancer management with ultrasound being the preferred guidance modality. New developments in breast cancer management and advances in imaging technologies bring new challenges to current biopsy methodologies. A new biopsy device (NeoNavia® biopsy system, 14 G) was developed. It incorporates a pneumatic needle insertion mechanism that is intended to provide better control of needle progression and enable stepwise insertion without noticeable deformation or displacement of surrounding tissue as visualized under ultrasound. A new method of tissue acquisition was designed to achieve a sampling yield higher than standard methodologies. Needle dynamics was assessed on a specifically designed test bed and sampling performance was compared to a Magnum® biopsy instrument (Bard, Covington, GA, USA) in representative tissue models. The histological quality of samples obtained ex-vivo was evaluated. A pneumatic pulse was measured to accelerate the needle to a maximum velocity of 21.2 ± 2.5 m/s on a stroke length of 2.5 mm, achieving significantly higher acceleration, maximum velocity and power than current biopsy devices. Mean weight of samples obtained by the NeoNavia device were 3.5, 4.6, and 4.3 times higher when sampling was performed in turkey breast, calf thymus and swine pancreas, respectively, as compared to samples obtained with the Magnum instrument. Ex-vivo analysis indicates that the method of tissue acquisition has no apparent negative impact on the histopathologic quality of obtained samples.     

Development of a Nonhuman Primate Model for Fetoscopy

Twenty-four fetoscopy procedures were performed on 22 monkeys (19 Macaca mulatto, one M. fascicularis, two Erythrocebus patas) with gestational ages ranging from 66 to 145 days. Insertion of the fetoscope without ultrasound guidance was easy in 14 and difficult in ten procedures. Amniotic fluid exchange with normal saline, to improve visualization, was successful in eight of 13 procedures. Fetal blood sampling was successful in four of nine attempts. Nine monkeys aborted within 17 days of the fetoscopy, the remaining 13 went to term or were used in other research protocols. Major complications included maternal hemorrhage into the amniotic fluid, inability to enter the amniotic cavity, and abortion. Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein following fetoscopy was not a useful indicator of subsequent abortion.     

Proximal embolic protection in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction (PREPARE): core lab adjudicated angiographic outcomes of a randomised controlled trial

Background. Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the Proxis system (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) achieved significantly better microvascular flow as measured by ST-segment resolution. However, no differences were observed in left ventricular ejection fraction or infarct size as obtained by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of combined proximal embolic protection and thrombus aspiration on core-lab adjudicated angiographic outcomes.Methods. In the PRoximal Embolic Protection in Acute myocardial infarction and Resolution of ST-Elevation (PREPARE) study, patients were randomised to primary PCI with the Proxis system (n=141) or primary PCI alone (n=143). An independent core laboratory re-evaluated all angiograms and adjudicated the angiographic outcomes and computerised quantitative blush evaluation (QuBE) value.Results. There were no significant differences in Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade, myocardial blush grade, or angiographic signs of distal embolisation among the two arms. QuBE values did not significantly differ between the Proxis-treated patients and control patients (15.1±5.4 vs. 15.8±5.5, respectively, p=0.34).Conclusion. Primary PCI with combined proximal embolic protection and thrombus aspiration in STEMI patients more frequently resulted in complete immediate ST resolution compared with control patients. However, there were no significant differences in core laboratory adjudicated angiographic outcomes. (Neth Heart J 2010;18:531–6.)     

Clinical and radiological features of breast tumors according to history of false-positive results in mammography screening

BackgroundWomen with a false-positive result after a screening mammogram have an increased risk of cancer detection in subsequent participations, especially after assessments involving cytology or biopsy. We aimed to compare women's personal characteristics, tumoral features and the radiological appearance of cancers with and without a previous false-positive result generated by additional imaging or invasive procedures.MethodsFrom 1996 to 2007, 111,098 women aged 45–69 years participated in four population-based breast cancer screening programs in Spain, and 1281 cancers were detected. We included all cancers detected in subsequent screenings (n = 703) and explored the occurrence of previous false-positive results. We identified false-positives requiring additional imaging or invasive procedures. Differences on tumoral features (invasiveness, tumor size, and lymph node status) and radiological appearance were assessed by Chi-square test, and agreement between the location of cancer and prior suspicious by Cohen's kappa coefficient. A multivariate analysis was preformed to evaluate the effect of previous screening results and age on the odds of presenting an in situ carcinoma.ResultsAmong the 703 cancers detected in subsequent screenings, 148 women (21.1%) had a previous false-positive result. Of these, 105 were by additional imaging and 43 by invasive procedures. Women with prior false-positive result requiring invasive assessment, compared to women with negative tests, and women with prior false-positive requiring additional imaging, had a higher proportion of in situ carcinomas (31.7%, 15.3%, 12.9%, respectively; p = 0.014) and microcalcifications (37.2%, 20.2%, 9.5%, respectively; p = 0.003). The proportion of in situ carcinomas was even higher in women over 60 years (39.2%, 12.5%, 13.0%, respectively; p = 0.001). Ipsilateral cancer was observed in 65.7% of cases with prior cytology or biopsy (k = 0.479; 95%CI: 0.330–0.794).ConclusionA large number of in situ malignancies and calcification patterns were found among women with prior false-positive result in mammography screening requiring cytology or biopsies, suggesting progression from a previously benign lesion.     

