Comparison of the murine humoral immune response to recombinant simian virus 40 large tumor antigen: Epitope specificity and idiotype expression

Baculovirus-derived recombinant simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen (SV40 T-Ag) was used to immunize inbred strains of mice to compare the humoral immune responses. Specifically we examined the epitope specificities and idiotype (Id) expression on anti-(SV40 T-Ag) responses induced in BALB/c and C57BL/6 inbred strains of mice. The predominant SV40 T-Ag epitopes recognized by the anti-(SV40 T-Ag) responses appeared to differ between these two inbred strains, this being based on the ability of sera to inhibit the binding of several murine monoclonal antibodies specific for SV40 T-Ag. In addition, anti-(SV40 T-Ag) responses produced in C57BL/6 mice failed to express a previously described cross-reactive Id expressed in the anti-(SV40 T-Ag) response in BALB/c mice. This cross-reactive Id is detected by a mouse monoclonal anti-Id, designated 58D, which has been shown to represent a potential focal point for manipulating the humoral immune response to SV40-induced tumors in BALB/c mice. Together, these data indicate that the functional duality of the humoral immune response, as assessed by epitope recognition and Id expression, differs between these two inbred strains of mice when immunized with a recombinant SV40 T-Ag.     

铜蓝蛋白、鳞状细胞癌相关抗原与慢性肾功能衰竭的关系及对病情进展的预测价值研究

摘要 目的：分析铜蓝蛋白（CER）、鳞状细胞癌相关抗原（SCCA）与慢性肾功能衰竭的关系及对病情进展的预测价值。方法：选择我院自2019年4月至2021年4月接诊的169例慢性肾功能衰竭患者作为研究对象,根据24 h尿白蛋白定量分为微量白蛋白尿组（＜200 mg/24 h,102例）和大量白蛋白尿组（＞200 mg/24 h,67例）。比较两组各项实验室指标及血清CER、SCCA水平,分析CER、SCCA与慢性肾功能衰竭患者肾功能指标的关系。随访12个月,观察病情进展,使用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）评价血清CER联合SCCA对病情进展的预测效能。结果：大量白蛋白尿组血清肌酐（Scr）、血尿素氮（BUN）水平均明显高于微量白蛋白尿组,肾小球滤过率（GFR）低于微量白蛋白尿组（P＜0.05）;大量白蛋白尿组血清CER、SCCA水平均高于微量白蛋白尿组（P＜0.05）;经Pearson相关性分析,慢性肾功能衰竭患者血清CER、SCCA水平均与Scr、BUN呈正相关,与GFR呈负相关（P＜0.05）;经多因素Logistic回归分析,GFR、CER、SCCA均是慢性肾功能衰竭患者病情进展的独立预测因素（P＜0.05）;经ROC曲线分析,血清CER联合SCCA预测慢性肾功能衰竭患者病情进展的AUC为0.925,明显大于GFR的0.620（P＜0.05）。结论：血清CER、SCCA水平与慢性肾功能衰竭患者肾功能呈负相关,联合预测病情进展效能较好,值得临床予以重视应用。     

免疫检查点抑制剂联合抗血管生成二线治疗晚期食管癌患者疗效及肿瘤标志物表达、预后生存期的影响

摘要 目的：研究信迪利单抗与阿帕替尼在晚期食管癌二线治疗中的应用效果。方法：根据随机数字表法将2019年1月～2022年1月本院收治的70例食管癌患者分为对照组与观察组,每组各35例,对照组给予阿帕替尼治疗,观察组给予信迪利单抗与阿帕替尼联合治疗,观察两组患者的客观缓解率（ORR）、疾病控制率（DCR）,并在治疗前后利用酶联免疫吸附法检测其糖类抗原50（CA-50）、糖类抗原199（CA199）、癌胚抗原（CEA）、鳞癌抗原（SCC）水平;随后通过随访记录两组患者的预后生存期,并建立多因素Logistic模型分析影响患者达到中位OS、PFS的独立危险因素。结果：与对照组比较,观察组ORR、DCR率较高（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,治疗后观察组血清CA50、CA199、CEA、SCC水平较低（P＜0.05）。与对照组比较,观察组中位OS、PFS较长（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic分析结果显示,治疗方法、CA50、CA199、CEA、SCC是影响食管癌预后生存期的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：利用免疫检查点抑制剂与抗血管生成药物对晚期食管癌患者开展二线治疗,不仅能降低血清中的肿瘤标志物浓度,还能延长患者的预后生存期,治疗效果较为显著。     

人类疱疹病毒6型可诱生TNF－α

用生物活性法和双抗体夹心桥联酶免疫吸附（ＥＬＩＳＡ）法检测了人类疱疹病素６型（ＨＨＶ－６）ＧＳ株和南京地方株ＣＮ５,８,１０感染的淋巴细胞培养上清中的肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）的水平,发现培养２４ｈ即可检出高水平的ＴＮＦ,４８～７２ｈ述到峰值,此后逐渐下降,与未感染耐照组比较有及其显著的差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）。ＧＳ株与地方株同诱生ＴＮＦ水平无儿著性差异（Ｐ＞０．１）,三株地方株诱生ＴＮＦ也无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＴＮＦ－α单抗可以完全中和培养上清中ＴＮＦ的活性,证实上清中有ＴＮＦ－α。与ＬＰＳ比较,ＨＨＶ－６诱生ＴＮＦ－α的能力要强得多。     

