丹红注射液治疗膝关节置换术后患者的临床疗效及机制研究

目的:探讨丹红注射液治疗膝关节置换术后患者的临床疗效、安全性及其可能作用机制。方法:选取我院骨科收治的行膝关节置换术的患者86例,根据就诊顺序平均分为两组,对照组43例予以术后常规治疗,实验组43例予以丹红注射液治疗。治疗后,观察并比较两组患者的临床疗效,血清IL-6、IL-8及TNF-α水平的变化,并发症的发生情况以及膝关节功能的活动情况。结果:与对照组相比较,实验组的总有效率及HSS评分更高(P0.05),血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α的水平,感染和粘连的发生率较低(P0.05)。结论:丹红注射液能够提高膝关节置换术的临床疗效,减少并发症的发生,使患者的膝关节功能尽快恢复,这可能与其降低血清IL-6、IL-8及TNF-α水平有关。     

G蛋白偶联受体计算研究的进展和前瞻

G蛋白偶联受体(G protein-coupled receptor,GPCR)是含有七个跨膜螺旋的一类重要蛋白,是迄今为止发现的最大的多药物靶标受体超蛋白家族。例如,目前上市药物中有超过30%是以GPCR为靶点的。然而,与GPCR重要性形成强烈反差的是科学界对于其结构与功能的了解非常贫乏,主要原因是通过实验手段来获得GPCR的结构与功能信息极其困难。利用生物信息学方法从基因组规模的数据中识别GPCR并预测三维结构是可行途径之一。基于生物信息学的GPCR研究将为新型药物靶标的筛选和药物的开发提供一定的帮助。本文论述了几种较为典型的GPCR计算方法,并基于已有研究提出可能的创新性研究策略来解决GPCR蛋白识别、跨膜区定位、以及结构和功能预测等问题。     

Contents to volume 178

UV CD and IR spectra of the water-soluble bacteriochlorophyll-protein antenna isolated from Prosthecochloris aestuarii indicate that about 50% of the protein is in a β-sheet conformation while for the dominant antenna complexes isolated from bacteria (B800-850) and from green plants (LHC), the α-helix (45%) is more abundant than the β-sheet (~ 10%) conformation. Furthermore, IR dichroism studies show that the α-helical segments of a large variety of intrinsic membrane Chl-protein complexes (antenna and reaction centers) are tilted on the average at 30–35° away from the membrane normal. The observation that in these complexes the Chl planes are also tilted at about the same angle suggests that the transmembrane orientation of the α-helices determines the positioning of the Chl molecules in photosynthetic membranes.     

Simultaneous stimulation of uric acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis in chicken hepatocytes by alpha-adrenergic action of epinephrine and calcium

Formation of a transmembrane electric potential coupled to ATP hydrolysis is demonstrated in chloroplast ATPase complex containing proteoliposomes. The ATP-induced signals were detected through absorbance changes of the membrane potential-responding dye oxonol VI. They were inhibited by the specific energy-transfer inhibitor, tentoxin and the ionophore valinomycin while stimulated by nigericin. Calibration of the transmembrane potential signal was possible by the application of a proton diffusion potential. The ATP-induced transmembrane potential was estimated to be 40–50 mV.     

Biochemical and genetic consequences of gene transfer from endosymbiont to host genome

Summary In the origin of the mitochondrion and plastid, gene transfer from the ancestral endosymbiont to the host was proposed to be a crucial event. For this genic integration to proceed, products of transferred genes had to return to and enter the endosymbionts. The limiting event was the crossing of the barrier presented by the two semipermeable membranes bounding the proto-organelle. In this paper it is suggested that spontaneous transport allowed transferred gene encoded proteins to enter the endosymbionts before receptors evolved. The effects of these events, including the degeneration of the endosymbiont genome, are discussed. Although the presumed gene transfer had profound effects on the metabolic relationships between host and endosymbionts it probably cannot account for all examples of organelle/cytoplasmic isozyme pairs or the absence of amino acid synthetic enzymes in animal cells.     

老年社区获得性肺炎患者TNF-alpha和sTREM-1 的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨老年社区获得性肺炎患者TNF-α和s TREM-1表达水平及其临床意义。方法:从我院选择48例社区获得性肺炎患者为CAP组(重症组和普通组),另选取对照组48例。收集两组患者的血浆及BALF,分别收集重症组患者住院后1天、4天的血浆和BALF,对比各组s TREM-1和TNF-α的表达水平。结果:对照组TNF-α和s TREM-1的表达水平均低于CAP组(P<0.05);重症患者的TNF-α和s TREM-1表达水平高于普通组和健康对照组(P<0.05)。重症患者TNF-α表达水平与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),而s TREM-1表达高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:TNF-α和s TREM-1表达水平与CAP的发病过程密切相关,其表达水平与CAP的严重程度呈正相关。     

