高强度聚焦超声消融治疗（HIFU术）联合补肾活血方治疗子宫腺肌病的临床研究

摘要 目的：探讨高强度聚焦超声消融治疗（HIFU术）联合补肾活血方治疗子宫腺肌病的临床疗效。方法：选取我院2020年3月到2023年3月收治的100例子宫腺肌病患者作为研究对象,应用随机数字表法将其分为观察组与对照组,每组50例。对照组患者采取HIFU术治疗,观察组患者采取HIFU术联合补肾活血方治疗,对比两组患者临床疗效,治疗前后中医证候积分,对比手术前、手术后3个月、6个月的糖类抗原CA125及血红蛋白水平变化,并在治疗3个月后和治疗6个月应用子宫体积、痛经评分、经量评分评价患者远期预后情况。结果：两组临床疗效比较无差异（P>0.05）;治疗前两组患者腰膝酸软、经期腰骶痛、经期腹痛相关中医证候积分对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组患者腰膝酸软、经期腰骶痛、经期腹痛相关中医证候积分均降低,且观察组低于对照组（P＜0.05）;手术两组患者糖类抗原CA125、Hb水平对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,术后3个月、6个月两组患者糖类抗原CA125水平降低,观察组低于对照组,Hb水平升高,观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗后3个月的子宫体积、痛经评分、经量评分明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）,且治疗6个月后两组患者子宫体积、痛经评分、经量评分均降低,观察组低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：对子宫腺肌病患者应用高强度聚焦超声消融术联合补肾活血方治疗可提升其临床治疗效果,减轻患者临床症状,改善患者糖类抗原CA125表达水平,减轻贫血情况,且远期疗效较好,能够进一步改善患者子宫体积、疼痛程度和月经量,值得临床应用推广。     

超声造影定量参数联合癌胚抗原、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值对乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移的预测价值

摘要 目的：探讨超声造影定量参数联合癌胚抗原（CEA）、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）对乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移的预测价值。方法：选择2020年12月至2022年1月我院收治的120例行改良根治术治疗的乳腺癌患者,所有患者均行乳腺超声造影检查获得超声造影特征图像及超声造影定量参数,检测血清CEA水平和NLR,统计术后复发转移的发生情况。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析超声造影定量参数联合CEA、NLR预测乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移的价值。结果：两组术前超声造影特征比较,复发转移组增强强度略高,大部分为高增强或整体增强,造影剂分布尚均匀。18例术后发生复发转移（复发转移组）,复发转移组峰值强度（PI）大于未复发转移组,血清CEA水平和NLR高于未复发转移组,达峰时间（TTP）小于未复发转移组（P＜0.05）。PI、TTP、CEA、NLR预测乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.693、0.764、0.763、0.781,联合PI、TTP、CEA和NLR预测乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移的AUC为0.909,大于各指标单独预测。结论：乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移患者超声造影参数PI增大、TTP降低,血清CEA和NLR增高,联合检测TTP、PI、CEA和NLR在乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移中具有较高的预测价值。     