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Decrease Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Its Encoding mRNA in Astrocyte Cultures and Glioblastoma Cells

Abstract: Tumor necrosis factor-α is a pluripotent cytokine that is reportedly mitogenic to astrocytes. We examined expression of the astrocyte intermediate filament component glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocyte cultures and the U373 glioblastoma cell line after treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α. Treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α for 72 h resulted in a decrease in content of glial fibrillary acidic protein and its encoding mRNA. At the same time, tumor necrosis factor-α treatment increased the expression of the cytokine interleukin-6 by astrocytes. The decrease in glial fibrillary acidic protein expression was greater when cells were subconfluent than when they were confluent. Thymidine uptake studies demonstrated that U373 cells proliferated in response to tumor necrosis factor-α, but primary neonatal astrocytes did not. However, in both U373 cells and primary astrocytes tumor necrosis factor-α induced an increase in total cellular protein content. Treatment of astrocytes and U373 cells for 72 h with the mitogenic cytokine basic fibroblast growth factor also induced a decrease in glial fibrillary acidic protein content and an increase in total protein level, demonstrating that this effect is not specific for tumor necrosis factor-α. The decrease in content of glial fibrillary acidic protein detected after tumor necrosis factor-α treatment is most likely due to dilution by other proteins that are synthesized rapidly in response to cytokine stimulation.     

Examination of lymphokines induced in mice following immunization with recombinant simian virus 40 large tumor antigen

Baculovirus-derived recombinant simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen (T-Ag) was used to immunize BALB/c mice to examine the lymphokines produced following immunization. Specifically, we examined production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5 and interferon (IFN) from immune lymphocytes cultured with decreasing concentrations of recombinant SV40 T-Ag. We identified elevated levels of IFN and IL-2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a murine CTLL-2 proliferation biossay respectively. We were unable to detect either IL-4 or IL-5. These data indicate the previously reported tumor immunity induced by recombinant SV40 T-Ag immunization most likely reflects a TH1-like immune response based on thein vitro production of both IFN and IL-2 by immune lymphocytes.     

Treating tumor-bearing mice with vitamin D3 diminishes tumor-induced myelopoiesis and associated immunosuppression,and reduces tumor metastasis and recurrence

Metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC-LN7) tumors that secrete granulocyte/macrophage-colonystimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulate myelopoiesis and induce bone marrow-derived immunosuppressor cells that are homologous to granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells. In vitro treatment of the LLC-LN7 cells with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ reduced tumor cell production of suppressor-inducing activity, although suppressor-inducing activity could be restored by reconstituting the tumor supernatants with recombinant GM-CSF. Treatment of mice having LLC-LN7 tumors with vitamin D₃ reduced tumor production of GM-CSF and the frequency of myeloid progenitor cells. This was associated with a reduction in immunosuppressor activity and an increase in T cell function. Vitamin D₃ treatment of mice having palpable tumors transiently retarded tumor growth, but caused a prominent reduction in tumor metastasis. Treating mice with vitamin D₃ after tumor excision resulted in a reduction in the tumor-induced myelopoietic stimulation and associated immunosuppressive activity, and enhanced T cell function. These mice had a markedly reduced incidence of tumor recurrence. The results of this study suggest that vitamin D₃ treatment of mice with GM-CSF-secreting tumors can interrupt the myelopoiesis-associated immunosuppressor cascade and, in turn, reduce tumor metastasis and recurrence.This study was supported in part by grants from the Medical Research Service of the Department of Veterans Affairs and by grants CA-45080 and CA-48080 from the National Institutes of Health     

Potentiation of antitumor effects of tumor necrosis factor α and interferon γ by macrophage-colony-stimulating factor in a MmB16 melanoma model in mice

The efficacy of systemic infusion of recombinant human macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in combination with local treatment with human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and mouse recombinant interferon (IFN) was studied in vivo on a subclone of B16 melanoma (MmB16) in mice. Short-term intravenous administration of M-CSF at a dose of 10⁶ units daily had no antitumor effect in vivo. Similarly, local treatment of tumor with TNF (5 g daily) did not produce any therapeutic effect. However, simultaneous administration of the same dose of TNF with IFN (1000 units daily) resulted in a synergistic effects manifested by the retardation of tumor growth. Addition of systemic infusion of M-CSF to the local therapy with TNF and IFN induced further augmentation of antitumor efficacy and delayed progression of MmB16 melanoma. The strengthened antitumor effect of combination therapy including M-CSF, TNF and IFN was most probably due to the increased release of monocytes from the bone marrow, their recruitment into the site of tumor growth and subsequent local stimulation of their antitumor activity.