生地黄对内毒素诱导的急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的:以中医辨证论治为基础,研究生地黄对急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome,ALI/ARDS)的干预作用。方法:将大鼠分为对照组、模型组、生地黄预防组、生地黄治疗组,通过气管注射脂多糖(LPS)制备大鼠ALI/ARDS模型,酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)中肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)含量的变化,考马斯亮蓝法测定BALF中总蛋白含量,BALF细胞悬浮液离心涂片Giemsa染色后光镜下细胞分类计数,H.E.染色肺部组织并通过光镜观察其形态学变化,分析生地黄水提物对ALI的保护作用。结果:生地黄干预组BALF中TNF-α、IL-6含量明显降低(P0.0),蛋白含量明显降低(P0.0),中性粒细胞数(Polymorphonuclear cells,PMN)和炎症细胞总数明显降低(P0.0),肺部病理损伤减轻。结论:生地黄对ALI可能具有保护作用,对ALI/ARDS可能具有潜在的治疗价值。     

髓核突出模型大鼠背根神经节中Wnt5a的表达

目的:观察Wnt5a在大鼠髓核突出模型的表达变化,探索Wnt5a在神经根病中的作用。方法:将80只成年雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组,n=20)、髓核突出组(NP组,n=20)、髓核突出+生理盐水组(NP+Saline组,n=20)、髓核突出+益赛普组(NP+Etanercept组,n=20)。从大鼠尾椎椎间盘中取髓核,将髓核种植于L5背根神经节旁,制作髓核突出大鼠模型。采用免疫组织化学法分别检测各组大鼠背根神经节中的Wnt5a蛋白的表达,利用RT-PCR的方法分别检测各组大鼠背根神经节中Wnt5a m RNA的表达。结果:免疫组化结果显示,各组大鼠背根神经节的大中小神经元均有Wnt5a的表达,NP组较Sham组在3天、7天时Wnt5a表达量均增加(P0.01),3天和7天时NP+Etanercept组大鼠背根神经节中Wnt5a的表达量较NP+Saline组均减少(P0.01)。RT-PCR的结果与免疫组化的结果相符,表现为NP组较Sham组在3天、7天时Wnt5a mRNA的相对表达量增加(P0.01),NP+Etanercept组大鼠背根神经节中Wnt5a的相对表达量较NP+Saline组均减少(P0.01)。结论:髓核突出并压迫背根神节时,可引起背根神经节Wnt5a的表达增加,且阻断肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)时,背根神经节的Wnt5a表达减少。     

顺铂联合针灸疗法对晚期肺癌患者血清CSF、TNF-alpha与IL2水平的影响

目的：探究顺铂联合针灸疗法对晚期肺癌患者血清集落刺激因子(CSF)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-alpha)与白细胞介素2(IL2)水平的 影响。方法：选取我院肿瘤科收治的晚期肺癌患者60 例,并将其随机分为对照组和实验组。对照组30 例患者仅予顺铂常规治疗; 实验组30 例患者顺铂在常规治疗的基础上加用针刺肺俞、丰隆、中府、太渊、尺泽、心俞、天宗、膻中、膏肓、尺泽、背压痛点、灸丹 田穴位。治疗前后,检测和比较两组患者的血清CSF、TNF-alpha与IL2 水平。结果：治疗前,两组患者的血清CSF、TNF-alpha、IL2 水平比 较均无统计学差异(P>0.05);治疗后,两组的血清CSF、TNF-alpha、IL2水平均较治疗前降低,且实验组显著低于对照组,差异均有统计 学意义(P＜0.05)。实验组的治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,脱发、失眠、白细胞减少的发生率均明显低于对照组,差异均具有统计 学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：顺铂联合针灸治疗能够明显降低晚期肺癌患者的血清CSF、TNF-alpha与IL2 水平,进而可能提高患者的免疫 功能和临床疗效,值得临床进一步研究和推广应用。     

Efficient glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) modification of membrane proteins requires a C-terminal anchoring signal of marginal hydrophobicity

Many plasma membrane proteins are anchored to the membrane via a C-terminal glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) moiety. The GPI anchor is attached to the protein in the endoplasmic reticulum by transamidation, a reaction in which a C-terminal GPI-attachment signal is cleaved off concomitantly with addition of the GPI moiety. GPI-attachment signals are poorly conserved on the sequence level but are all composed of a polar segment that includes the GPI-attachment site followed by a hydrophobic segment located at the very C terminus of the protein. Here, we show that efficient GPI modification requires that the hydrophobicity of the C-terminal segment is "marginal": less hydrophobic than type II transmembrane anchors and more hydrophobic than the most hydrophobic segments found in secreted proteins. We further show that the GPI-attachment signal can be modified by the transamidase irrespective of whether it is first released into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum or is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.