肿块型乳腺癌的超声造影特征及定量参数与sE-cad、sTNFR-P55的相关性及其诊断价值分析

摘要 目的：探讨肿块型乳腺癌的超声造影（CEUS）特征及定量参数与可溶性E-钙黏蛋白（sE-cad）、可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体P55（sTNFR-P55）相关性研究,并探讨其对肿块型乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法：选取2019年1月至2021年1月于本院诊治并行CEUS检查的162例乳腺肿块患者,根据病理结果分为肿块型乳腺癌组（82例）和良性组（80例）,另选取本院体检健康的80例女性作为对照组。三组均行血清sE-cad、sTNFR-P55水平检测。比较肿块型乳腺癌组与良性组CEUS特征及定量参数的差异,采用Pearson相关分析肿块型乳腺癌患者CEUS定量参数与血清sE-cad、sTNFR-P55水平的相关性。对CEUS、血清sE-cad、sTNFR-P55水平单独或三者联合诊断的方式采用敏感度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值指标表达。结果：肿块型乳腺癌组大部分表现为增强后形态不规则、高增强、向心性灌注、造影剂分布不均匀以及呈慢出型的强化方式,且所占比例显著高于良性组（P<0.05）。与良性组相比,肿块型乳腺癌组CEUS定量参数TTP、G显著降低（P<0.05）,而PI、K显著升高（P<0.05）。肿块型乳腺癌组血清sE-cad、sTNFR-P55水平显著高于良性组、对照组（P<0.05）,且良性组血清sE-cad、sTNFR-P55水平还显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。肿块型乳腺癌患者的CEUS定量参数TTP、G与血清sE-cad、sTNFR-P55水平呈负相关（P<0.05）;而PI、k与血清sE-cad、sTNFR-P55水平呈正相关（P<0.05）。CEUS联合血清sE-cad、sTNFR-P55水平诊断肿块型乳腺癌的准确度、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值最高。结论：CEUS特征及定量参数对肿块型乳腺癌具有一定的鉴别诊断价值,而且CEUS定量参数与血清sE-cad、sTNFR-P55水平具有一定的相关性,说明CEUS定量参数可在一定程度上可反映乳腺癌的恶性生物学行为;同时CEUS联合血清sE-cad、sTNFR-P55水平检测有助于提高对肿块型乳腺癌的鉴别诊断价值,进一步为临床医生的定性判断提供更加科学的影像学依据。     

高强度聚焦超声治疗子宫腺肌病的免疫学状态改变及影像学评估研究

摘要 目的：探讨高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）治疗子宫腺肌病（AM）的免疫学状态改变及影像学评估。方法：选择2020年12月-2021年12月于石家庄市人民医院收治的186例AM患者,HIFU消融术治疗前后行血清补体C3、C4、辅助性T细胞17与调节性T细胞比值（Th17/Treg）检测和磁共振成像（MRI）检查。比较AM患者治疗前后超声特征以及MRI测量参数、血清补体C3、C4、Th17/Treg水平的差异;采用Spearman相关性分析治疗后血清补体C3、C4、Th17/Treg水平与消融率、无灌注区MRI参数的相关性。结果：AM患者HIFU治疗前超声显示子宫壁肌层回声不均匀,肌层血流信号丰富,病灶血运丰富;MRI表现为子宫不均一性体积增大,子宫壁明显增厚,与子宫结合带分界不清,信号不均匀,动态增强扫描病灶表现为不均匀强化,强化程度均略低于附近的正常子宫内肌层。AM患者HIFU治疗后VAS评分显著低于治疗前（P<0.05）;超声显示子宫肌层回声不均匀,肌层血运明显减少,MRI显示子宫壁增厚程度减轻,信号不均匀,增强扫描表现为中央无强化的灌注区,周边结节状或不规则形强化即为残余病灶,消融率为90%左右。HIFU治疗后血清补体C3、C4水平、残余病灶ADC值、MSI值显著升高（P<0.05）,而HIFU治疗后Th17/Treg、无灌注区ADC值、MSI值显著下降（P<0.05）。HIFU治疗后血清补体C3、C4水平与消融率、无灌注区ADC值以及MSI值存在显著负相关（P<0.05）,而Th17/Treg与消融率、无灌注区ADC值以及MSI值存在显著正相关（P<0.05）。结论：HIFU治疗AM患者后的免疫学状态改变以及MRI评估有助于预测AM患者的预后,并指导临床医师对AM患者后续治疗方案的选择提供客观真实的依据。     

高频超声联合剪切波弹性成像对于上肢神经卡压综合征的诊断价值

摘要 目的：探讨高频超声联合剪切波弹性成像对于上肢神经卡压综合征的诊断价值。方法：收集2017年1月-2022年11月于我院收治的行手术治疗的66例上肢神经卡压综合征患者作为观察组,并将其按照疾病严重程度分为轻度组、中重度组,其中腕管综合征43例、轻度组18例、中重度组25例,肘管综合征23例、轻度组12例、中重度组11例,选取同时期66例健康人群作为对照组。所有受试者均行常规超声及剪切波弹性成像检查,在豌豆骨及肘管入口水平分别测量正中神经及尺神经前后径、左右径、横截面面积、杨氏模量。比较各个测量指标在各组间的差异。以临床诊断为金标准,分析高频超声及高频超声联合剪切波弹性成像对上肢神经卡压综合征临床分型价值。结果：观察组正中神经横截面积、杨氏模量均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05);观察组尺神经左右径、横截面积、杨氏模量均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;中重度组正中神经、尺神经杨氏模量均显著高于轻度组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;高频超声、高频超声联合剪切波弹性成像对腕管综合征临床分型的准确率为65.12%、81.40%,敏感度为61.11%、83.33%,特异度为68.0%、80.0%,精确度为57.89%、75.0%;高频超声、高频超声联合剪切波弹性成像对肘管综合征临床分型的准确率为52.17%、78.26%、敏感度为58.33%、83.33%、特异度为45.45%、72.73%、精确度为53.85%、76.92%。结论：高频超声联合剪切波弹性成像对上肢神经卡压综合征表现出较好的诊断价值,可实现以无创的方式对该疾病做出准确诊断。     