超声引导下麦默通微创旋切术在乳腺BI-RADS 3级肿块中的应用进展

麦默通微创旋切术(Mammotome)是目前临床上治疗乳腺BI-RADS 3级肿块常用的手术方式,其优势能够有效彻底清除病灶,而且术后创面恢复快、术口小。但微创手术也有出血、切破皮肤、感染以及病灶残留等相应并发症,可通过术中加入止血药物或者改良手术方式来减少并发症的发生几率。而针对麦默通微创旋切术后残留的热点问题,超声引导下残腔注水试验或者微创旋切术附加小切口均可有效降低病灶残留率。     

超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞联合舒芬太尼、右美托咪定镇痛对肝部分切除术后患者疼痛因子、应激反应和细胞免疫功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞（TAPB）联合舒芬太尼、右美托咪定镇痛对肝部分切除术后患者疼痛因子、应激反应和细胞免疫功能的影响。方法：选择我院2020年4月~2021年8月期间收治的行肝部分切除术的患者70例。根据随机数字表法将患者分为A组（超声引导下TAPB联合舒芬太尼镇痛,35例）和B组（超声引导下TAPB联合舒芬太尼、右美托咪定镇痛,35例）,对比两组镇静、镇痛效果,观察两组疼痛因子、应激反应和细胞免疫功能变化,对比两组围术期间不良反应发生率。结果：两组术后12 h、术后24 h、术后48 h视觉模拟评分法（VAS）下降,且B组低于A组（P<0.05）。两组术后12 h、术后24 h、术后48 h Ramsay镇静评分下降,但B组高于A组（P<0.05）。两组术后1 d血清前列腺素E2（PGE2）、血清P物质（SP）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）水平均升高,但B组低于A组（P<0.05）。两组术后1 d血清肾上腺素（E）、皮质醇（Cor）、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平均升高,但B组低于A组（P<0.05）。两组术后1 d CD8⁺升高,但B组低于A组;CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺下降,但B组高于A组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：超声引导下TAPB联合舒芬太尼、右美托咪定镇痛用于肝部分切除术后患者,可有效减轻术后疼痛和应激反应,改善机体免疫功能,安全可靠。     

553例女性宫颈高危型HPV感染与宫颈病变的相关性研究

目的：研究女性生殖道高危型人乳头瘤病毒（high risk human papilloma virus,hrHPV）感染现状及子宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CI N）的现患率,并分析该人群年龄与HPV感染及宫颈癌前病变的相关性以及hrHPV病毒载量与宫颈病变之间剂量-效应关系。方法：对553例30岁-78岁有性生活史的女性进行以人群为基础的横断面调查。对所有接受筛查的妇女均行宫颈HPV检测及电子阴道镜下病理活检,并以病理结果作为诊断子宫颈病变的金标准。资料采用EXCEL整理,利用x2检验和非条件Logistic回归分析危险因素和CI N的关系。结果：553例受检对象总体阳性检出率为18.0%。hrHPV感染情况在不同年龄段分布有显著差异,hrHPV病毒载量越高宫颈病变的程度越重。结论：不同年龄段hrHPV感染情况不同,hrHPV病毒载量与宫颈病变之间存在剂量-效应关系。     

急性脑梗塞后肺部感染的相关因素及预后

目的:分析探讨急性脑梗塞后肺部感染的相关因素及其预后,以有利于进一步预防及治疗。方法:对2009年5月至2011年5月收治的258例脑梗塞急性期患者的临床资料进行回顾性调查分析,根据是否合并肺部感染分为肺部感染组和对照组,分析肺部感染的危险因素和其预后的相关性。结果:258例脑梗塞患者中发生肺部感染45例,感染率为17.4%,其中心源性脑栓塞占67%。与对照组相比,急性脑梗塞后肺部感染患者年龄偏高(分别为74.2±13.2和69.8±12.7,P<0.021),住院过程中的误吸(OR5.513)及住院时的NIHSS评分(OR1.090)是独立性危险因素,而肺部感染是加重病情的独立性危险因素(OR5.838)。结论:对于高龄、入院时NIHSS评分高、误吸和心源性急性脑梗塞患者应及早预防,已发生肺部感染者应当给予积极有效的治疗。     

The effects of EDTA-Tris infusion on the equine endometrium

Four groups of five pony mares each were used to determine if the intrauterine infusion of EDTA-Tris solution caused adverse effects on the endometrium. The uteri of mares were infused with either saline or EDTA-Tris solution or biopsied or sham-biopsied without infusion. Acute endometritis developed in one (20%) to three (60%) mares in each group during the seven days following treatment, but there were no differences (P > 0.05) in the incidence of endometritis among the groups. Endometrial fibrosis was not evident in biopsies taken on days 14, 30 and 60 following infusion of saline or EDTA-Tris. It was concluded that the endometrial response to saline and EDTA-Tris was not different and that EDTA-Tris may be a useful adjunct to treatment of uterine infections in the mare.