超声造影定量参数联合血清TSH、Tg、外周血NLR在甲状腺结节良恶性诊断中的应用价值

摘要 目的：探讨超声造影定量参数联合血清促甲状腺激素（TSH）、甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）、外周血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）在甲状腺结节良恶性诊断中的应用价值。方法：选取2020年7月到2022年5月我院收治的80例甲状腺结节患者,根据病理学检查结果将其分为良性组(53例）和恶性组（27例）。所有甲状腺结节患者均行甲状腺超声造影并记录定量参数,检测血清TSH、Tg水平,计算NLR。以术后病理结果为准,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析超声造影定量参数、血清TSH、Tg及NLR鉴别诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的价值。结果：经组织病理学确诊恶性甲状腺结节27例,良性甲状腺结节53例。恶性组超声造影定量参数平均渡越时间(mTT)、曲线下面积（AUCceus）低于良性组（P＜0.05）,血清TSH、Tg水平及NLR均高于良性组（P＜0.05）。超声造影定量参数mTT、AUCceus联合血清TSH、Tg及NLR鉴别诊断良恶性甲状腺结节的曲线下面积高于以上五项指标单独诊断。结论：恶性甲状腺结节患者超声造影定量参数mTT、AUCceus降低,且血清TSH、Tg水平及NLR增高,超声造影定量参数mTT、AUCceus联合血清TSH、Tg及NLR可提高鉴别诊断良恶性甲状腺结节的效能。     

对比分析四维容积超声及彩色多普勒超声在胎儿肺静脉异位引流诊断中的应用

摘要 目的：对比分析四维容积超声及彩色多普勒超声在胎儿肺静脉异位引流（APVC）诊断中的应用价值。方法：采用回顾性分析方法,2019年1月到2022年1月选择在本院进行诊治的胎儿肺静脉异位引流孕妇60例作为研究对象,都给予四维容积超声及彩色多普勒超声,记录影像学特征并判断诊断价值。结果：在60例孕妇中,彩色多普勒超声检查判断为胎儿肺静脉异位引流51例,诊断敏感性为85.0 %;四维容积超声检查判断为胎儿肺静脉异位引流59例,诊断敏感性为98.3 %,四维容积超声检查对胎儿肺静脉异位引流的诊断敏感性明显高于彩色多普勒超声检查（P<0.05）。彩色多普勒超声检查与四维容积超声检查诊断的特异性都为100.0%。在60例孕妇中,判断为胎儿肺静脉异位引流心上型32例,心下型28例;心上型的肺静脉引流途径为肺静脉-垂直静脉-右上腔静脉22例、肺静脉-垂直静脉-左上腔静脉10例,心下型的肺静脉引流途径为肺静脉-垂直静脉-左头臂静脉-右上腔静脉6例、肺静脉-垂直静脉-门静脉22例。合并心脏畸形32例,合并畸形率为53.3 %;有51例孕妇终止妊娠,9例孕妇继续妊娠,其中8例未经治疗者新生儿期死亡,1例在3月龄死亡。结论：相对于彩色多普勒超声,四维容积超声在胎儿肺静脉异位引流诊断中的应用可提高诊断敏感性,可有效反映肺静脉回流情况,可指导临床进行早期干预。     

Radio-iodination of plasma membrane polypeptides from isolated mouse spermatogenic cells

Cell surface polypeptides of mouse pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids (steps 1–8) have been iodinated using 1,2,3,6,tetracholoro-3α, 6α-diphenylglycouril (IODOGEN). Labeled proteins have been assayed using two-dimensional polyacrylamide electrophoresis and radioautography. Purified plasma membranes, prepared from both spermatocytes and spermatids after the iodination of intact cells, exhibit 25–30 polypeptides which label reproducibly. No significant qualitative differences are noted in the labeled polypeptide map obtained from each of the purified cell types. Iodinated proteins range in molecular weight from greater than 100k daltons to approximately 40k daltons. The isoelectric points of labeled constituents range from pI 5.7 to 7.2. Three polypeptides represent the major iodinated species: p 94/5.8, p 75/5.9, and p 53/7.1. Comparison with total plasma membrane constituents assayed using Coomassie brilliant blue indicates that many of the radioactively labeled proteins are not present in quantities sufficient to allow ready detection without isotopic techniques. As a result, many of the proteins identified autoradiographically represent newly described surface components of mouse pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. The preparation of purified plasma membrane fractions prior to electrophoresis ensures that all iodinated species are in fact cell surface components. Furthermore, experiments designed to assess the vectorial nature of the IODOGEN-catalyzed labeling procedure suggest that most, if not all, of the iodinated species are exposed on the external side of the cell plasma membrane. Therefore, these studies have (1) identified hitherto unrecognized plasma membrane components of mouse pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids and (2) provided the first available biochemical data concerning the molecular orientation of particular proteins in the surface membranes of developing mouse spermatogenic cells.     

Expression of the zygotic genome in blastoderm stage embryos ofDrosophila: Analysis of a specific protein

Summary The synthesis of a protein which has been detected in blastoderm cells but not in pole cells (Gutzeit and Gehring 1979) has been studied further by means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. This protein could not be detected at the nuclear multiplication stage. The protein is translated from mRNA which is transcribed at the blastoderm stage since it is not synthesized in detectable amounts when embryos are injected with -amanitin prior to the blastoderm stage. Also the protein could not be detected when RNA from freshly laid eggs was translated in vitro. Embryos from females which are homozygous for the mutationmat (3) 1 form pole cells but no blastoderm cells (Rice and Garen 1975). Thesemat (3) 1 embryos, as we will call them in this report, express the protein if aged for a period of time sufficient for completion of blastoderm cell formation in control wild-type embryos.mat (3) 1 embryos and embryos injected with -amanitin show the same syndrome of visible developmental anomalies; however, the studied protein could only be detected inmat (3) 1 embryos but not in -amanitin injected embryos.Supported by the DFG, SFB 46     

Feasibility of characterizing reproductive events in large nondomestic species by transrectal ultrasonic imaging

The feasibility of using transrectal ultrasonography for imaging the in situ morphology of the reproductive tract of females of several large nondomestic and endangered species was studied. Two black (Diceros bicornis) and 1 white (Diceros simus) rhinoceros, 2 Asian (Elaphus maximus) and 2 African (Loxodonta africana) elephants, 4 banteng (Bos javanicus), 1 gaur (Bos taurus), 1 giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), and 1 bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) were examined. Real-time ultrasonic images were obtained for the following structures: 1) rhinoceros—corpus luteum, ovarian follicles, uterus, cervix, and early conceptus, 2) elephants—posterior uterus and cervix, 3) banteng and gaur—corpus luteum, ovarian follicles, uterus, cervix, and conceptus, 4) giraffe—posterior uterus, placentomes, and late conceptus, 5) camel—posterior uterus, fetal fluids, and fetal membranes. Individual ovarian follicles were identified and monitored over a 34 day observational period in 1 nontranquilized white rhinoceros. Difficulties and limitations in viewing the ovaries in the elephants were attributed to operator inexperience and to the size, positioning, and demeanor of the animals. Pregnancy was detected in 1 black rhinoceros (27 days), 1 banteng cow (48 days), the giraffe (13 months), and in the bactrian camel (approximately 3½ months). Impending embryonic loss was suspected in the banteng cow because a heartbeat was not detected in the embryo proper; the cow was subsequently diagnosed nonpregnant by transrectal palpation 20 days later. It is concluded that the ability afforded by transrectal ultrasonography to detect and measure ovarian structures and changes in morphology of the tubular genitalia and conceptus provides a research methodology for the elucidation of certain aspects of reproductive biology, and a clinical modality for reproductive management and assisted fertilization programs of large nondomestic species.